Philippine-American War & Cavite Mutiny Review PDF

**Inconsistency** - a state where two facts don't match. Information also may be incoherent in investigations **Controversy** - a discussion marked by expression of opposing views. It is also a result of inconsistent information. **PHIL-AM WAR** **Emilio Aguinaldo -** He started the war Started...

**Inconsistency** - a state where two facts don't match. Information also may be incoherent in investigations **Controversy** - a discussion marked by expression of opposing views. It is also a result of inconsistent information. **PHIL-AM WAR** **Emilio Aguinaldo -** He started the war Started on **Feb 4, 1899**, and ended on **July 2, 1902.** **William McKinley**: The U.S. President during the war, whose administration justified the annexation of the Philippines and the subsequent military actions. **General Arthur MacArthur Jr.**: The commander of U.S. forces in the Philippines, he played a significant role in military operations against Filipino forces. **William H. Taft**: Although not a general, he was appointed as the civilian governor of the Philippines and played a crucial role in post-war governance and reconstruction. **CAVITE MUTINY** **Important Dates:** **January 20, 1872** - date when the Cavite Mutiny began **January 27, 1872** - Izquierdo approved the death sentence of the mutineers **February 17, 1872** - the day the GomBurZa were executed on Bagumbayan **Jose Burgos** - the youngest of the three martyrs of GomBurZa **Mariano Gomez** - the oldest of the GomBurZa **Jacinto Zamora** - the priest who went mad with grief over his execution; believed by many to be a victim of mistaken identity **Jose Zamora** - priest said to openly fight the friars, and the one who was in the Wanted list of the Guardia Civil (labeled as J. Zamora) **Carlos Maria de la Torre y Navacerrada** - governor-general of the Philippines who was welcomed by the Filipinos due to his openness and liberal thinking; had a liberal-thinking mistress but was left childless. **Rafael Geronimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Gutierrez** - governor-general of the Philippines who assumed position after de la Torre resigned; submitted a biased report to the Spanish Government about the events of the Cavite Mutiny, as persuaded by Montero. **Jose Montero y Vidal** - Spanish historian who wrote the book Historia General de Filipinas as the Spanish version of Cavite Mutiny of 1872; narrated the Cavite episode and speaks as a Spaniard bet on perverting the facts at his pleasure and is mischievously partial; exaggerated the mutiny of a few disgruntled native soldiers and laborers into a revolt to overthrow the Spanish rule despite of unsupported by documentary evidence. **Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera** - Filipino doctor who submitted a version of the Cavite Mutiny who aimed for a fairer treatment of the case Fernando La Madrid - Spanish mestizo who declared the small uprising in Cavite **Jaerel Brent Pedro** - La Madrid\'s second-in-command **Felipe Ginoves** - Spanish official who led the capture of the mutineers in Cavite. **Francisco Zaldua** (sometimes as Saldua) - Filipino who stood as witness for the friars, believing that he would be protected; the first to be executed before the GomBurZa. **Sampaloc, Manila** - the place where the feast of La Nuestra Señora de Loreto (Our Lady of Loreto), whose fireworks display were mistaken by La Madrid as a signal for Manila\'s cooperation with his uprising. **Fort San Felipe, Cavite** - site of the mutiny. **José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda** Born on June 19, 1861, at Calamba in Laguna province The day Jose Rizal was executed was on **December 30, 1896.** He cried out, **"Consummatum est"** moments before he was shot. **Leonor Rivera**: Often considered Rizal\'s one true love, she was his cousin and the inspiration for the character Maria Clara in his novel *Noli Me Tangere*. Rizal met **Seiko Usui,** a daughter of a samurai, and he required a translator to converse with her during his entire stay. They met each other in **February 1888** **Josephine Bracken**: A key figure in Rizal\'s later life, Josephine was an Irish woman who became his common-law wife. **Jose Rizal's retraction** **May 18, 1935** - the day Fr. Garcia discovered the \"original\" text of Rizal\'s retraction **December 30, 1896** - Rizal\'s execution at Bagumbayan **Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda** - the National Hero; an ilustrado who sought for reformations in the Spanish rule **Josephine Bracken** - Rizal\'s estranged wife **Vicente Balaguer** - priest who urged Rizal to retract his statements for his safety **Manuel Garcia** - archivist who found Rizal\'s \"original\" letter containing his retraction statement Filipino witnesses who stood by Rizal during his composition of his retraction: **Mariano Martinez Gallegos** - former lieutenant of the Infantry **Juan del Fresno** **Eloy Moure** **The katpunan's cry** **August 23, 1896** - the date of the Cry according to Valenzuela\'s second account **August 24, 1896** - the date of the Cry according to Alvarez\'s account **August 25, 1896** - the date of the Cry according to Oriang\'s and Diaz\'s accounts **August 26, 1896** - the date of the Cry according to Valenzuela\'s first account and Masangkay\'s account **Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco** - granted amnesty to the revolutionists **The Katipunan (Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan**) - the revolutionary group who openly opposed Spanish rule and sought to overthrow it. **Andres Bonifacio** ▪ Leader of the Katipunan ▪ Bourgeois (middle class) ▪ Former bodeguerro (warehouse worker) ▪ Hobbies include hat weaving ▪ Always wears an open coat and dress shirt with tie **Guillermo Masangkay** - a general of the Katipunan who Bonifacio\'s childhood friend was **Santiago Alvarez** - Andres Bonifacio\'s best friend, who diligently wrote down his version of Bonifacio\'s life; not an eyewitness to the Cry itself o **Gregoria de Jesus (aka Oriang)** - wife of the Supremo, and Alvarez\'s relative, who wrote her own version of the Cry, which happened \"somewhere in Caloocan\" **Dr. Pio Valenzuela** - a Katipunan member who wrote two (2) testimonials regarding the location and day of the Katipunan\'s rebellion (due to senescence) : Version 1 stated that the Katipunan\'s Cry happened at Balintawak on **August 26, 1896.** Version 2 stated that the Katipunan\'s Cry happened at Pugad Lawin on **August 23, 1896.**