Photosynthesis Summary (PDF)

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Guiding question: What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? Autotrophs produce their own energy using photosynthesis and chemosynthesis Heterotrophs consume other organisms (auto and heterotrophs) How is energy moved in a food chain? Auto produ...

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Guiding question: What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs? Autotrophs produce their own energy using photosynthesis and chemosynthesis Heterotrophs consume other organisms (auto and heterotrophs) How is energy moved in a food chain? Auto produce food, primary consumers (herbivores), secondary consumers (carnivores), scavengers and decomposers (detrivores) consumer the consumers Chloroplasts and parts of a leaf Guiding questions: Where do the stages of photosynthesis occur? Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes, where the chlorophyll is! A stack of thylakoids is called grana. Light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle) occur in the stroma - area outside the thylakoid Guiding questions: In what parts of the leaf does photosynthesis occur? Stoma and mesophyll Xylem and Phloem are the veins that bring water and dissolved glucose to/away from the plant Chlorophyll and pigments Guiding questions: How do pigments play a role in photosynthesis? Pigments in the chloroplasts Absorb light energy which is essential for photosynthesis Pigments are found in the photosystems which are located in the thylakoid membrane Carotenoids absorb sunlight Chlorophyll A and B absorb the light A - absorbs blue and violet range B - red and blue light Green is not absorbed, it’s reflected which is why plants are green ATP and Glucose: Guiding questions: What is the purpose of glucose and ATP? What is the difference between them? ATP is used to create glucose Glucose has more stored energy Light-Dependent Reactions: Guiding questions: What occurs during the light-dependent reactions? What are the reactants and products? Light energy gets converted into chemical energy Water is broken apart (photolysis) - turns into hydrogen ions and oxygen gas NADP+ energizes to become NADPH ADP energizes to become ATP Reactants: Water, NADP+, ADP Products: O2 oxygen gas, NADPH, ATP Light-Independent Reactions / The Calvin Cycle Guiding questions: What occurs during the light-independent reactions? What are the reactants and products? Converts CO2 into glucose Takes place in the stroma Does not require sunlight C3, C4, CAM pathways for carbon fixation Reactants: CO2, NADPH, ATP (energized molecules) Products: Glucose, NADP+, ADP (non–energized molecules) Vocabulary Autotroph - organism that creates its own food through the process of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis Heterotroph - organism that does not produce its own food, but must consume other organisms Detrivore - decomposer, get energy from decomposing organisms Photosynthesis- process of creating glucose from CO2. Autotrophs do this Cellular respiration - process of turning glucose into CO2. All living things do this Chemosynthesis – creating chemical energy used by deep-sea bacteria ATP - adenosine triphosphate, energy carrying molecule ADP - adenosine diphosphate, not energy carrying NADPH - energy carrying molecule NADP+ - de-energized molecule Chloroplast - organielle where photosynthesis takes place Thylakoid - inside the chrloroplast in a stack called grana; light-dependent reactions occur in this membrane Stroma - space in the chloroplast outside the thylakoid, where the Calvin cycle occurs Carotenoids - type of pigment that capture sunlights’ energy as a part of a photosystem Chlorophyll A - pigment in photosystem Chlorophyll B - pigment in photosystem Carbon Fixation- C3, C4, CAM pathways Carbon goes from CO2 to glucose! Organic molecule! Glucose - carbohydrate monomer that is used for energy storage Glycogen - polymer of glucose Phosphate - a form of phosphoric acid, part of Capillaries - thin blood vessels CO2 - carbon dioxide gas - abundant gas in the atmosphere that is a reactant of photosynthesis O2 - oxygen gas which is released a as byproduct of photosynthesis Electron transport chain - passage of energized elections throughout the system, from molecule to molecule Enzyme- protein that helps chemical reactions (speeds up) Example: rubisco Stomata - tiny opening that is controlled by the guard cells to allow CO2 and water to enter the plant cell Xylem - part of the vein in the leaf to bring water to the cells and take away dissolved glucose Epidermis -outside layers of the plant leave where the stomata and guard cells are Phloem - part of the vein in the leaf to bring water to the cells and take away dissolved glucose Grana / Granum - stack of thylakoids in the chlorroplast Mesophyll - part of the leaf where photosynthesis mostly occurs Organelle – part of the cell that has a function, like a chloroplast Photolysis - water breaking apart because of sun’s energy The Photosynthesis Equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → 6 O2 + C6H12O6 (glucose) Modeling Photosynthesis - Edit this drawing! Our Unit Question: How does a tree get its mass?