Early Childhood Education in the Philippines PDF

Lesson 2 Early Childhood Education in the Philippines Joel B. Faustino College of Education Bulacan State University Objectives At the end of this unit, you will be able to: Discuss the beginning of early childhood education in the country. Examine the Philippine educational...

Lesson 2 Early Childhood Education in the Philippines Joel B. Faustino College of Education Bulacan State University Objectives At the end of this unit, you will be able to: Discuss the beginning of early childhood education in the country. Examine the Philippine educational system’s areas of strengths and areas that need improvement. Appreciate early childhood education in the Philippines. Questions: Do you remember the name of the preschool that you attended? How about the name of your teacher? Precolonial Period There was no formal educational system or school. Children received merely vocational training with their parents, tribal tutors, or people with specialized roles in the community like the babaylan. Oral tradition was passing on the community’s stories, songs, poems, dances, and others from generation to generation. Our ancestors used a writing system called baybayin. Spanish Period The Spaniards brought formal education to the Philippines. Spanish missionaries’ first order of business immediately after arriving at our shores was to establish schools. Religious orders (Agustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, and Dominicans) taught the locals Christianity, the Spanish language, and the Spanish culture. The Spanish introduced the printing press and printed books in Spanish and Tagalog, sometimes using baybayin. Spanish Period Studying before Grade 1 was not yet organized. Educated adults in the community served as preschool teachers, teaching children the cartilla for three to six months. Cartilla schooling was not a requirement for Grade 1, but it eased a child’s entry into formal education Spanish Period Formal education started in first grade with students mostly from “bourgeois” families or the Illustrados. Education was mostly religious and used the cartilla and Pagina de la Infancia. Spanish Period In 1863, the government started providing free public education, with the Educational Decree of 1863. There must be at least one primary school for boys and one for girls in each town. Primary education was free and available to every Filipino, regardless of race or social class. American Period Every child was required to register in a school located in their town or province. The students received free school materials. Level of Education: Elementary (four primary years and three intermediate years) Secondary or high school (four years) College or Tertiary American Period Religion was not part of the curriculum. In 1901, Act No. 74 ratified the establishment of highly centralized, experimental public schools. The United States brought 1000 teachers called Thomasites from 1901 to 1902. They established the Philippine Normal School to train aspiring Filipino teachers. American Period The pioneer of preschool education in the Philippines was Harris Memorial School Manila. The kindergarten movement grew particularly among Catholic and Protestant schools. The Bureau of Private Schools listed 129 kindergarten classes with a total enrollment of 6,449. Japanese Period and Post War February 17, 1942, the Japanese Military Administration’s Order No. 2 was set forth, and Japan’s educational policies were laid out. The Commission of Education, Health, and Public Welfare was established, and schools reopened in June 1942. The Ministry of Education was created on October 14, 1943, and schools reserved the teaching of Tagalog, Philippine history, and character education for Filipinos. The schools’ emphasis was love for work and the dignity of labor. Japanese Period and Post War After the war, there was a revival in preschool education, starting with the opening of 61 schools out of the 129 government-recognized kindergartens. In 1948, the first recognized course in kindergarten education was offered in the Philippines by Harris Memorial College. In 1950s, the Superintendent of Teacher Education in the Bureau of Public Schools, Dr. Miguela M. Solis, pushed for government-run preschools. Japanese Period and Post War Government-run Public Preschools Pangasinan Normal School Zamboanga Normal School Dr. Solis would be the director of the National Coordinating Center for the Study and Development of Filipino Children and Youth (NCCSDFCY) in 1945, she would open the Children’s Village to accept kindergarten-aged children. Japanese Period and Post War Play Centers – was introduced by the Assistant City Health Officer of the Manila Health Department Dr. Demetrio Belmonte in Manila in 1956. Ladies’ Association put up the first modern fully- equipped play center at the Kapitan Isidro Mendoza Health Center. Civic organizations such as the Young Ladies Association of Charity, The Rural Improvement Clubs, and The Philippine Women’s Medical Association supported the program. Japanese Period and Post War The Department of Social Welfare included nursery and kindergarten education in its program for children in the mid-1960s. THIRD TO FIFTH REPUBLIC The United States relinquished its authority over the Philippines in 1947, and education saw dynamic changes in the following years. The Department of Education (DepEd) Year Official Name of Department Official Titular Head Legal Basis 1863 Superior Commission of Primary Chairman Educational Decree of Instruction 1863 1901- Department of Public Instruction General Act No. 74 of the 1916 Superintendent Philippines Commission, Jan 21, 1901 1916- Department of Public Instruction Secretary Organic Act Law of 1942 1916 (Jones Law) 1942 – Department of Education, Health, and Commissioner Renamed by the 1944 Public Welfare Japanese Executive Commission, June 11, 1942 The Department of Education (DepEd) Year Official Name of Department Official Titular Head Legal Basis 1944 Department of Education, Health, and Minister Renamed by Japanese Public Welfare Sponsored Philippine Republic 1944 Department of Public Instruction Secretary Renamed by Japanese Sponsored Philippine Republic 1945- Department of Public Instruction and Secretary Renamed by the 1946 Information Commonwealth Government 1946- Department of Instruction Secretary Renamed by the 1947 Commonwealth Government The Department of Education (DepEd) Year Official Name of Department Official Titular Head Legal Basis 1947- Department of Education Secretary E.O. No. 94 October 1975 1947 (Reorganization Act of 1947) 1975- Department of Education and Culture Secretary Proc. No. 1081 1978 September 24, 1972 1978- Ministry of Education and Culture Minister P.D. No. 1397, June 2, 1984 1978 1984- Ministry of Education, Culture and Minister Education Act of 1982 1986 Sports The Department of Education (DepEd) Year Official Name of Department Official Titular Head Legal Basis 1987- Department of Education, Culture and Secretary E.O. No. 117, January 1994 Sports (DECS) 30, 1987 1994- Department of Education, Culture and Secretary RA 7722 and RA 7798, 2001 Sports (DECS) 1994 Trifocalization of Education Management 2001- Department of Education (DepEd) Secretary RA 9155, August 2001 Present (Governance of Basic Education Act) The ECCD Council The ECCD Council The ECCD Council  K to 12 Basic Education A landmark in education is the implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education pushed by then-Senator Benigno Aquino III in 2010. The K to 12 is seen to “give everyone an equal chance to succeed” and “ have quality education and profitable jobs.” Educational Cycle: Kindergarten (1 year) Elementary Education (6 years) Junior High School (4 years) Senior High School (2 years) Assignment As a future teacher, what can you contribute to the betterment of Philippine education? Thank you!