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LESSON 4 - SOLIKATRILYAGUNITA THE PROPAGANDISTS: - Most prominent members Cadiz Constitution JOSE RIZAL - Drafted by the Cadiz Cortes as resistance to - Physician and noveli...

LESSON 4 - SOLIKATRILYAGUNITA THE PROPAGANDISTS: - Most prominent members Cadiz Constitution JOSE RIZAL - Drafted by the Cadiz Cortes as resistance to - Physician and novelist Napoleon's invasion. - Pen Name: Dimasalang and Laong Laan - First liberal constitution in Spain MARCELO H. DEL PILAR - Lawyer and Journalist Spanish Empire in the 19th Century - Pen Name; Plaridel - American colonies lost​ GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA - Tension between liberalism and conservatism - Publisher of La Solidaridad - Monarchy vs Republic - Works: Fray Botod, Esperanza and La hija Del - 1873: First Spanish Republic​ Fraile. - 1874: Restoration of monarchy - Fray Botod: Depicted a fat and lecherous friar La Solidaridad The Christian Virgins Exposed to the Rabble - Was established to express the goal of the - Work of Felix Resurrection Hidalgo Reform Movement towards achieving - It is said to be depicting the wrong doings of assimilation with Spain. the Friars (Dominicans, Franciscans - Speeches of the Spanish liberals about the ,Augustinians) who were hiding their horrible Philippines was also featured in the personalities behind their robes. newspaper. - The first issue saw print on February 15, 1889 Spoliarium - The last issue was published on November 15, - Work of Juan Luna 1895. - The painting was submitted to the Exposición - The Solidaridad’s first editor was Graciano Nacional de Bellas Artes in 1884 in Madrid, Lopez Jaena. where it garnered the first gold medal. - Marcelo H. del Pilar took over in October 1889. Del Pilar managed the Soli until it K.K.K stopped publication due to lack of funds. - Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang, Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan - Founded by former members of La Liga Filipina - They wanted this nation to be a liberal republic (Haring Bayang Katagalugan) Emilio Jacinto - Brains of the Katipunan - Pen Name: Pingkian (inflammable), Dimas-Alam and Dimas-Ilaw - Heneral ng Reboluston  MGA GUNITA NG HIMAGSIKAN Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista - Authored the Acta dela Proclamacion de - The rivalry in the Katipunan which later on Independencia del Pueblo Filipino. evolved to Revolutionary Government was much mention in this document. Philippines Independence Proclamation - On June 12, between 4:00-5:00 in the Emilio Aguinaldo afternoon, Aguinaldo proclaimed the - Born and grew up in Kawit, Cavite Independence of the Philippines at Cavite el - Declared Philippine independence on June Viejo (now Kawit) in front of a huge crowd. 12, 1898​ - It was also the time the Philippine National - Returned to private life as a farmer after Flag was officially hoisted, and the Philippine declaring peace with the United States​ National March (Anthem) was played publicly. LESSON 5 - INDEPENDENCE MEANING OF PH FLAG 3 STARS - Luzon, Panay, Mindanao Spanish-American War WHITE TRIANGLE - Spain was trying to subdue the Cuban revolution which began in 1895. - Katipunan, also refers to the ‘Eye of - The Americans became so involved in this Providence” war until it resulted to sending its army to 8 RAYS Manila to help Aguinaldo win the battle - 8 tagalog province that rose up against spanish against Spain to free Philippines from colonial rule. CABUPANELATABA occupation. COLORS - The designers of the flag decided to use the Battle of Manila (1898) - Commodore Dewey with his naval squadron same colors of the United States flag – red, attacked the spanish forces in Manila.\ blue, and white – to honor its "disinterested - 160 spaniards and 210 men wounded. protection" of the Philippines. - Aguinaldo arrived in Cavite on May 19, 1898 and urged the Filipinos to join the Americans MAY 12, 1962 in this common struggle. - President Diosdado Macapagal issued Draft of Constitution in Hong Kong Proclamation No.28 - On May 24, 1898, upon the advice of AUGUST 4, 1964 Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, a dictatorial - Republic Act No. 4166 renamed July 4 government was pushed through instead. as “Republic Day” and June 12 as “Philippine Independence Day”. Act of Declaration of Philippine Independence - When we speak of the proclamation of Philippine Independence, the primary source that we can use is the Acta dela Proclamación de Independencia del Pueblo Filipino. - This act was translated to English by Sulpicio Guevarra. THE MALOLOS CONSTITUTION - Proclamation 1081 put the Philippines under - General Emilio Aguinaldo transferred the Martial Law government’s seat of power from Bacoor - Announced on September 23, 1972 Cavite to Malolos, Bulacan and used the Malolos Cathedral as the Palacio Presidencia 1973 Constitutional Convention in August 1898. - the ConCon delegates (ex. Aquilino Pimentel - From September 4-10, 1898, Aguinaldo Jr., Lilia De Lima, etc.) who opposed the completed the appointment of the Philippine extension of Marcos' tenure were imprisoned Congress which would form the Philippine or watched​. Constitution. - According to Delegate Augusto Espiritu, - On September 15, 1898, the Revolutionary Marcos even interfered in the writing of the Congress was inaugurated at the Barasoain new constitution. Church in Malolos. - Marcos Sr. sent the new Constitution to the - First major Act of the Malolos Congress: Citizen's Assemblies, which supposedly Ratification of the June 12 Declaration of "ratified" it (as announced in Proclamation Independence 1102. - With a vote of 6-4, the Supreme Court Three proposals were (drafts) submitted for affirmed the 1973 Constitution was in effect constitution.​ (Javellana v. Exec Sec.) Mabini plan - constitutional program of the Philippine Republic Provision of the 1973 Constitution (semi-presidential system)​ - The 1973 Constitution provided for a - Proposed a Senate as an advisory parliamentary system (at least on paper) body​ - Due to the transitory provisions, Marcos Sr. Paterno plan - based on Spanish remained in charge. Constitution of 1868.​ - Voting age reduced to 18, and literacy Calderon plan – based on the requirements were removed. constitutions of France, Belgium, Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, 1986 Snap Election Nicaragua and Brazil. - In 1986, President Marcos Sr. Called for a snap election - Corazon Aquino was his opponent, because LESSON 6 - CORY’S SPEECH she was the only one who could unite the - Speech of President Corazon C. Aquino During opposition the Joint Session of the United States Congress​ - Marcos Sr. was proclaimed winner by the Delivered at Washington, D.C., on September 18, 1986 COMELEC after a fraudulent election 1986 PDP Background of Martial Law - Laban-UNIDO Campaign Jingle​ - 1960s: Time of Change - Student Protests EDSA Revolution - Later led to the creation of the secular Moro - Cory called for boycotts of crony businesses National Liberation Front in 1972 - Feb 25: Marcos family fled to Hawaii Pres. Corazon Aquino’s Speech Before the U.S FR. FRANCISCO COLIN S.J. Congress - one of historians (1592-1660) whose labor evangelica was 1st published in Madrid in The Speech is…​ Composed of 32 paragraphs​ 1663, 3 yrs after his death 120 sentences​ - some historians believe that Fr. Colin 2,312 words​ probably read book of Magellan Authored by Teodoro Locsin Jr.​ expedition due to similarity of some Tackles about Ninoy and his heroism , the triumph of People Power, Marcos​ places & events that was written on his as a dictator, & the significant role of wok & of the work of Pigafetta US​ - claimed that Magellan first wnt to Butuan - Cory’s date of death & celebrated the first mass there before - August 1, 2009 going to Limasawa - others also believe that rich economy of Butuan will be big factor for magellan to decide to stay & celebrate event - Colin & Combes picture Magellan visiting Butuan & Limasawa - in Colin’s acc, magellan went first to butuan>limasawa>cebu - Cobes ment 2 visits to limasawa: limasawa>butuan>limasawa>cebu LESSON 7 - FIRST MASS - both agree that magellan arrived in cebu on april 7, 1521 or 1 week after 1st mass GEOFFREY BARRACLOUGH was supposed to have been at butuan - Noted that history we red is not factual at - 1 of major historians was Augustinian; all but a series of accepted judgements. fray Juan de la Concepcion (172402787) Thats why the premise that primary whose 14-volume History of the sources are not accessible to all of us Philippines was published in mnl shortly - Interpratation of primary source differ on after his death who read it, when & how it was read - seems to think that islands called “las velas” & marianas islands & archipelago BUTUAN OR LIMASAWA of san lazaro were all 1 & same thing. BUTUAN TRADITION - 18TH CENTURY - 1/combes statement was repeated was his EVIDENCE OF LIMASAWA remard that the stair of Siargao lies - historians rely on the 2 of available “between” that island of leyte & strait of primary source on voyage: limasawa is “at the mouth” of that - Log book of Francisco Albo - pilot of one straight. The map will show the of Magellan ship statemente was not altogether accurate - Book written by Antonio Pigafetta - Colin did not say that Magellan 1st sighted cape of san agustin & then sailed FRANCISCO ALBO northwards along pacific coast of - born about 1475 in italy mindanao, rounded siargao point, & sailed - pilot of magellan’s flagship westward to Butuan. - owner of the log-book used in 1st voyage around the world THE SHIFT OPINION - 1/18 survivors of Magellan expedition - wrote acc of their entry into ph waters 19TH CENTURY - his account supported the work of - 1920, textbook ph history used at ateneo Pigafetta de manila accepted the butuan tradition, thou it took care to correct prev authors mistakes concerning the Marianas Islands THE FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE - the shift from butuan to limasawa was due WORLD to rediscovery & more attentive study of 2 primary sources on subject: Pigafetta & - sat, mar 16, 1521–Magellan’s expedite Albo sighted a highland named Zamal whihch - Pastells has collab w/ Retana in new ed of was some 300 leagues westward of Combes. Etana had accepted Butuan trad, Ladrones Islands neither Retana nor Pastells showed any - sun, mar 17–after sighting Zamal island sign of any change of opinion theylanded on another which was - Pastells was prep his own ed of Francisco uninhabited “Humunu” (Homonhon) Colin’s Labor Evangelica. while prep that - there were 2 springs of water on that ed, he had occasion to restudy both island & some indications there was a sources, he realized that 3-cent butuan gold in these islands. Magellan renamed trad had been erroneous the island “watering place of good omen” (acquada la di bouni segnialli) - stayed 8 days at homonhon: mar 17-25 IMPORTANT PARTS OF THE READINGS - the route was toward west southwest betw 4 island Cenalo (Silago), Hiunanghan - Pigafetta tells us it was held on Easter (Hinunangan), Ibusson (Hibusong) & sunday, mar 31 on Mazaua Albarien. Hibuson is an island east of - 2 native chieftains were in attendance: leyte’s southers tip rajah of mazaua & butuan - thurs, mar 28–they anchored off island - after the mass, the party went up a little where the prev night they saw hill & planted a wooden cross upon its light/bonfire. That island “lies in a latitude summit of 9 & ⅔ towards arctic pole & in a - subject of controversy is identity of place longitude of 162 degrees fr. line of pigafetta calls “Mazaua” demarcation. 25 lagues fr. acquada & - 1 school of thought points to the little called Mazaua island sount of leyte which in the maps is - sat, mar 30–Pigafetta & companion spend called limasawa prev evening feasting & drinking w/native - other school rejects the claim instead king & son called Masao at the mouth of the Agusan - sun, mar 31–magellan sent priest ashore River in northern mindanao, near what w/some men to prep for mass. Later in was then Butuan. morning, magellan landed w/ 50 men & mass was celebrated, after which i cross PEOPLE INVOLVED venerated - 1 of historians was Fr. Francisco Colin - thurs, april 4–left mazaua bound for cebu S.J. (1592-1660) whose Labor evangelica (zubu). Route namely ceylon, bohol, was 1st to published in Madrid 1663 canighan, baibai & gatighan - other Jesuit writer was Fr. Francisco - at gatighan, they sailed westward to 3 Combes S.J. (1620-1665) who lived & islands of the camotes group namely poro, work as missionary in ph & whose pasihan & ponson Historia de Mindanao y Jolo was printed - from camotes islands they sailed in Madrid 1667, 2yrs after Colin’s work southwards to zubu was published - sun, april 7–at noon they entered the harbor of zubu. w/ the route fr. mazaua 1. Evidence of Albo’s Log-book northwards to camotes islands then - joined the magellan expedite pilot “contra southwards to cebu maestre” - One of 18 survivors w/ Elcano on Victoria  - Began keeping his own diary only on a - Confirmatory evidence in presence of 2 log book native kings or rajah at Mazaua during - The island he class Gada seems to be Magellan visit Acquada of Pigafetta or Homonhon where - 1 was king of Mazaua & other was they food water & wood. The island of relative “one of his brothers” namely rajah Seilani/Ceylon which coasted in Leyte. Butuan Turning southwest came Mazaua - Rajah butuan was a visitor in mazaua, the /Limasawa. island of his was Butuan & Calagan. - When kings wished to see another, they 2. The evidence of Pigafetta go hund in that island - Entitled “Primo Viaggo intomo al - According to both they stayed a week. mondo” Mass on easter sunday was celebrated on - Member of expedite, 2 excellent island of mazaua & not butuan translation: James Alexander Robertson - If mazaua were butuan, theres omission in (italian) & R.A. Skeleton (french) pigafetta. Butuan is a riverine settlement - Narrates events fr. 16th of march 1521 & situated on agusan river. There is no when first sighted the isle of the Ph. up to mention of river is a significant fact in 7th of april after landed at cebu pigafetta’s acc of 1 week, not surrounded - The route coincides with Albo’s log. by rive. South point reched before getting to cebu was mazaua 3. Summary of the evidence of Albo & - Not a catographer && maps had prob no Pigafetta value as navigational charts but useful - The mazaua lies at latitude of 9 & ⅔ identifying islands which he mentions & degrees north, corresponds to latitude of help establishing positions of islands limasawa, southers tip lies at 9 degrees & - Mazaua (Mazzana in map) is small isle 54 mind north lies off southwestern tip of larger islam Ceylon 4. Confirmatory evidence from Legazpi - Island of Mazaua in Pigafetta’s map, lies expedite in position equivalent to actual island of - Mazaua was an island near Leyte & limasawa Mindanao. 2 were entirely diff places & in - In no way mazaua be identified w/ Butuan no wise identical in another & much bugger island Mindanao