Std IX Social Science Past Paper PDF

Social Science Std IX Possible Questions for Second Term Examination.Distribution of Power in Indian Constitution 1.Features of the Constitution largest written Constitution Parliamentary Democracy Rigid and Flexible Structure Fundamental...

Social Science Std IX Possible Questions for Second Term Examination.Distribution of Power in Indian Constitution 1.Features of the Constitution largest written Constitution Parliamentary Democracy Rigid and Flexible Structure Fundamental Rights and Fundamental Duties Directive Principles of State Policy 2.Features of Indian Federalism Bicameralism.A written constitution.Independent and Integrated Judiciary.Sovereignty of the Constitution. 3.Find and list the reasons why India adopted the federal system * Promotion of Democracy * Protection of Regional Interests* Administrative Efficience* Unity in Diversity 4.Identify the ideas presented in the Objective Resolution that were included in the Preamble of the Constitution of India and compare them ? Sovereignty to people Secularism Social, economic and political justice freedom of speech, expression, belief, worship 5.In which the Schedule of the Constitution mentions the division of powers-Seventh Schedule 6.Explain Division of Powers in the Seventh Schedule?.Union List - * List of subjects over which the Union Government has exclusive law-making powers. * When the constitution came into force, there were 97 subjects.* Example – Foreign Affairs, Defence, Railways, Banking,Citizenship, etc..State List - * List of subjects over which State governments have legislative powers in normal circumstances. * Initially, it had 66 subjects.* Example – Agriculture, Jails, Police, Local Government, etc. Concurrent List - * List of subjects over which both the Central and the State Governments have legislative powers. * Initially, it had 47 subjects. * Example – Education, Forestry, Trade Unions, Marriage, Birth and Death Registration, etc 7.Explain the different stages through which a bill becomes a law?  First Reading - Any bill other than a Money Bill is presented in either house by a Minister or a Private Member.  Second Reading - At this stage, the bill is either sent to a committee for examination or debated within the house itself. Changes or amendments can be accepted during this stage.  Third Reading – Approves or rejects the bill. The same process is being repeated in the second house. If both house agree, it is then submitted to the President for assent. Once president’s assent ,the bill officially becomes Law. 8.What is a constitutional amendment? Write the need for constitutional amendment?  A constitutional amendment is the making of corrections, omissions or additions to the Constitution.Helpful in altering the Constitution from time to time considering the socio- political needs.The Parliament has the power to amend the Constitution of India.Article 368empowers the Parliament to amend the Constitution. Methods of amendment prescribed by the Constitution of India?  Flexible Amendment – amended by the Parliament with simple majority through the procedures similar to ordinary legislationEg: Name of the states, boundaries, citizenship  Rigid Amendment - A special majority of both the houses of the Parliament is required to Visit www.shenischool.in To Join our Telegram Group https://t.me/joinchat/VggdwFAM7WwuQOC  make amendments Eg: Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles  More Rigid Amendment -Amended only with the special majority of both houses of the Parliament along with the approval of not less than half of the states. Eg: division of powers between Centre and State, Representation of the Peoples Act 9.List out the functions of the President of India? * Summon the Parliament, Dissolve the Lok Sabha.Appoint the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, State Governors.Declaration of emergency.Acts as the Commander-in-Chief of the defence forces. 10.Powers of the Supreme Court? * Original Jurisdiction. Appellate Jurisdiction. Advisory Jurisdiction. Writ Jurisdiction. Judicial Review 11.Write the responsibilities of Prime Minister?  The administrative head of the country.Forms the Council of Ministers and decides the members of his/her Cabinet. The power to change the portfolios of ministers and to include or remove members from the Council of Ministers.Acts as the link between the President, the Cabinet and the Parliament. 12.Compare the features of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha? LOK SABHA- Lower House.Age for contest 25 years. Elected directly by the people on a majority system.Term of its members is 5 years Maximum Strength 550.Present members - 543 (2024).Chaired by The speaker RAJYA SABHA-Upper House. Age for contest 30 years.Permanent House.Elected by elected members of State Legislative Assemblies..Term of its members is 6 years.Chaired by The Vice President 13.Write a short note on Executive?  Responsible for the implementation and administration of laws and policies.It consists of the President, the Vice President and the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister.Although, the powers of the executive are vested with the President under the provisions of the Constitution.It is exercised by the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. Political executive-The Political Executive consists of the President, the Vice President, and the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister.It is further divided into Nominal and Real Executive. Permanent executive-Bureaucracy LAND GRANTS AND INDIAN SOCIETY 1.irrigation methods that helped the expansion of agriculture in Gupta Period * Canals -Water raised from wells reached farmland through channels * Dams -Skandagupta rebuilt the Sudarsana Lake in Gujarat * Rainwater - The most important source of water * Tank/ Water Reservoir - Rainwater was collected and used for agriculture,Water reservoirs were built in South India,Tanks were constructed in North India * Ghatiyantra (Araghata) - Pots are attached to a wheel.When the wheel is rotated the pots are filled from the source and emptied into the field 2.Position of women in Gupta Period Women had a low status in society, * All women, from queens to the women of the lowest section in the society, were expected to be submissive to men. * Even the upper-class women did not enjoy a high position or consideration in the society. There is no evidence of land grants received by even a Brahmin woman. 3.Evaluate the contributions made to the field of science during the Gupta period Visit www.shenischool.in To Join our Telegram Group https://t.me/joinchat/VggdwFAM7WwuQOC * Books on science were written during the Gupta period. * Most of the works were on Astronomy, Mathematics, and Medical Science. * Notable works of the period were Brihatsamhita of Varahamihira, Aryabhatiya of Arya Bhata and Amarakosa of Amarasimha 4.What are the responsibilities of Gupta kings? * Protect the people from aggressions n* Protect Brahmins, Sramanas (Buddhist/ Jain monks) and the weaker sections * Administration of justice 5.FACTORS THAT HELPED THE SPREAD OF AGRICULTURE Uncultivated areas were made suitable for agriculture * The new social system provided sufficient labour-force for agriculture * The knowledge of Brahmins about agricultural technology and climate * Different irrigation facilities 6.DIFFERENCES IN LAND GRANT in the Satavahana and the Gupta Period * The Satavahanas - Right to the resources of the land only was given * The Guptas - Along with the resources of the land, rights over the people living there also were transferred 7.Who were ‘Srenis’ or ‘Guilds’?Write their responsibilities? * Associations of people who engaged in the same craft * ‘Srenis’ were associations of craftsmen and traders. * Collecting raw-materials,controlling production and marketing the finished goods 7.Write short note on external trade of the Guptas? Had external trade links with West Asia,Central Asia, South East Asia, and Rome. New trade routes developed during the period. Gold, silver and copper coins of high quality were minted. Prominent traders known as 'Nagarasreshtin' and 'Sarthvaha' had their role in the government Names of important centres of trade in Gupta period? Vaishali, Pataliputra, Kanauj, Shravasti, Kausambi, Ujjayini and Mathura The following Gupta cities were located present Indian states of Vaishali – Bihar Pataliputra – Bihar Kanauj - Utterpradesh Shravasti – Utterpradesh Mathura – Utterpradesh Kausambi – Utterpradesh Ujjayini – Madhyapradesh 8.Social life of Gupta period? Various occupational groups (Srenis) were formed Formation of a number of sub-divisions in the society. Impossible for the existing varna system to accommodate all these new occupational groups. Each occupational group became a new 'jati' or 'upajati'. People who came from outside the subcontinent, the forest dwellers ('Nishadas') and children born of inter-caste marriages also formed new 'jatis'. Evolved complex caste system No change in the position and privileges of the Brahmins, Kshatriyas and Vaisyas in the new complex system. 9.‘Indian Feudalism’ - write short note or Write the characteristics of the Samantha System that came into existence during the Gupta period A powerful section of land owners with immence wealth and influence was formed in the society. Those who worked on the land became rightless dependents of the landlords. In addition to taxes, people from the lower stratum of the society had to provide free services to the upper stratum. 10.Frame a table on six system of philosophies and their proponents Philosophy Exponent Samkhya Kapila Yoga Patanajali Nyaya Gauthama Visit www.shenischool.in To Join our Telegram Group https://t.me/joinchat/VggdwFAM7WwuQOC  Vaisheshika Kanada Vedanta Badarayana Mimamsa Jaimini 11.Write short note on the features of Dravidian Architecture? The 'Dravidian' style prevailed in South India. Huge mandapas was the chief characteristic of Dravidian architecture. Have certain specific features. They are, Sreekovil' or 'Garbhagriha (Sanctum Sanctorum), 'Vimana' (the top portion of the temple building), Sikhara (the top portion of the vimana), 'Mandapa' and 'Pradakshina patha' (Path for circumambulation). Gigantic entrance gateways, tall 'gopuras', (towers), carved elephants, horses, and dragon faces indecorative styles are the characteristic features of the Dravidian style. Pallavas were the first to prove excellence in Dravidian architecture. Eg.Temples at Mahabalipuram 12.The major texts of the period Name of the Text Author Genre of Literature Abhijnana Sakunthala Kalidasa Drama Kumarasambhava Kalidasa Poem Mriccha Katika Sudraka Drama Swapnavasavadattha Bhasa Drama Thrikandi Bhartrhari Grammar Amarakosam Amarasimha Lexicon 13.Write the changes brought about by the land grants during the Gupta period? The king’s authority over the donated land gradually declined. The right to collect taxes and administer justice over the donated land was transferred along with the ownership of land. Those who received the land grants also got the right to grant the land to someone else. In course of time, the kings and nobles began to give land grants instead of cash as remuneration for the services they received. Although most of the land grants were received by the Brahmins,gradually, other sections also started receiving land as grant. Demographic Trends in India 1.What problems arise when the population increases? ➔ Poverty ➔ Unemployment ➔ Starvation ➔ Malnutrition ➔ migration ➔ Food shortage ➔ Creating crises in the health sector and quality of life 2.Factors that determine the social development index of a country or region? Population data Birth rate Death rate Infant mortality rate Age structure 3.Need/Importance of Demographic Studies Analyzing diverse human resource and structural changes. To plan action programs. To determine the quantity of goods and services To understand economic and social progress 4.What might be the reasons for their migration in search of employment? Better income High social status High standard of living Financial conditions The weather landscape Urbanization 5.What are the social problems in densely populated areas? Visit www.shenischool.in To Join our Telegram Group https://t.me/joinchat/VggdwFAM7WwuQOC  Lack of open spaces Pollution Lack of water storage Crowding Overpopulation Transportation problems Drinking water problem Slums Unemployment 6.What might be the social problems created by the decreasing male- female ratio? Marriage Squeeze Social Instability Psychological Impact Social Isolation Imbalance in Family Structures Economic Consequences Shifts in Attitudes Toward Gender 7.Demographic gift or Demographic dividend A decrease in dependency ratio leads to economic progress of the country Number of employed people to be more than the number of the unemployed among the working age population This is called the demographic gift or demographic dividend 8. Life expectancy -A person's life expectancy is an estimate of how long he lives on an average Factors contribute to the high life expectancy rate in Kerala High literacy rate and higher education Decentralised public health policy Cleanliness Food availability and public distribution 9.Indicators of demography.Migration.birth rate.population density.female male ratio and child sex ratio life expectancy.age structure.dependency ratio 10.Migration -is the permanent or temporary settlement of people from one region to another. There are two types of migration..Internal migration migration within a countries border. Eg people of Kerala going to other states..International migration migration across country borders. Eg Movement of people from India to gulf countries 10.Two branches of demography *Social demography investigates the structure of social demography and its causes and consequences of change. It emphasises the socio- economic and political patterns of a region. *Formal demography measures and analyses the factors of population change. Census is an example for a formal demographic study. It collects and analyses data on population and the socio-economic status of the country. Extention of Democracy through Institutions 1.The Representation of People Act, 1950- is an act codifying the provision for fixing constituencies for elections to Parliament and state Legislatures delimiting their boundaries and preparing electoral rolls. The act stipulates that all constituencies are single- member constituencies. The Act provides for matters such as division and delimitation of constituencies, appointment of Chief Electoral Officer, District Returning Officers and Electoral Registration Officers and the preparation of electoral roll 2.Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 The act defines the formation of the National Human rights Commission, the appointment of this members, including the Chairperson, their removal from office, tenure in office and the activities and power of the commission.The procedure of Visit www.shenischool.in To Join our Telegram Group https://t.me/joinchat/VggdwFAM7WwuQOC inquiry of the commission, submission of report, formation of State Human rights Commission. The procedure of their activities and inquiries are laid down in this act. Human rights are the rights to life, liberty, equal treatment and dignity, as assured by the constitution of India and international agreements ratified by India.The Act came into force on 28 sept 1993 3.Protection of Women Against Domestic Violence Act, 2005 Protection of Women Against Domestic Violence Act came into force in India on 26 October 2006. This law protects women from violence by their life partners or relatives. The broad definition of domestic violence includes all activities that insult women or cause them danger. This law assures protection, boarding and financial help to women who are victims of domestic violence. 4.Functions of the National Human Rights Commission.To conduct inquiries on complaints related to human rights violation..Become a party to court proceedings in matters related to the violation of human rights..To visit jails and rehabilitation centres and make recommendations for reforms..To evaluate the functioning and efficiency of the systems for protection of human rights and give suggestions.Analyse the international agreements and declarations regarding human rights and take appropriate steps. 5.National Commission for Backward Classes- Functions >Ensure the effective implementation of the constitutional provisions and laws for the backward classes>Submit report to the government on the activities of various systems for the welfare of the backward classes>to make recommendations for taking steps against atrocities faced by backward classes and to ensure justice> Examine the demands related to backward status and give suggestions to the government. 6.National Women’s Commission -. The commission was founded on 31 January 1992.The commission consists of a chairperson, five members and a member secretary. Functions-The most important function of the National Women’s Commission is to intervene in the various issues faced by women in society and to suggest legal solutions The National Women’s Commission is equipped with extensive powers for the protection, equality and rights of women. Submit proposals for legislation to protect women’s rights.Activities for ensuring gender justice. Give suggestions to eliminate inequality and discrimination faced by women. 7.Functions of Election Commission- *Preparation of electoral roll and issuance of identity card. *Supervise, administer, and control the elections to the offices of the President and the Vice President of India, Members of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, and State Legislative Assemblies. *Promulgation and enforcement of the codes of conduct. *Recognition of political parties and allotment of symbols to them. Issue election notifications, receive, scrutinise and accept nominations, and publish the lists of candidates. *Schedule the dates for poll and its counting, declare results and resolve disputes. Human Resources for National Development 1.What is Barter System ? List out the drawbacks of Barter System? The goods were exchanged for goods. This is known as Barter System.What is Barter System? The system prevalent in olden days was that the goods were exchanged for goods is known as Barter System. Difficulty in determining the price of goods. The value of goods exchanged may vary.Lack of availability of goods to meet everyone's needs.Difficulty in exchanging goods 2.Human capital and Human capital formation Visit www.shenischool.in To Join our Telegram Group https://t.me/joinchat/VggdwFAM7WwuQOC  Human capital is the economic value of human resources. Human capital formation is the additions made over periods of time to the stock of human capital 3.What are the factors influencing human capital formation? Education, healthcare, job training, migration, Access to Information 4.What are the healthcare measures to be taken to increase the productivity of human resources? . Strengthen immune systems.Give importance to hygiene.Ensure adequate availability of nutritious foods.Provide better medical facilities. Ensure recreation and relaxation 5. How education leads to the progress of the country?  Education → Increase in Ability→ Technological Knowledge → Skill Development → Better Job → Better Income → Better Quality of Life → National Development 6.Define Labour ? Labour encompasses all intellectual or physical efforts done by people for reward 7.How can we strengthen the human capital / Ways for strengthening/empowering human resource > Provide better health facilities> Enable large scale investment in education > Emphasize skill development > Create an employee-friendly work environment > Better wages > Ensure job security 8.List out the Factors Infl uencing Human Capital Formation.Education.Healthcare.Training.Migration 9.Various types of unemployment in the country and their nature? *Open unemployment- Willing to work but unemployed *Structural unemployment- Job loss due to the introduction of new technology. *Seasonal unemployment- Employment during a particular season and remaining unemployed during the rest of the time. *Disguised unemployment A condition where more than the number of labourers required are employed in production process without any change in total output *Voluntary Unemployment A situation where the workers are unwilling to accept the prevailing wage due to not getting a job of their own interest *Cyclical Unemployment Unemployment falls during economic booms and unemployment rises during economic downturns 10.Factors of production & Reward *Land -Rent * Labour -Wages *Capital -Interest *Entrepreneurship -Profit 11.What are the main challenges faced by Human Capital Formation?  Poverty, Unemployment Plateau Where the Earth's history slumbers 1. Write the features of Peninsular Plateau? .Triangular-shaped physiographic unit occupying major share of the Peninsular India. Average altitude of 600 to 900 metres above mean sea level.  Extending over 16 lakh sq.km in area. Physical diversities such as extensive table lands with bordering mountain ranges and hills, comparatively shallow river valleys and diverse flora and fauna.Holds the major share of the Peninsular India. One of the oldest landforms in the world. The largest physical division of India 2.The Formation of Deccan Plateau Deccan Plateau formed?  The Deccan Plateau is made up of crystalline rocks, like basalt, granite and gneiss, formed by the lava flows millions of years ago. The north western part of the Deccan Plateau is composed of lava rocks called basalt. This region is called as Deccan Trap.The black soil;ighly fertile and with more water - retaining capacity.It protects the agricultural crops even in summer. Also called as black cotton soil, as it is very useful for cotton cultivation.Minerals like lime, iron, magnesium and aluminium are characteristics of regur soil Visit www.shenischool.in To Join our Telegram Group https://t.me/joinchat/VggdwFAM7WwuQOC  3.Western Ghats-mountain range, extending for about 1600 km from Kanyakumari in the south to the state of Gujarat in the north. Anamudi (2695 metres) in Kerala(Idukki)the highest peak in Peninsular India.Anamalai of the Western Ghats 4.Names of Western Ghat ranges in Different states  Anamalai and Elamalai in Kerala,  Nilgiris in Karnataka and Tamilnadu  Sahyadris in Maharashtra 5.Central Highlands-The extensive plateau region that lies to the north of Satpura ranges. The Aavali mountains are on the western margin of this table land known as Malwa Plateau.The Aravali ranges is an example for old fold mountains or residual mountains worn down by long term erosion. 6.Chota Nagpur Plateau-Situated at the south of Rajmahal Hills. Richest store house of minerals.Metallic minerals such as iron ore, bauxite, manganese and copper and non - metallic minerals such as lime stone and coal make this region mineral rich.The major economic activities in this region are mining and mineral-based industries 6.Factors Influencing the Climate of Peninsular Plateau *Tropical location *Peculiar shape of the Peninsula *Distance from the ocean *Orientation of mountain range *Direction of Monsoon winds 7.Soil Types in Peninsular Plateau Soil Formation Features Black Soil As a result of weathering very fertile of lava rocks called and rich in nutrients. basalt suitable for cotton cultivation Red Soil As a result of The red colour is weathering of due to the presence of very old crystalline iron in this soil. metamorphic rocks It also appears in brown, grey and yellow colours Laterite Soil as a result of less fertile,used leaching of minerals extensively for such as silica and plantation crops lime from the soil at such as tea, coffee, places experiencing rubber and arecanut alternating periods of heavy rain and drought Mountain Soil mechanical weathering suitable for the caused by snow, rain, plantation crops and temperature variation 8.What is a Plateau?Plateaus are the relatively flat and very extensive landforms situated at comparatively higher elevation from the surroundings. There are three types of plateaus based on their location.They are Intermontane plateaus, Piedmont plateaus,Continental plateaus 9.Climate of Peninsular Plateau-Barring the mountain region, the Visit www.shenischool.in To Join our Telegram Group https://t.me/joinchat/VggdwFAM7WwuQOC average summer temperature in the Peninsular Plateau is more than 30 Degree Celsius. Temperature at the Deccan Plateau generally touches 38 Degree Celsius in March. Generally low temperature prevails at higher elevations in the Western Ghats. The diurnal range of temperature is very high along the interiors of the plateau due to the considerable fall in the night temperature. Diurnal range of temperature is the difference between the maximum temperature and minimum temperature recorded at a particular place in a day.Rainfall is moderate or scanty throughout the Peninsular Plateau except the western slopes of the Western Ghats. During the southwest monsoon season the moisture - laden winds, raised and condensed along the western slopes of the Western Ghats cause heavy rainfall along the windward side. The west coast and the western slopes of the Western Ghats receive 250 to 400 cm rainfall during this period. The winds descending along the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats being dry, the plateau regions situated close to the eastern slopes receive very less amount of rainfall (less then 50cm). Such regions are termed as rain shadow regions. The southwest monsoon winds reaching the Maharashtra coast enter the peninsula through Narmada and Tapti river basins and cause moderate amount of rainfall throughout Central India. Chota Nagpur Plateau also receives a small amount of rainfall during this period. Peninsular Plateau generally experiences dry climate during the northeast monsoon or retreating monsoon season. Though the low pressure whirls developed over the Bay of Bengal causes heavy showers along the east coast, especially Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh, the plateauremains unaffected. Indian economy through various sectors 1.Primary Sector- The primary sector includes all those activities that utilise the natural resources directly. Agricultural activities, animal husban dry and fishing,Mining,Quarrying,Animal Husbandry which depend on natural resources, are examples for primary sector activities  Since the primary sector gives more importance to agriculture and allied activities, it is also known as the Agricultural sector. 2.Secondary Sector -This sector includes the economic activities related to industry and manufacturing. It involves the processing of raw materials from the primary sector into finished products.  Since the secondary sector gives more importance to the industries, it is also called the Industrial sector.Eg.Construction,Gas- Elecricity-Water supply,Industry 3.Tertiary Sector  The tertiary sector through its activities make more efficient the economic activities related to the storing and marketing of primary and secondary sectors.  The tertiary sector also ensures the services of various fields like health,real estate,banking ,insurance,transportation and education. Hence it is known as the service sector. 4.What are the major economic activities Production, distribution, and consumption are known as the major economic activities that take place in different sectors.  Production is the process of making goods and services by utilising different factors of production.  Distribution is the process of allocating produced goods and services or income among different individuals and factors of production. A part of the income thus allocated is used by the consumer to purchase goods and services. The balance is kept as saving. Consumption is the process of utilising goods and services to satisfy various needs and wants 5.Whatis National Income  The National Income is the sum total of the money value of all final goods Visit www.shenischool.in To Join our Telegram Group https://t.me/joinchat/VggdwFAM7WwuQOC  and services produced in an accounting year.  In India, the financial year commences from 1 st April and closes on 31st March. 6.Specify the importance of calculating National Income  Can understand the economic growth of the country.  Can assess the contribution of different sectors.  Can help the government plan and implement various projects.  Can compare the economic status of countries 7.Methods of measuring National Income Product Method  This method calculates national income by adding the value of all final goods and services produced in the primary ,secondary and tertiary sectors of an economy in a financial year.  This helps us to identify the contributions made by different sectors towards the National Income and ensure due apportion to each sector. Income Method  In income method, national income is the sum total of the incomes generated by land, labour, capital and organisation in the form of rent, wages, interest and profit.  This method helps us to identify the proportion of income of each factor in the National Income. By income method, we re able to calculate the Gross National Expenditure method  In this method, national income is calculated by adding together all the expenses incurred in the purchase of goods and services to carry out various economic activities.National Income (NI) = C +1 + G + (X-M) 8.Important concepts related to the National Income calculation  GDP is the sum total of the money value of all final goods and services produced within the domestic territory of a country.  'Domestic territory’ denotes a region under the jurisdiction of a national government which has absolute freedom for performing economic activity.  While calculating GDP, the income received by those who work abroad and the profit earned by enterprises and institutions abroad are not included.  For example; the economic gain made by an_ Indian company abroad will not be included in the GDP. Gross National Product (GNP)  India's GNP is calculated by adding the income of Indians and Indian firms abroad to the GDP.  At the same time it excludes the income earned from India by foreign national and foreign firms.  GNP is the sum total of the money value of all final goods and services produced by the residents of a country within the domestic territory and abroad. Net National Product - NNP  When we calculate national income ,we consider depreciation cost.When we reduce depreciation cost from Gross National Product we get Net National Product. 9.Limitations in measuring National Income  Lack of accurate statistical data  Double counting  Non inclusion of goods and services produced for self consumption.  Not including those products whose monetary value is not determined in the market.  Value of household work not included. 10.The share of tertiary sector is more compared to other sectors in GVA of India and GSVA of Kerala. Let's examine and find out why. The reasons are  Programmes implemented for the development of the health and education sector.  The growth of the banking and insurance sector facilitating the country's trade and commerce.  Growth of transport and communication sector  Tourism development  Growth of knowledge-based industries Visit www.shenischool.in To Join our Telegram Group https://t.me/joinchat/VggdwFAM7WwuQOC  11.Growth of Knowledge-based Sector  Human capital refers to the individual traits that are useful in the production process. This includes knowledge, skills, health and education of human resources.  Knowledge-based sector effectively utilises knowledge and technology forattaining economic growth.  Indian information and communication technology has grown to such an extent that it even provides the software services in the international level.  It opens up a great opportunity and possibility for the younger population of India below 35 years 12.What are the factors favourable for fostering the knowledge sector ? Ability to handle foreign languages with ease  Improved scientific and technological growth  Extensive government-cooperative-private sectors  The ever evolving markets which grow day by day-all these helping the development of a knowledge-based sector and to enhance the contribution of the tertiary sector in national income. 13.Organised Sector Unorganised Sector  Registered employment sector  Unregistered employment sector  Permanent jobs ensured  No assurance of permanent job  Comparatively high salary  Comparatively low salary  Job security  Lack of job security 14.Problems faced by the unorganised sector  Unsafe work places Long working hours Low wages , Lack of job opportunities  Backwardnes 15.Prepare a note on Gig platform workers A worker who works outside the conventional employer employee relationship and earns money from it. Features The engage formal contracts with companies when needed The jobs are temporary and must be completed in a time bound manner They can walk in more than one establishment simultaneously They have the freedom to work according to time and situation Through the Sandy Expanse 1.Specify the role of Aravalli mountain in the formation of the Thar Desert? The Arabian Sea branch of the southwest monsoon winds, which enter Gujarat through the western coastal plain, passes parallel to the Aravalli mountain range. These winds do not enter the interior parts of Rajasthan.The chance of rainfall from these monsoons is very low in the western part of Rajasthan.The Thar Desert receives no rainfall as the Aravalli Range blocks the Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest monsoon.The high rate of evaporation and the arid winds in these areas reduce the possibility of rainfall.A region with the same atmospheric conditions for millions of years would naturally become a desert. 2..The natural boundaries of the Thar Desert *North west – Sutlej River Basin *East – Aravali Mountains *South- Rann of Kachchh *West – Indus River Basin 3.GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISION OF THAR DESERT $ The Marusthali- Marusthali is a vast sandy expanse with a few outcrops of bedrock. * The bedrock is composed of gneisses, schists, and granites. Visit www.shenischool.in To Join our Telegram Group https://t.me/joinchat/VggdwFAM7WwuQOC  * The bedrocks in this region indicate that it is the northwestern extension of the Peninsular Plateau. * The average elevation of this region is between 200 and 250 meters above mean sea level. * In general, the eastern part of the Marusthali is rocky while its western part is covered by shifting dunes locally known as Dhrian $ The Rajsthan Bagar- The eastern part of the Thar Desert, up to the Aravali range, is a semi- arid plain known as the Rajasthan Bagar. * The region is drained by several short seasonal rivers originating from the Aravali. * These rivers make agriculture possible in some patches of fertile tracts called Rohi. * The most significant river in this area is the Luni, which is a seasonal river that flows towards the Rann of Kachchh. * The sandy plain to the north of the Luni River is called Thali. 4.MUSHROOM ROCKS * The wind can lift rock particles only up to a certain height depending on their size. Therefore, the rate of abrasion on rocks in the desert is high up to a certain height. The portions of the rocks subjected to high rates of abrasion wear out considerably more. As the rocks wear out in this manner, mushroom-like landforms are formed. These landforms are called Mushroom rocks. Prepared by Vimal Vincent V HST Social Science GVHSS Kaitharam 9847452945 Visit www.shenischool.in To Join our Telegram Group https://t.me/joinchat/VggdwFAM7WwuQOC