Sample Questions - PDF

SAMPLE QUESTIONS I- Choose the correct answer of the following: 1. The greatest percentage of the body’s water is in___________ a. the blood plasma. c. the interstitial fluid. b. the intracellular fluid. d. the extracellular f...

SAMPLE QUESTIONS I- Choose the correct answer of the following: 1. The greatest percentage of the body’s water is in___________ a. the blood plasma. c. the interstitial fluid. b. the intracellular fluid. d. the extracellular fluid. 2. Hypertension is likely to increase the secretion of _____ a. atrial natriuretic peptide. c. bicarbonate ions. b. antidiuretic hormone. d. aldosterone. 3. _____ increases water reabsorption without sodium reabsorption. a. Antidiuretic hormone c. Atrial natriuretic peptide b. Aldosterone d. Parathyroid hormone 4. Hypotonic hydration can result from ________ a. ADH hypersecretion. c. aldosterone hypersecretion. b. ADH hyposecretion. d. aldosterone hyposecretion. 5. Concerning urine formation. a. The reabsorption happened in all structures of the nephrone. b. In the filtration, the capillary hydrostatic pressure is more than twice the osmotic pressure of the blood. c. The urine is formed from 96% water. 6. Urine leaves the bladder through the a. ureter. b. urethra. c. loop of Henle. d. collecting duct. 7. During urine formation a. The filtration happens under the effect of four forces. b. The normal urine formed has glucose c. The normal filtrate formed has few proteins 1  d. Aldosterone maintains the Na+ level in the body. 8. Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys? a. Maintaining a constant blood pH. b. Producing urea from protein metabolism. c. Removing metabolic wastes from the blood. d. Regulating the amount of water in the body. 9. Blood is brought to the glomerulus by the ______ a. renal vein. c. efferent arteriole. b. afferent arteriole. d. peritubular capillaries. 10. Filtrate enters the Bowman’s capsule by ________ a. active transport. c. pressure filtration. b. tubular excretion. d. selective reabsorption. 11. Pressure filtration occurs at the _______ a. glomerulus. c. collecting duct. b. loop of Henle. d. afferent arteriole. II: Mark (True) or (False) for each of the following and correct the wrong ones: 1- Reabsorption of water from descending limb of loop of Henle occurs by active transport. (X) 2- ADH activates reabsorption of water from collecting duct of nephrons. (√) 3- Urethra collects urine from the kidney and open into the urinary bladder. (X) 4- Plasma proteins in the glomerulus are equal to those in Bowman’s capsule after blood filtration. (X) 5- Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention and can therefore greatly increases blood pressure. (√) III- Complete: 1. Water produced by the body’s chemical reactions is called metabolic water. 2. The skin loses water by two processes, sweating and transpiration 3. Any abnormal accumulation of fluid in a particular place in the body is called edema 2