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Questions and Answers
What was the primary reason for the Cavite Mutiny initiated by La Madrid?
Which individual served as the second-in-command during the Cavite Mutiny?
What significant event took place shortly before Jose Rizal was executed?
Which character in Rizal's novel 'Noli Me Tangere' was inspired by Leonor Rivera?
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What was the role of Francisco Zaldua during the Cavite Mutiny?
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Who discovered Rizal's original retraction text?
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What was the main goal of the Katipunan organization?
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Who was urged by Vicente Balaguer to retract his statements?
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Which governor-general granted amnesty to the revolutionists?
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What date did Dr. Pio Valenzuela claim the Katipunan's Cry occurred according to his first version?
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What was one of Andres Bonifacio's hobbies?
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Which of the following individuals was NOT involved in writing accounts of the Katipunan's Cry?
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Who was the estranged wife of Jose Rizal?
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What date marks the beginning of the Cavite Mutiny?
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Who was the governor-general of the Philippines immediately before Rafael Geronimo Cayetano Izquierdo?
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What actions did William McKinley justify during the Philippine-American War?
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Which of the following was NOT one of the GomBurZa martyrs?
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What characterized the discussion around the Cavite Mutiny as per Jose Montero y Vidal's writings?
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Who was the youngest martyr among the GomBurZa?
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Which governor-general was known for his liberal approach and was welcomed by Filipinos?
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What was the primary outcome of the inconsistencies in information during investigations surrounding the Cavite Mutiny?
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Study Notes
Cavite Mutiny
- The Cavite Mutiny was a rebellion of Filipino soldiers and laborers in Cavite in 1872
- The rebellion was led by Fernando La Madrid, a Spanish mestizo, and Jaerel Brent Pedro
- The rebellion was put down by Spanish authorities led by Felipe Ginoves
- The mutiny was used by Spanish authorities to justify the execution of three Filipino priests: Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora, collectively known as the GomBurZa
Jose Rizal
- Jose Rizal was a Filipino nationalist who became known for his novels Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
- Rizal was executed on December 30, 1896, at Bagumbayan.
- Rizal was executed for sedition and rebellion against Spanish rule.
- Rizal's execution was met with widespread outrage and grief amongst Filipinos.
- Leonor Rivera was Rizal’s cousin and considered his one true love.
- Seiko Usui met Rizal in February 1888; a daughter of a samurai, Rizal required a translator to converse with her.
- Josephine Bracken was Rizal's common-law wife; she became a key figure in Rizal's later life.
- Vicente Balaguer was a priest who urged Rizal to retract his statements, believing that it would save his life.
- Manuel Garcia an archivist who found a letter that he claimed was Rizal's "original" letter, containing his retraction statement.
- Filipino witnesses who stood by Rizal during his composition of his retraction: Mariano Martinez Gallegos, Juan del Fresno, and Eloy Moure
The Katipunan
- The Katipunan was a revolutionary group that sought to overthrow Spanish rule in the Philippines.
- Andres Bonifacio was the leader of the Katipunan, he was a bodeguerro (warehouse worker), was known for his charisma, and always wore an open coat and dress shirt with tie.
- Guillermo Masangkay was Bonifacio's childhood friend and a general of the Katipunan
- Santiago Alvarez was Bonifacio's best friend who documented Bonifacio's life; not an eyewitness to the Cry itself.
- Gregoria de Jesus (aka Oriang) was Bonifacio's wife and wrote her own version of the Cry, which happened "somewhere in Caloocan."
- Dr. Pio Valenzuela was a Katipunan member who gave two testimonies regarding the Cry, with inconsistencies regarding the location and date of the rebellion.
The Cry of Pugad Lawin
- An event marking the start of the Philippine Revolution
- Accounts vary on the location and precise date.
- Dr. Pio Valenzuela's first testimony says the Cry took place on August 26, 1896 at Balintawak.
- Dr. Pio Valenzuela's second testimony says the Cry took place on August 23, 1896 at Pugad Lawin.
- Santiago Alvarez's account states the Cry took place on August 24, 1896.
- Gregoria de Jesus (Oriang) and Diaz accounts state it happened on August 25, 1896.
Inconsistency and Controversy
- These inconsistencies in accounts lead to controversy surrounding the event.
- Different accounts challenge the interpretation of the Cry of Pugad Lawin.
The Philippine-American War
- The Philippine-American War was a conflict between the United States and the First Philippine Republic.
- ** Emilio Aguinaldo** started the war on February 4, 1899.
- The war ended on July 2, 1902.
- The annexation of the Philippines was justified by William McKinley's administration.
- General Arthur MacArthur Jr. was the commander of U.S. forces in the Philippines, he was a significant figure in the military operations against Filipino forces.
- William H. Taft played a crucial role in post-war governance and reconstruction, although he was not a general he was appointed as the civilian governor of the Philippines.
The GomBurZa
- Jose Burgos, Mariano Gomez, and Jacinto Zamora were executed in 1872 during Spanish rule in the Philippines.
- The three priests were victims of the aftermath of the Cavite Mutiny.
- The executions of the priests were part of a larger campaign to suppress dissent and nationalism among Filipinos.
- The GomBurZa were considered martyrs by many Filipinos, and their executions were a significant turning point in the Philippine Revolution.
- Jose Burgos was the youngest of the three martyrs
- ** Mariano Gomez** was the oldest of the three martyrs.
- Jacinto Zamora was believed by many to be a victim of mistaken identity; he went mad with grief over his execution.
- Jose Zamora was a priest who openly fought the friars.
Spanish Officials Involved in the Cavite Mutiny
- Carlos Maria de la Torre y Navacerrada was the governor-general of the Philippines who was welcomed by the Filipinos due to his openness and liberal thinking; however, he was left childless.
- Rafael Geronimo Cayetano Izquierdo y Gutierrez was the governor-general of the Philippines who assumed position after de la Torre resigned, and he was persuaded by Montero to submit a biased report to the Spanish government about the events of the Cavite Mutiny.
- Jose Montero y Vidal was a Spanish historian who wrote the book Historia General de Filipinas, his book presented a Spanish-leaning version of the Cavite Mutiny.
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Description
Explore the historical events surrounding the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and the life of the Filipino nationalist Jose Rizal. Understand the factors that led to the rebellion and Rizal's subsequent execution, which sparked outrage among the Filipinos. This quiz delves into the significant figures and consequences of these pivotal moments in Philippine history.
