Functions of National Bodies in India

The National Human Rights Commission investigates human rights violations, participates in court cases related to human rights, and makes recommendations on improving facilities like jails and rehabilitation centers.

The National Human Rights Commission analyzes international human rights agreements and takes action to ensure compliance with them. It also evaluates the effectiveness of human rights protection systems and suggests improvements.

The primary function of this commission is to ensure that constitutional provisions and laws regarding backward classes are properly implemented and enforced.

This commission reports to the government about the effectiveness of welfare programs for backward classes. It also makes recommendations to address discrimination faced by these communities and seeks justice for them.

Established in 1992, this commission advocates for the equality and rights of women by addressing issues they face in society and proposing legal solutions.

This commission has significant authority to protect women's rights. It submits proposals for legislation to strengthen these rights, advocates for gender justice, and suggests solutions to eliminate inequality and discrimination.

The Election Commission of India is responsible for managing elections, including preparing voter lists, conducting the elections, and enforcing the code of conduct.

This commission recognizes political parties, assigns symbols to them, manages the nomination process, and schedules election dates. It also oversees the counting of votes and declares the results.

This act establishes the framework for parliamentary and state elections in India. It defines constituencies, electoral boundaries, and voter registration. It also outlines the roles of election officials.

This law creates the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) and State Human Rights Commissions. It defines their powers, including investigating human rights violations and making recommendations to improve the situation.

This commission investigates human rights violations, participates in legal cases related to human rights, and suggests improvements to prisons and rehabilitation centers.

This law safeguards women from violence by their partners or family members. It defines domestic violence broadly, encompassing acts that cause harm or insult to women.

Any action that physically, sexually, emotionally, economically, or psychologically harms a woman or causes her fear or danger. This includes verbal abuse, threats, intimidation, or controlling behavior.

An ancient system where goods were exchanged directly for other goods without using money.

The economic value of people's skills, knowledge, and abilities.

The process of increasing human capital through education, training, healthcare, and other investments.

Various elements like Education, Healthcare, Training, Migration, and Access to Information that contribute to the development of human capital.

Steps to improve human resource productivity through enhanced immune systems, hygiene, nutritious food, medical facilities, recreation, and relaxation.

Education increases ability, leads to technological knowledge, promotes skill development, allows for better jobs, higher income, improves quality of life, and ultimately contributes to national progress.

Any intellectual or physical effort undertaken by people for a reward.

Enhancing human resources by providing better health facilities, investing in education, emphasizing skill development, creating a positive work environment, offering better wages, and assuring job security.

A large plateau located in central India, known for its fertile soil and agricultural production. It is surrounded by various mountain ranges, including the Aravali Range in the west.

An ancient mountain range in western India, known for its eroded peaks and valleys. It is a remnant of much older mountains that have been worn down over time.

The Chota Nagpur Plateau is located in eastern India, south of the Rajmahal Hills. It is rich in mineral resources, particularly iron ore, bauxite, manganese, and coal.

The factors influencing the Peninsular Plateau's climate are its tropical location, unique shape, distance from the sea, mountain range orientation, and monsoon wind direction.

A fertile soil type formed from the weathering of basalt rock, rich in nutrients, suitable for cotton cultivation. It is found in the Peninsular Plateau.

A situation where more workers are employed than needed for production, resulting in no increase in output.

Workers choose not to accept available jobs due to dissatisfaction with wages or job type.

Unemployment levels fluctuate based on the ups and downs of the economy.

Natural resources used in production, such as land, water, and minerals.

Human effort used in production, including physical and mental skills.

Man-made resources used in production, such as tools, machinery, and buildings.

The ability to organize and manage resources for production, taking risks and making decisions.

The northwestern region of the Deccan Plateau, composed of volcanic basalt rocks formed by lava flows millions of years ago.

A sector of the economy with registered employment, permanent jobs, relatively high salaries, and job security.

A sector of the economy with unregistered employment, no guarantee of permanent jobs, relatively low salaries, and lack of job security.

Workers in the unorganized sector face several challenges, including unsafe workplaces, long working hours, low wages, limited job opportunities, and overall backwardness.

Workers who operate outside the traditional employer-employee relationship and earn money through temporary contracts.

The Aravalli mountains block the southwest monsoon winds coming from the Bay of Bengal, preventing rainfall in the Thar Desert. The lack of rainfall, combined with high evaporation rates, creates the desert's arid conditions.

The Thar Desert is bordered by the Sutlej River Basin to the northwest, the Aravalli Mountains to the east, the Rann of Kachchh to the south, and the Indus River Basin to the west.

The Marusthali is the largest part of the Thar Desert, characterized by vast sandy plains with some rocky outcrops.

The Marusthali region has bedrock composed of gneisses, schists, and granites, indicating its connection to the Peninsular Plateau.

Changing the Constitution by adding, removing, or modifying parts. This process helps the Constitution adapt to changing social and political needs.

A straightforward amendment made by the Parliament using the same process they use for regular laws. Examples include changing state names or boundaries.

A more complex amendment requiring a supermajority vote from both houses of Parliament. It's used for significant changes like Fundamental Rights.

The most difficult type of amendment, needing a supermajority from Parliament and approval from half the states. Used for things like dividing powers between the Centre and States.

The President has many important responsibilities, including summoning Parliament, appointing key officials like the Prime Minister and Supreme Court judges, and declaring emergencies.

The Supreme Court's primary function is to interpret the Constitution and ensure laws comply, but it also has power to resolve disputes between states and individuals, review lower court decisions, and provide legal advice.

The Prime Minister is the head of the government, forming the Council of Ministers, deciding cabinet members, and acting as a link between the President, Cabinet, and Parliament.

The Lok Sabha is the lower house of Parliament, directly elected by the people. The Rajya Sabha is the upper house, with members elected by state legislative assemblies.