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REVIEWER FOR PRELIM INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY CONTENT & CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED 1. PRIMARY SOURCES PRIMARY SOURCES IN ➔ Sources that produce at the...

REVIEWER FOR PRELIM INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY CONTENT & CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED 1. PRIMARY SOURCES PRIMARY SOURCES IN ➔ Sources that produce at the PHILIPPINES HISTORY same time as the event, period, or subject being 1. FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE studied. WORLD. ➔ A first-hand or contemporary ➔ Antonio Pigafetta is the account of an event or topic. assistant of Magellan and he ➔ the most direct evidence of a wrote a journal about the time or event because they expedition of Magellan. were created by people or ➔ Our Asian ancestors are the things that were there at the real discoverers of the time or event. Philippines and not Magellan. They found the Archipelago ➔ Ex: bible, the gospel of and settled it centuries Matthew to John since they before Magellan was born. are the eyewitnesses of These people are Negritos, Christ. Indonesian, and Malay. Then ➔ Diaries, letters, Indians, Chinese, Arabs, autobiographies, interviews, Japanese, Thai’s. speeches, oral histories, Cambodians, and other personal narratives, scientific Asians came to our shores data and reports. long before the arrival of the 1. SECONDARY SOURCES Spaniards and other white ➔ Sources which were men. produced by an author who 2. EUROPEANS TRADES WITH ASIA used primary sources to A. In ancient times, long before produce material. the Christian era, Asian ➔ Data that is collected by goods are: someone other than the 1. Silk primary sources. 2. Spices reached the ➔ Ex: dictionaries, markets of Europe. encyclopedias, biography, B. These Asian goods were books that interpret, political transported to Europe commentary, dissertations, through caravan routes by newspaper and so on. Land through sea-routes by 2. EXTERNAL CRITICISM ships. ➔ It is the practice of verifying 3. HOW EUROPEANS CAME TO the authenticity and KNOW ASIA genuineness of the evidence. A. Stories told by crusaders. 3. INTERNAL CRITICISM Christian knights who fought ➔ Examination of the for the holy land. truthfulness of the evidence.  REVIEWER FOR PRELIM B. Tales told by medieval 2. SPANISH EXPLORATION travelers such as: ➔ In 1492, Christopher Marco Polo Columbus discovered the Fr. John Plano America of Spain. Carpini ➔ Between 1499 and 1503 Fr. Odoric of Amerigo Vaspucci explored Pordenone America, which was named after him. 4. FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE IN ➔ In 1513, Balboa discovered 1453 the Pacific Ocean, which he A. Last emperor of named “south sea”. Constantinople was 3. FERDINAND MAGELLAN Constantine XI a Christian REDISCOVERED OF THE monarch. PHILIPPINES. B. Muslim conqueror of Magellan Constantinople is Muhammad II, great ruler of Came to a noble family. the Ottoman Turks. C. Effects of Constantinople’s Birthday February 4, 1480 fall is the closing of the trade Birthplace Ponte De Barca in routes between Asia & Portugal Europe. Parents Ruy Magellan & Alda GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES De Mesquita AND EXPLORATION Educated at King’s court in Lisbon, 1. PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION where INSPIRED BY PRINCE HENRY He served as a page to Queen Eleanor. THE NAVIGATOR. One of his classmates was Francisco ➔ In 1441, Antonio Gonzalves Serrano, his cousin and close friend. reached cape Blanco, Africa 4. MAGELLAN’S MILITARY SERVICE and bought first Negro slaves IN ASIA to Europe. a. In 1505, at the age of 25, ➔ In 1445, Dennis Ferdinand MagellaIn 1505, at age 25, discovered Cape Verde Magellan joined the Islands. exploration of Almeida (first ➔ In 1487, Bartolomew Dias Portuguese viceroy to India). discovered the Cape of Good b. He fought in the battle of Hope. Cananor, Diu, & Malacca. In ➔ In 1498, Vassco da Gama the bloody fight in Malacca, rounded the Cape of Good he saved the life of Francisco Hope and reached Calicut, Serrano. India. Thus Portugal was the c. Promoted captain of troops first European nation to due to bravery. In Malacca, reach Asia.  REVIEWER FOR PRELIM he acquired a Malay slave Concepcion named Enrique. Santiago d. Magellan returned to Lisbon Victoria in 1513. b. The crew – 268 men e. Fought against Moors in Among the crew were Africa, where he was Antonio Pigafetta, Venetian wounded in the left knee & knight who wrote the story of limped for life. the voyage; Duarte Barbosa, 5. MAGELLAN BECAME SPANISH nephew of Diego Barbosa; CITIZEN. Reverend Pedro de a. Magellan was sore at his Valderrama, fleet chaplain; king, Manuel-I of Portugal, and Enrique, Malay slave of who did not give adequate Magellan. rewards for his military 8. WORLD DIVIDED BETWEEN services. SPAIN AND PORTUGAL b. He went to Spain & became a. Rival for world colonization. a naturalized Spaniards. Spain and Portugal c. He lived in Seville at the were both Christian home of Diego Barbosa, a powers. But they Portuguese holding a high were rivals for office in Spain. colonization. d. Magellan married Beatriz b. To prevent war between (pretty daughter of Diego Spain & Portugal, Pope Barbosa). Alexander VI issued the 6. MAGELLAN GIVEN famous Bull of May 4, 1493, COMMANDMENT OF EXPEDITION with the following provisions: THE EAST. A demarcation line a. With the help of Diego was drawn from north Barbosa (his father in law). to south pole passing And Cardinal Fonseca, king's the Atlantic Ocean at adviser, Magellan was able 100 degrees west of to convince King Charles I the Azores Cape (current Emperor Charles V Verde Islands. of Germany to give him All lands discovered command of an expedition to or yet to be the East). discovered west of b. The Portuguese king tried to the line belonged to block the expedition,but Spain. failed. All lands discovered 7. PREPARATION OF THE or yet to be EXPEDITION discovered east of a. The Fleet – five small ships. this line belonged to Trinidad (Flagship) Portugal. San Antonio  REVIEWER FOR PRELIM 9. TREATY OF TORDESILLAS (JUNE World conqueror Conqueror of the 7, 1494) world conqueror ➔ Portugal protested the papal divisions of the world, for it 45 men 1,500 men o gave too many territories to Magellan heard that the kings on the Spain. nearby island of Mactan had decided a. Pope Alexander VI that they would not acknowledge the belonged to the king of Spain nor convert to Christianity. Spanish Borgonia So, Magellan and a small army of family, hence he warriors from Cebu, who had traditional favored Spain rivalries with Mactan, headed to Mactan b. To solve their rival to teach the rebellious Mactans a lesson. claims, Spain & Portugal signed the treaty of Tordesillas. THE CODE OF KALANTIAW Provisions of this 1. MARAGTAS treaty were: ➔ A popular tale involving the ➔ The demarcation line drawn sale of panay to the Malays by Pope Alexander VI was by the chieftain off the said shifted 370 leagues west of island. Cape Verde Islands. Known through a ➔ All lands west of this line book written by Pedro belonged to Spain. ALcantara Monteclaro ➔ All lands east of this line ➔ A Visayan Public Official and belonged to poet in Iloilo in 1907 Portugal. ➔ Written in Hiligaynon and Kinaraya languages. 10. THREE GOALS OF SPAIN ➔ Relates that around 1250 ➔ God – spread of Christianity A.D., ten datus and their ➔ Gold – seek national wealth families left the kingdom of (natural resources) borneo. ➔ Glory – political glory above Code of Kalantiaw. The Code of Portugal (colonization) Rajah Kalantiaw was a purported legal code in the epic history Maragtas 11. THE 7 CONTINENTS that is said to have been written in 1433 ➔ Europe by Datu Kalantiaw, a chief on the island ➔ Asia of Negros in the Philippines. … Philippine ➔ North and Central America history Teodoro Agoncillo describes the ➔ South America code as "a disputed document." ➔ Antarctica ➔ Africa SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT LAWS ➔ Australia AND WARFARE Magellan Lapu Lapu Barangay Derived from ➔ The unit of Balangay  REVIEWER FOR PRELIM 3. EARLY LAWS IN THE Governmen Each has 50-60 t families PHILIPPINES ➔ Maragtas Code (1215) Datu - The leader The Oldest Law of who has immense Panay Island political power ➔ Kalantiaw Code (1433) Buwis - 2nd Code of Criminal tribute Justice. LAW Council of Elders 4. WHAT IS THE CODE OF KALANTIAW? Formulator of the laws PRE-HISPANIC PERIOD of the The people’s commandments barangay. Umalohokan The two (2) left written laws during the Town Crier Pre-Hispanic period.. Laws 1. Maragtas Code Written in 2. The Code of Kalantiaw tablets, stones, or These two are both prepared in Panay. the trunk of The Maragtas Code was written by Datu trees. Sumakwel, one of the chieftains from E.G: Borneo who settled there. As for the Kalantiaw code of Kalantiaw, it was said to have code, been promulgated by the third chief of Sumakwel the Panay and possibly a descendant of code, Datu Sumakwel, Rajah Kalantiaw, in Maragtas 1433. code. 2. EARLY LAWS WORLDWIDE SETTING: ➔ Code of Hammurabi - Babylon (1700 B.C) ➔ Mosaic Code - Israelites (1200 B.C) ➔ Draconian Code - Greece (17th Century) ➔ Hindu Code of Manu - India ➔ Koran - Islamic Society ➔ Law of 12 tables - Romans (451- 450 B.C) KKK AND THE KARTILYA OF THE ➔ Summerian Code - Summer KATIPUNAN (3500 B.C) ➔ Law of Moses - (1500 B.C - KKK 1900 B.C) Meaning: kataas-taasang kagalang  REVIEWER FOR PRELIM galangang Katipunan ng mga anak ng test and a blood compact will bayan. (Highest and the most honorable be done afterwards. society of the children of the nation) It is the most arguably the most CODE OF KARTILYA important organization formed in the Written by Emilio Jacinto who embodies Philippines History. the ideology of the katipunan. Aims: 1. The life that is not spent in the To unite the Filipinos into one service of a great and noble solid nation. cause is like a tree without a To fight for the Philippines shade, or like a poisonous weed. independence from Spain. 2. The good work that is done out of self interest and not for its own sake has no merit. After Rizal’s death, Andress Bonifacio founded a secret society (kkk) on July 7, 3. True Piety consists in doing 1892 in Tondo, Manila for Filipinos to good to others, in loving one's fight for their freedom. neighbor and in making the right reason the rule for every action, Katipunan comes from the tagalog root work and word. word “tipon” 4. All men are equal whether the color of their skin be white or Katipunan divided into 2: black. One man may surpass Magdalo - Baldomero Aguinaldo another in wisdom, wealth or Magdiwang - Andres Bonifacio) beauty, but not in what makes him a man. Members of Katipunan: In 1896, they had 20,000 5. The magnanimous man puts members. honor before self interest; the mean-spirited man, self interest The famous Katipuneros are before honor. Bonifacio, Arellano, Emilio Jacinto and they are the brains of 6. The word of a man of sensibility the Katipunan. The rest is Dr. is as good as an oath. Pio, Valenzuela, Valentin Diaz 7. Do not squander time, for and so on. wealth lost may be recovered, Women also joined the but time that has passed you will Katipunan and they served as not come your way again. guards of the documents of the society. 8. Champion the oppressed and defy the oppressor. Secret initiation of the katipunan: 9. An intelligent person is one Candidate for membership was who is careful with one's words, first blindfolded and entered a and knows how to keep a secret. secret room. He had to pass a  REVIEWER FOR PRELIM Served as the organ of the 10. In this hazardous life, it is the father who is the leader of the propaganda movement. family; if the one leading is Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez, headed toward evil, then those and Marcelo Del Pilar are the following such leaders are led writers of La Solidaridad. into evil as well. Marcelo is the editor of La Solidaridad. 11. The female person should not be looked upon as a mere object Jose and Marcelo have a for amusement; but should be conflict because Rizal is treated with respect and be more on “Pen is mightier recognized as a partner in this than sword” while Marcelo is hazardous life; in being with her, more on violence and remember your mother who gave fighting. birth to you in this life. 2. LA LIGA FILIPINA 12. That which you do not want to be was a secret society founded done to your wife, kids, or by Jose Rizal in 1892. It siblings, do not do unto the wife, aimed to promote Filipino kids, or siblings of others. unity and reforms but unfortunately it was Rizal was a dynamic person... short-lived since Rizal was At first, he was for reform only, arrested by the Spanish and not for revolution. He believes that assimilation is the guards and they brought key to the betterment of the Jose Rizal to Fort Santiago nation. and then Dapitan in When his efforts seemed futile, Zamboanga Del Norte in Rizal's ideology became Mindanao and La Liga revolutionary, as he reflected on Filipina became inactive. the change of tone in El Filibusterismo. 3. PROPAGANDA However, Rizal was not for the refers to the collective effort use of force, he still used his pen of Filipino intellectuals in to fight against the Spaniards. Europe who sought reforms At the end of El Fili, he chose to for the Philippines. La "kill" Simoun because he did not Solidaridad and La Liga want to become like the Filipina were part of this character. movement. 1. LA SOLIDARIDAD 4. THE LAND OF MORRO It is a newspaper published The term "Moro" historically in Spain by a Filipino referred to Muslim reformist. communities in the Graciano Lopez (vice Philippines, particularly in president) founded the Mindanao and nearby patriotic newspaper called La islands. Solidaridad in Barcelona. It represents the cultural and ethnic diversity of these  REVIEWER FOR PRELIM regions, which have a rich history influenced by islam, indigenous traditions, and interactions with other cultures. THE PROCLAMATION OF THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE 1. JUNE 12, 1898 the Philippine declaration of independence was proclaimed in Cavite el Viejo (present - day Kawit, Cavite) was signed by Emilio Aguinaldo Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty (power na nanggagaling sa pilipino) and independence of the Emilio Famy Y. Aguinaldo Philippines Islands from the colonial rule of Spain. March 22, 1869 2. JULIAN FELIPE Born Kawit, Cavite, Captaincy General A musician from Cavite of the Philippines composed a march to be played during the February 6, 1964 (94 years old) independence day ceremony Died 3. “Marcha Filipina Magdalo" Quezon City, Philippines Decided by Aguinaldo to be the official March of the Term January 23, 1899 - March 23, 1901 Philippines. Hilaria del Rosario-Aguinaldo 4. Mrs. Marcela Agoncillo (1896–1921) Sewn the Philippines Flag Wives Designed by Aguinaldo María Agoncillo (1930–1963) 5. Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista prepared and read in First President of the Philippines Spanish the act of the declaration of independence. President of Biak na Bato (November 2 - December 14, 1897) The Philippine Flag Meaning Biak na bato is a Place, Event, and Constitution. President of the Tejeros Revolutionary Government In  REVIEWER FOR PRELIM office (March 22 - November 1, 1897) Gregorio Del Pilar. Standing behind Miguel and to his right is Pedro Paterno. Dictator of the Dictatorial Government In office According to historian Teodoro (May 24, 1898 - June 23, 1898) Agoncillo, the pact was made up of three documents which together The Vice President of Emilio came to be known as Aguinaldo is Mariano Trias the Truce of Biak-na-Bató and which The Prime minister of Emilio provided, among other Aguinaldo is Apolinario Mabini Things: That Aguinaldo and his Binenta Pilipinas sa halagang companions would go into 8,000 voluntary exile abroad. Pumatay kay Andres Bonifacio That Governor-General Primo de First Corrupt Rivera would pay the sum of 283,000 - armas P800,000 to the rebels in three First President na nagpatupad ng installments: Martial Law. $400,000 (Mexican) to Aguinaldo upon his departure from Biak-na-Bató, $200,000 (Mexican) when the arms surrendered by the revolutionists amounted to 800 stand, and The remaining $200,000 (Mexican) when the arms surrendered amounted to 1,000 stands, Te Deum in the Cathedral in Manila as thanksgiving for the restoration of peace. Type Peace treaty, General Primo de Rivera would pay the Amnesty additional sum of P900,000 to the families of the non-combatant Signed December 14, 1897 Filipinos who suffered during the armed conflict. Location San Miguel, Bulacan in Luzon Island, Philippines Kasunduan sa Paris Signatories Spain, Biak na Bato Pormal na isinuko ng mga kastila sa Languages Spanish, Tagalog mga amerikano ang pamamahala ng Pilipinas, Guam at Puerto Rico. Filipino revolutionaries exiled to Hong Nagayad naman ang pamahalaang Kong. Sitting on Emilio Aguinaldo's right Amerikano ng halagang $20,000,00 is Lt. Col. Miguel Primo de Rivera, bilang kabayaran sa mga nasirang nephew and aide-de-camp of Fernando ari-arian ng Espanya sa mga nasabing Primo Rivera and Father of Jose Antonio lugar. Walang kinatawan ang mga Primo Rivera, who was held hostage Pilipinong sa nasabing kasunduan. until Aguinaldo's indemnity was paid. Kasabay nito, ipinahayag ni Pang. Standing behind Aguinaldo is Col. William Mckinley ang Benevolent  REVIEWER FOR PRELIM Assimilation. provides for a parliamentary system, with the president Mock Battle of Manila elected by the Assembly and special representatives, lasting 4 Upang maiwasan ang Kahihiyan, lihim years. na nakipagkasundo ang mga Kastila sa mga Amerikano na magkaroon ng isang Drafted the Malolos Constitution: kunwaring laban kung saan susuko ang 1. Felipe Calderon mga Kastila sa mga Amerikano. 2. Apolinario Mabini Matagumpay na nasakop ng mga 3. Pedro Paterno Amerikano ang Intramuros at hindi pinayagan ang mga Pilipino sa nasabing The republic had three branches of laban. (1898) government Mock Battle of Manila Bay 1. Legislative (August 13, 1898) It has the power to elect the President and the It was already pre-planned from chief justice of the the time the first gun would be supreme court. fired as well as to what time the Authorized to make laws, guns would stop firing. alter, and repeal them To prevent Manila from falling to through the power vested the hands of Emilio Aguinaldo in the Philippine The Fall of Manila to the Congress. American forces on August 13, 2. Executive 1898 marked the start of It was the head of the American colonization of the state and was duly Philippines. elected by the legislative body. Reasons why Americans wants our responsible for the country implementation of laws and policies adopted by 1. Natural Resources the legislature 2. Strategic position (for third world composed of the war) President and the Vice 3. World Power (used as re-fueling President who are elected station by direct popular vote and Philippines 2 Independence serve a term of six years. July 4, 1964 - June 12, 1898 The Constitution grants the President authority to Transition of Philippines Government appoint his Cabinet. 3. Judiciary Malolos Congress The judicial power was Approved the Malolos Congress vested in the supreme Adopted the Malolos Constitution court and all other lower Malolos Constitution courts provided by law. Drafted by Felipe Calderon Influenced by the constitution of A Glance at Selected Philippine 7 countries namely: As stated, the constitution Political Caricature in Alfred  REVIEWER FOR PRELIM McCoy’s Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era (1900-1941) Emillio Aguinaldo 1 Social Economic Activities Public Schools were built and Thomasite teachers taught the American way of life. 1898 - 1902 American Occupation The Americans used education Manuel L. as a vehicle for its program of Quezon 2 benevolent assimilation. American soldiers were the first teachers. Restore damaged school 1935 - 1944 houses, build new ones and conduct classes. Trained teachers replaced soldiers Filipinos warmly received their Jose P. Laurel 3 new teachers, Thomasites. American teachers infused their students with the spirit of democracy and progress as well 1943 - 1945 as fair play. Commonwealth A traditional English term for a political Sergio Osmeña community founded 4 for the common good. Historically it has sometimes been synonymous with "republic". The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare general good 1944 - 1946 or advantage" transition period , preparatory period. President of the Philippines Manuel Roxas 5 1946 - 1948  REVIEWER FOR PRELIM Elpidio Quirino Corazon or Cory 6 Aquino 11 1948 - 1953 1986 - 1982 Ramon Magsaysay Fidel V. Ramos 7 12 1954 - 1957 1992 - 1998 Carlos P. Garcia 8 Joseph Estrada 13 1957 - 1961 1998 - 2001 Diosdado Gloria Macapagal Macapagal Arroyo 9 14 1961 - 1965 2001 - 2010 Ferdinand Emmanuel Benigno Aquino Edralin Marcos III 10 15 Sr. 1965 - 1986 2010 - 2016  REVIEWER FOR PRELIM Housing Projects Restorations - Intramuros, Luneta Park, etc.. Rodrigo Duterte Philippines International 16 Convention Center Makiling Center for Arts (National Arts Center) 2016 - 2022 Malacanang ti Amianan (Laoag) Nayong Pilipino Museum for Native Art (Tacloban) Palace in the Sky (Tagaytay) Bongbong Government Buildings Marcos 17 Second President who declared Martial Law: In September 1972 Marcos declared martial law, claiming that it was the last defense 2022 - 2028 against the rising disorder caused by increasingly violent About Ferdinand Marcos Sr. student demonstrations, the alleged threats of communist President. Ferdinand Marcos was insurgency by the new elected president in 1965, defeating Communist Party of the incumbent Diosdado Macapagal by a Philippines (CPP), and the very slim margin. During this time, Muslim separatist movement of Marcos was very active in the initiation the Moro National. of public works projects and the intensification of tax collections. Marcos and his government claimed that they The assassination of Benigno Aquino "built more roads than all his Jr. predecessors combined, and more Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr., a former schools than any previous Philippine senator, was assassinated on administration." Amidst charges of vote Sunday, August 21, 1983, on the tarmac buying and a fraudulent election, Marcos of Manila International Airport (now was re-elected in 1969, this time named Ninoy Aquino International defeating Serg. Ormena Jr. Airport in his honor). A longtime political Development of Infrastructures: opponent of President Ferdinand Buildings: Marcos, Aquino had just landed in his Hospitals home country after three years of Specialty Hospitals - Philippines self-imposed exile in the United States Heart Center, Lung Center, when he was shot in the head while Kidney Institute, Philippine being escorted from an aircraft to a Children Hospital vehicle that was waiting to transport him Schools to prison. Also killed was Rolando Power Plants - geothermal Galman who was accused of murdering plants, hydroelectric plants Aquino. Rolando Galman works for An international airport Eduardo Conjuango who is Cory Aquino's cousin.  REVIEWER FOR PRELIM Edsa Revolution and the Philippine at the start of a long road to Revolution of 1986 recovery. So Aquino lodged an appeal for (also known as the Power People help. Addressing the House, she Revolution) was a series of popular delivered a historic speech that demonstrations in the Philippines that managed to sway in our favor the began in 1983 and culminated in 1986. vote for an emergency The methods used amounted to a $200-million aid appropriation. In sustained campaign of civil resistance the moving speech penned by against regime violence and electoral her speechwriter (and our current fraud. This case of nonviolent revolution ambassador to the United led to the departure of the President Nations) Teddy Locsin, Jr., Ferdinand Marcos and the restoration of Aquino defended her the country’s democracy. It is also reconciliatory stand on the referred to as the Yellow Revolution due communist insurgency—a to the presence of yellow ribbons during sensitive issue in the U.S., given the demonstrations and the arrival of the that this was 1986—and asked assassinated Benigno Aquino Jr. for financial aid towards rebuilding the Philippine Snap Election economy. The elections were held on February 7, Analysis of Aquino’s Speech 1986. The official election canvasser, the Commision on Elections (COMELEC), Ten days later, on January 16, 1986, declared Marcos the winner. The final Aquino delivered her second major tally of the COMELEC had Marcos speech in Davao and said, winning with 10,807,197 votes against "Land-to-the-tiller must become a reality Aquinos's 9,291,761 votes. instead of an empty slogan." Revisiting Corazon Aquino’s Speech In the same speech, Aquino also said, Before the U.S. Congress "you will probably ask me: Will I also apply it to my family's hacienda Luicita? When former President Corazon My answer is yes." Aquino spoke before a joint This campaign promise would haunt her session of the United States for many years to come. To this day, It Congress in September of 1986, haunts her son. the dust was only beginning to settle. It was her first visit to America since the dictator Ferdinand Marcos had been deposed in February of the same year, and the Philippines was reckoning with everything his administration had inflicted. That included $26 billion in total foreign debt, and a communist insurgency that grew, throughout the Marcos era, from 500 armed guerillas to 16,000. We were just