RPH-MODULE 1-2 PDF - Readings in Philippine History

GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History...

GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History Batangas State University Lesson Proper Lesson 1 History: Introduction and Historical Sources A. Definition History refers to the studyand interpretation by a historian on the data and other source of the past human activity, people, societies and civilizations leading to the present day. There are three important concepts in the definition. First history as we all know is based on past events. Second it is interpreted by someone usually by historian. They gather, discard and interpret the sources that they encounter. And finally and the most important history rely on data and documents which historian call as historical sources. B. History's Subject Matter Like other social science the subject matter of history is the life of people and humanity. But history has always been known as the study of the past. While this definition of history is not wrong, it is inco incomplete. Etymologically, the word history came from the Greek word Historia which means mquy. uiry, Clearly the word Historia does not mean past events. It dehotes asking question r tion of th investigation of the past done by person raincd to do so or by persons who senila are interested in human past. We can say that historical account must be based on all available relevant evidence. Therefore a version of the past that cannot be supported by the evidence is worthless. Ever heard the taong-ahas story? The half human, half snake creature that supposedly stalked the ladies room of one of the department store in Manila. The most famous victim of this creature was supposedly the actress Alice Dixson. It happened three decades ago when Alice Dixson was only 21 years old. Because it happened in the past, would that story qualify a history? Or would that story classify as gossip or urban legend? C. History and the Historian Historian is an expert or student of history, especially that of a particular period, geographical region or social phenomenon. There are many duties of a historian. These historians seek not only historical evidence and facts but also to interpret these facts. He also gives meaning to these facts and organizes them chronologically. A person who must be able to recognize the evidence, decide how useful it is and come to conclusion based on what he has found out. The historian therefore is responsible for reconstructing the past. According t Gottschalk, historian is many times removed from the events under investigation. He added that only a part of what was observed in the past was remembered by those who observed it, only part of what was remembered was recorded; onlya part of what was recorded has survived, only a of what was survive has come to the historian attention Moreover only a part of what is part credible has been grasped, and only a part of what has been grasped can expounded or narrated by the historian. Module| Technical Working Comnine | 2020 Page|3 Downloadedby Gwayne Lawrence Magbuhos (gwaynemagbuhos3@ gmail.com)  GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History Batangas State University Some authors define history as a study of historical perspective. In reconstructing the past, a historian can be subjective; after all he is human, fallible and capable error. People's memories are filled with bias, self righteouSness, pride, vanity, spinning, obstruction and outright lies. Each has his own frame of reference ora set of interlocking values, loyalties assumptions interest and principle of action. The historian is influenced by his own environment, ideology, education and influence. His interpretation of the historical fact is affected by his context and circumstances. It's like the Indian parable of an elephant and the blind men, historians have different historical perspective. It's a Fan It's a Wall! It's It'sa Spear! Rope! It's It's a a Snake Tree! Because certain events happened so long ago and because sometimes the evidence i incomplete, historians have different approaches and views about what happened in the past. This is the subjective nature historian claims an event happened a certain way, of history, one while another disagree completely. The best approach is to do all we can to reconstruct as fully as possible our picture of the past. To do this, most scholars use historiography or what they call history of history. Historiography is the study of how history was written, by whom and why i was recorded as such. It is concerned with how historians have presented history. Interpretation about the past can be objective or true as long as they are free of inherent contradictions, are not contrary to the laws of nature and are based on actual remains from the time period referred to There should also a scientificdiscourse among historians on a particular controversial event. If an idea that say Jose Rizal retracted on being a mason stand up to the critique of historian who are the skeptical of his retraction then the idea must be true. One big advantage of historiography is that the liars ofhistory are usually quite transparent. Another way for a historian to be objective is to follow the historical method.It is the core protocols historians" use for handling sources. An agreed ground rules for researching and writing academic research or professional history. An objective historian must verify sources, te date them, locate the place of origin and identify their intended functions. It is important for a historian to base their accounts on source materials. Module| Technical Working Committee | 2020 Page|4 This document is avalable free of charge on studocu Downloaded tby Gwayne Lawrence Magbuhos (gwaynemagbuhos3@ gmail com)  GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History Batangas State University D, Soureesof History Historical sources are tangible remains of the past. It is an object from the past or testimony concerning the past on which historians depend in order to create their own depiction of the past. There are three kinds of sources namely:primary, secondary, and tertiary source Primary sources A primary source is a testimony of an individual who was a participant in or a direct witness to the event that is being described. It is a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under a study. Those sources were present during an experience or time period and offer an inside view of a particular event. Primary sources are characterized by their content, regardless of whetherthey are available in original format, in microfilm, in digital format or in published format. There are five records, oral statements, relic: main im categories baue :Theof primary sources. most common are written sources or documents. most beon nroduond in wri It includes written sources, numerical Th written or nrinted materials thot n C ther sometime re in as travaloe materials such h cription Ps ney may be published autobiographies, journals or newspapers (La Solidaridad). They can be also in manuscript form or any handwritten or type record that has not been printed. Example of these is archival materials, memoirs,diary, personal letter or correspondence. The next category is the numerical records which include any type of numerical data in printed or handwritten form. The third category is oral statements which include any form of statement made orally by an eyewitness. I maybe through video recordings, audio recordings, or transcribed. Anothercategory is the relics or any objects whose physical or visual characteristics can provide some information about the past. These include artifacts, ruins and fossils. The last category of primary sources is the images.It includes photograph, posters, paintings, drawing cartoons and maps. Primary sources: Writtensources ANTONIo FIGAFETTA THE FIRST VoYAGE AROUND THE WORD Travelogue Module| Technical Working Comnittee 2020 Page |5 Downlaaded by Gwayne Lawrence Magbuhos (qwaynem [email protected])  GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History BatangasState University la Solidaridad Quineenario demoerático Newspaper VOCABVLARIGo LENGVA TAGALA. YEARAX AD0 POR VARos Gos P.IVAN DE NocEDA, L DR SAN LVCAL DEDIUeRA AL. GLD! 1GNACIO DE LOYOLA, s. PYDADO Archival material Emilio Aguinaldo (1964) Mga Gunita ng Hima Himagsikan Comnission Module| Technical Working Commitee 2020 Page6 This documentis available free of charge on studocu Downloaded by Gwayrne Lawrence Magbuhos ([email protected])  GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History Batangas State University Memoir Primary source: Numerical Records GDP growth rate (in percent) Printed numericalgraph Primary source:Oral statements "My day was a scaryone. There was apatient whose earlobes were so long...he had first no nose,only tvo holes on his face,and no fingers, only the palm of his hands...the other patients were indifferent stages of deformity." Sr. Maria Luisa Montenegro,SPC 1940 Oral statementof an eyewvitness to the Culion Leper Colony A person interviewing an eyewitness Module| Technical Working Committee | 2020 Page|7 Downloaded by Gwayne Lawrence Magbuhas ([email protected])  GEd 105 Primary source: Relies Artifacts (Balanginga Bells) Ruins Module| Technicat Working Commitee t 2020 Page|8 This document is avalable free of charge on studocu Downloaded by Gwayrne Lawrence Magbuhos ([email protected])  GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History Batangas State University runal Fossil (Callao man) Primary sources: Images Photograph (Bud Dajo Massacre) Module| Technical Working Commitee 2020 Page9 Downloaded by Gwayne Lawrence Magbuhos (gwaynem [email protected])  GEd 1 12/97 Readings Batangas Painting Cartoon Tangvan Sala TaalLipa, Be lalyan Taal Balangan SPedrino Map (MurilloVelarde map c.1734) Secondary Sources A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one o more steps removed from the event. It is prepared by an individual who was not direct witness te an event, but not who obtained his or her description of the event from someone else. Secondary sources may have pictures, votes or graphics of primary sources in them. Some types of secondary sources are history textbook,printed materials (serials or periodicals which interpret previews research), biographies, nonfiction text such as newspaper, magazine, journals, works of criticism and interpretation. Tertiary Source The last kind of sources is the tertiary source. It provides thid hand information by reporting ideas and details from secondary source. An eyewitness is more reliable than testimony Module| Technical Working Commitee | 2020 Page| 10 This documernt is velable free of charge on studocu Downloaded by Gwayne Lawrence Magbuhos (gwaynem agbuhos3@gmal com) GEd 105 Raten e story at second hand, which is more reliable than hearsay or tertiary sources. This does not mean that tertiary sources have no value, merely that they include potential for an additional layer of bias. Some examples of this kind of source are encyclopedia, almanac, Wikipedia, YouTube, dictionaries, message boards, social media sites and other search sites.  GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History Batangas State University Lesson 2 Historical Criticisms Objectives 1. Provide ideas that guide the discipline history of 2. Develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources 3.Evaluate primary sources for their credibility, authenticity and provenance 4.Opportunities to improvecritical thinking Lesson Proper A. Definition It is also known as the historical- critical method, Historical ceriticism is a branch of criticism that investigates the origin of text or source in order to understand the word behind the text. The primary goalofhistorical criticism is to discover the text primitive or original historical context and its literal sense. The secondarygoal seeks establish a reconstruction of historical situation of the authorand recipients of the text. Moreover, in order for source to be used as evidence in history, basic matters about its form and context must be These are two types settled. of historical criticism namely:external criticism (investigates the documents form)and internal criticism (investigates the content of the documents). B. AdditionalGoal of Historical Criticism Historical criticism seeks greater understanding of the texts by analyzing the historical and social contexts in which they developed. The goalof historical criticism, traditionally, has been to try to understand meaning in its original context and to answer questions about the text's the text, such as: Who wrote it? When was it written? What else what happening at the time of its writing? How did it come to be in the form we have it today? What did it mean to the people who first read or heard it? Historical eriticism has also often soughtanswers to the ever-elusive question of what i called "authorial intent": What did the author intend for this text to mean in his or her time and place? (http://queergace.com/historical-criticism) C. External Criticism This type of criticism looks for the obvious sign of forgery or misrepresentation. This type of criticism tests the authenticity of the sources. It is interested in the writing styles of the eyewitness and his ignorance of the facts.The historian also analyzes the original manuscript; its integrity, localization and the date it was written. To ascertain if a particular data is fabricated, forge, fake, corrupted or a hoax, that source must undergothe test of authenticity. Since external criticism is concern with the explicit sign of misrepresentation, it is the first test the historian employ to ascertain sources validity. D.Testof authenticity Modulel Technical Working Comnittee I 202Xo Page| 12 This document is available free of cherge on studocu Downloaded tby Gwayne Lawence Magbuhos (gwaynemagbutos3@ gmailcom)  GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History BatangasState Uiversity The first step to test a source is to determine the date of document to see whether it i anachronistic. Anachronism means out of time or order, something that could not have been there at that particular time. It could be a person, thing or idea placed in a wrong time. Being able to spot anachronism is important because it helps us test the reliability of a source. Ifasourceis unreliable then we probably should not use.Example can be found in it Rizal's allegedly first poem "Sa Aking Mga Kabata" where we could find the word "kalayaan". Rizal admitted that he first encountered the word though a Marcelo H. Del Pilar's translation of Rizal's essay El Amor " Patrio". Rizal wrote this essay in 1882 while the poem supposedlywas written by him in the year 1869, The second step is to determine the author's handwriting, signature or seal. We can compare the handwriting of particular author to his other writings. Obvious sign of forgery e revealed in include hesitation by the e swritinn patch Nriting ink blobs, Pauses mor causing noor lin anc hlw skilled quality a sures. However, some people are highiy handwriting. Even a skilled forger can be caught because the act of writing is a skill is learne intil it through repetition until becomes a habit. Thus, there is natural variation in everyone handwriting. In addition, no one can duplicate all of the intricate subconscious writing habits of another in an extended writing sample. Example of this is the handwriting in the alleged retraction letter of Jose Rizal. The third test in determining the authenticity of the source is by looking for the anachronistic style. In this test we will examine idiomatic expression or the orthography used in the documents. An idiom is an expression, word or phrase that has a figurative meaning conventionally understood by native speakers. When we say "break a leg' we all know that i means good luck. Orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language. It includes norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks, emphasisand punctuation. When the poem Sa Aking Mga Kabata was allegedly written in 1869, most Philippine language was widely written in a variety of ways based on Spanish Orthography: Early Tagalog System (taken from Docirina Christiana,) Ama namin, nasa Langitca, Ypasamba Mo ang Ngalanmo. Mouisaamin ang pagcaharimo. Ypasonor mo ang loob mo Dito sa lupa para sa Langit. Modern Filipino orthography Ama namin,sumasalangit Ka, Sambahín ang Ngalan Mo. Mapasaamin ang kaharián Mo. Sundinang loób Mo Dito sa lupà, para nang sa langit. https:/en.wikipedia.org/wikiEilipino orthography Module| Technical Warking Comnitee | 2020 Page|13 Downlaaded by Gwayne LawrenceMagbuhos (gwaynemagbuhos3@ gmal.com)  GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History Batangas State University The fourth test is the anachronistic reference to events. For example if the event cited in the document is prior to the actual event, then the document must be forge or fake. The fifth test of authenticity is the provenanceor custody of the document. Provenance is the place of origin of earliest known history of documents. It traces the roots of any source. The other two test of authenticity is the semantics and hermeneutics. Semantics is the linguistie study of meaning, In this test semantics determine the meaning of the text and words of the source. We may ask: is the meaning of the statements different from its literal meaning? Hermeneutics on the other hand is theory and methodology of interpretation. Hermeneutics more than interpretation or method used when immediate comprehension fails. In historical criticism wedetermine ambiguities which are a word or expression that can be understood in two or more possible ways. Historians may look also if the statement is meant to be ironic (ie. mean other than what it says). E. Internal Criticism This type criticism looks for deeper or more intense study of sources. Usually historians first apply external criticism before undergoing the test of credibility because lie internal criticisn mplicit character s important document must be verisimi that the isimilar close as what really happened from a n ofbe critical examination of best avalable resourceS, tretes o the accuracy of the content of a document. Internal criticism has to do with what the document says. It investigates the content or substance of a document and the author's point of view. This type of criticism tests the credibility of the source. E.Test of Credibility The first step is the identification of the author. determines if the witness is reliable or if It he is consistent by comparing his other works. In this steps historian also examine the mental processes of the witness, if he is capable of telling the truth, or if he is mentally challenge. Finally we will look for his personal attitudes, if he is telling something beyond what he saw or bragging about Many historian use some kind of rubric to test the credibility of the author. it. The second step in testing the credibility the eyewitness is to determine the of approximate date. Example of this is again Rizal's poem "Sa aking mga kabata". He wrote that poem when he is only eight years old and that poem is with rhythm and meter. To think that when Rizal was 8 years old the primary education in the Philippines was nonexistent. The third step in testing the credibility of the source is its ability to tell the truth. Historians examine how near an eyewitness is to the event. The closer a source is to the event which it purports to describe, the more one can trust to give an accurate historical deseription it of what actually happened Historian also look for the competence of the eyewitness. Basically they look for the background of the author like education, health, age or social status. The last test for this step is the degree of the attention of the eyewitness. Whether the sources witness the event only partly or he witnesses the event from the start to finish. if Module| Technical Working Commitee | 2020 Page| 14 This document is availablefreeof cherge on studocu Downloaded by Gwayne Lawrence Magbuhos ([email protected]) GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History Batangas State University The fourth step is the willingness to tell the truth. If the eyewitness is coerced, forced or somebody threaten him to tell somethingthen his account is not valid. If the eyewitness wants to hide something for personal reason The last step is to look for corroboration. This particular step rest upon the independent testimony of two or more reliable sources. The words independent must be emphasize. testimony For instance, if the soldier who fought the battle, a general who oversaw the battle and a doctor who treated those wounded who fought the battle, all recorded the same fact or all agree about an event, historians consider that event proven. Intended Learning Outcomes 1. Analyze the context,content and perspective of different kinds of sources Main Topic II: Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected o Primary Sources Objectives To properly interpret primary sources through examining the content and context of the documents 2 To familiarize oneself with the primary documents in different historical periods of the Philippines kinds of primary sources in o determne the contribution of different 4. To learn history through primary sources Lesson Proper A. Background of the Author/Creator First the researcher must provide brief biographical sketch of the author or ereatorof the primary source. Family nily background, educational attainment, religion and many others shall be given priority in presenting the biography of the author. Special attention must also be given t the first four steps of the test of libility discussed in the previous module. B. Background of the Document/Primary Source Basic background of the source like the type of primary source, how many parts or chapter, how long is the document shall be given attention. Next is to locate where the primary source can be found. The repository of primary sources may be found in the library, archive, museum, historical societyor specialcollection of private individuals. To check the authenticity of the provenance or origin of the said the source, check document. Determine also the intended audience or the people the author wants to convey their ideas with. If it is a letter the recipient in the address will be the audience while if it is a diary the author is the audience. While it is easy to determine the audience of the aforementioned sources, most of the time you have to guess. What to do? A researchermust find out who are the creator and the time of creation. Most of the sources have unique type of audience like academic journal fo Next task is to look for the purpose or motive of the source, How do you discover the purpose or the reason it was originally made? First understand the historical context, Next is to Module| Technical Working Committee | 2020 Page| 16 This document is available free of charge on studocu Downloaded by Gwayne Lawrence Magbuhos (gwaynem [email protected])  GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History Batangas State University do a background research. Then look at important historical event at the time the source was made. Finally ascertain intended audience. C. Content Analysis of the Important Historical InformationFound in the Document First look for corroboration between the research you gather from the internet and the primary sOuree that your instructor has givento you. They may not use exact the same word or Look also if vour source aerees with information from another source. Attention also must be the given to the intended audience and purpose. Next, in order to analyze the primary source, look for bias. There is a bias when a source's information is unbalance or prejudiced. There are two kinds of bias: either it is strongly positive (strongly in favor of) or strongly negative (strongly against). Ifyou're looking for a bias in written sourceyou'll need to find word choices that are extremein their description. If it is a visual source you're looking for a depiction that is clearly exaggeration (seethe example of cartoon in module 1). Most of theprimary sourcewe will encounter is written documents so we will focus our attention to that kind of primary source. How can we find bias in word choices? If it is too positive that provides little is an extreme positive bias. negative infornmation then there ( https:/Axww.youtube.com/watch2y 95FQZhtpwcs) Example of this is the Gunita ng Himagsikan Emilio Aguinaldo. It too much negativity that provide little positive information of on the person, then there is extremenegativity. Example of this is the Filipino Grievances Against General Leonard Wood. If the document is silent or when the source intentionally leaves the Declaration of the Philippine IndependenceThe author of this document intentionally leaves important information about the Katipunan. The last if is there areobvious errors or when the source provides information that you know to be false from alternative sources. How do you point out the biasin your analysis? First provide a direct quote. Then explain the creator's perspective and lastly explain the creator purpose. (https:/www.youtube, com/watch?y 95FQZhtpwes) Next is to analyze the historical perspective or a point of view a creator describe the event. To accomplish this, do a backgroundcheck the author with regards to his nationality, of social status, political persuasion, cultural background, religion or education. Last task is to analyzethe historical context of the document. Context is the awareness that sources were created at times which were very different to our own. Historical empathy understands the past without judging it by modern standards. To determine historical context, we must look when the source is made (preferably the exact date), Next is where was it created. Third, what event occurred at the time and then read the source to identify specific language D. Contributionand Relevance of the Document in Understanding the Grand Narrative of Philippine History In this activity look for the cause and consequences of the primary sources. A cause is a person or thing that makes something happens while a consequences is a direct result of the cause. Example is the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan. That event is the cause while being converted to Catholicism is the effect or the consequence. In this part of the analysis look also for the turning point or dramatic moment of change that was cause by the event or primary source. Module Technical Working Comittee 2020 Page| 17 Downloaded by Gwayne Lawrence Magbuhos ([email protected])  GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History Batangas State University E. Relevanceof the documents to the present time. Look for the historical significance or what modern pecople consider to be important from the There are many events in our history past. we have to choose but few people, events or ideas to focus on. Since significant is a decision we make, means different people can decide it different thing are particularly the most important. They can disagree also the reason why particular event is important. How to determine significance of the event? We have to follow the acronym NAME or Novelty, Applicability, Memory and Eftect. Novelty or when something is new or never been seen before. Example is when Cory Aquino became President; it is significant because she is the irst Temale president of the Philippines. Applicability or when it is similar to the present. The it has been remembered over time The tynhoon Yolanda is remembered hecause it is the strone est weather disturbance that hit the country. Lastly the Effect or how people have been affected. Taal Volcanic Eruption is significant particularly in Batangas area because many were affected. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v-6EWIZzuQ-3Y) Example of Content and Contextual Analysis Type of Primary Source: Images Painting Juan Luna's The Parisian Life Background of the Author -Juan Luna (1857-1899) He was born on October 24, I857 in Badoc llocos Norte. He is the third among seven children of well to do couple Joaquin Luna ad Laureana Novicio. a He took the Bachelor of Arts in Ateneo de Municipal and Marine Transportation (sailor) from Escuela Nautica de Manila. He took drawing lesson from Lorenzo Guererro and Agustin Saez,He went to Europe in I877 and took painting lessons in Escuela de Bellas de San Fernando (Madrid)but dropped out to work with the painter Alejo Vera. With the opening of Exposicion National de Ballas Artes I878, his artistic talent was established. From them on, Luna became engrossed in painting and produced a collection o painting that he exhibited from several expositions from 188I, He won a gold medal from Madrid Exposition for his Spoliarium while after his death in 1904 The Parisian Life won the silver mcdal at the St. Louis (USA) Exposition, In 1883 Luna started the painting Blood Compact to fulfill his pensionado obligation from the Ayuntamiento(ManilaCouncil). He also developed a friendship with the king of Spain so that the Spanish Senate commissioned the painting La Batalla de Lepanto. During this period he became part of propagandamovement and befriende nded several members of the organization like Jose Kizal and Irinidad Pardode Tevera, hter daugnter Maria de la Paz who died when shewas three year old. After the death of his daughter the co had marriage difficulties. It culminated in the killing of his wife, mother in law and wounding of Felix, one of his brothers in law. On September 16, 1896, he and Antonio were arrested by Spanish authorities his brother for being involved with the KKK, He was pardoned by the Spanish court on May 27, 1897and he travelled back to Spain in July. In I899 he was appointed by the Malolos Republic as a Module| Technical Warking Comnitee |2020 Page| 18 This document is avlable free of charge on studocu Downloadedby Gwayne Lawrence Magbuhos (gwaynemagbuhos3@gmal com)  GEd 105 Readings in Philippine History Batangas State University member of Paris delegation which was working for the diplomatic recognition of the Republic. He travelled back to the Philippines upon hearing the death of his brother, Antonio. He travelled to Hongkong but died there aged 42 on December 7, 1899 from a heart attack Historical Background of the Primary Source he also known as Inside a Café. It is 1892 oil on canvas painting that e rartstan 1S measur ered to be one of the last major works Luna has done during his post academicand life in Paris. The painting is housed in the National Museum. Provenance of Dr. Ariston Bautista Lin, one of the three audienceto the woman pictured in the painting. It is now owned by the GSIS (broughtfrom Christie's Hong Kong 2002 for Php 46,000,000) in Apparently the painting is for European audience. The woman in the painting is Caucasian and this work of art belong to the impressionistic movement originated with the group of Paris-based artist whose exhibition brought them to prominenceduring the 1870's and I880's But some interpretation points that the painting is really for Filipino's. The first owner of this primary source was a Filipino and the woman symbolizes the Philippines. What is the motive of the painter? If we look at the historical context, the year 1892 was the year when Rizal went back to the Philippines to established La Liga Filipino because he was disappointed with the Propagandamovement. Juan Luna also experience personal difficulties a that time with his insulares wife Paz. Soon after the La Liga foundation, Rizal was arrested and deported to Dapitan. Thereafter Juan Luna must be affected by what happened to his best friend and his disappointment with his wife so that the subject matter of this masterpiece must had been the result. Content Analysis of the Important Historical InformationFound in the Painting Module| Technical Warking Commitee | 2020 Page| 19 Downloadedby Gwayne Lawence Magbuhos (gwaynemagbuhos3gmail com)  GEd 105 Batangas Statey One interpretation claims the lady as the mirror image of the Philippine archipelago Superimposition of the Philippine map's mirror image on the lady highlights the following: the contour of Northern Luzon follows the same contour of the lady's bodice; the distance between Infanta, Quezon and San Antonio, Zambales is exact to the small waistline of the lady ;all islands of Visayas and Mindanao are evenly spread out within the pink gown of the lady; the island of Palawan has exactly the same incline and shape as the arm of the lady; the mountain range that separates Surigao from Agusan and Davao is exact to the dark fold of the lady's gown from north to south; the site of the birth of 1898 Philippine Independence, Kawit Cavite, is exact on the lady's womb, site woman's birthing: the site of the declaration of 1899 Constitution, of a Malolos, Bulacan, is exact on the navel of the lady, Constitution is the bloodline of the nation and the umbilical cord is the infant's bloodline to his mother;, andCebu covers a knee of the lady. Cebu is the site of the first Christianization in the country Simply the interpretation contends the lady as our motherland. The motherland is awkwardly poised, disturbed with a blank stare, unsure whether to stand up or remain seated. Wrth this contention, it integrates cohesively other elements in the painting. ORDER FORM The three heroes are discussing the disturbed state of the motherland in T892 tis the exact year Jose Rizal was banished to exile in Dapitan (July 7),The year I892 was the eve of of the Philippine Revolution, The newspaper L.'Echo De Paris is folded behind the lady. The newspaper signifies the Cry of Bastille or French Revolution, inspiration of the Philippine Revolution, The French aspirations of Liberty, Fraternity and Equality were identical to the longings of the Filipinos. Thus, the French revolution, the echo of Paris, figures clearly behind the disturbed state of Philippine motherland in I892, htps://philippine-trivia.comtriviaivias-about-the-parisian-life-by-juan-luna For more interesting interpretation watch Xiao Time: Mga interpretasyon ng Parisian Life ni Juan Luna Part and 2. https//www.youtube.com/watch?vRuDbg QEy2M and I bttps://wwwyautube.com/watchzy7.8MAaYmPau Contribution Conr and Relevance the Document in Understanding the Grand Narrative of of llstor Philippi was able to convey multitude of message in a very limited space in an otherwise simple subject, (hbttps://wwWreseareheate netpublication/17129012 Parisinn Life Luna's Call for Temperance) Alhough his character was not heroic for he has many character flaws, But then he used his great talent to advance the Filipino cause, This painting and other visual arts can be use as a primary source to motivate our students to do move for our nation, The message of this painting can be a cause while a simple compliance of the new normal can be the consequence. Relevance of the Document to the Present Time The significant of this work of art is that is one of the products of the genius of Juan it Luna. He was one of the first international celebrities that highlight Filipino talent. He was the Manny Pacquiao and Hidelyn Diaz of the 19 century, The year of 1892 is one of the turning point in our history. The failure of the propaganda movement and the establishment of the katipunan are very important in our history. Many of the Modulel Technical Working Commitee| 2020 Pagel 20 docunent isavailablefroeot charge on Gstudocu This Downionded by wayne Lawence Magbuhos (gwaynemagbuos3@gm al.com) GEd 10S Readings in Philippine listory Batangas State University propagandists like Juan Luna and Rizal contributed their talents to advance the Filipino aspirations. In doing so many of them suffered personal tradegies (download Xiao Chua blog about Mareelo H. del Pilar and Graciano Lopez Jaena). As to the katipuneros, many them died of in their quest for freedom. Today 2020 is another turning point in our history, the Covid 19 pandemie cause death and economie downturn never seen in our history. If the katipunero and propagandist gave their lives for our freedom, we can contribute by cooperating with the guidelinesof government agencies. The painting causes controversies when it was purchaseby GSIS in 2002. Many members of GSIS accused Winston Garcia (then President ofGSIS) of corruption. Now 2020, another government own and controlled corporation is in the midst of scandal. Philhealth President Ricardo Morales was forced to resign because of the so called Mafia inside the agency The painting is not the most recognize of Juan Luna many painting. But by spreading its massage, the painting could Courage us to be patriotne Anc 1aisue. painting can also i uence students to understand history better and love it as essage of this