Rizal111 Midterm 2023 PDF

RIZL111: Exam Week 12 BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 Bache...

RIZL111: Exam Week 12 BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 Bachelor of Science in Nursing 4Y1 Professor: Percival M. Manuel Midterm Topics: - Rizal‟s enemies kept doing everything to persecute him. The First Homecoming & Second Travel Abroad They accused the novel to have subversive ideas against Studies in London Paris Exposition Life in Brussels, the church and the Spanish government. Belgium - The kind Governor assigned a bodyguard for Rizal, to Rizal's Sad Experiences protect him from danger. His bodyguard was a young Founding of La Liga Filipina, Dapitan Exile Spanish Lieutenant, Don Jose Taviel de Andrade. The two The 1896 Revolution, End of Dapitan Exile, Trial and became true friends in no time at all because they have Martydom common interests. - The powerful friars put the novel under strict scrutiny THE FIRST HOMECOMING headed by Manila Archbishop Messenger. Pedro Payo. He August 1886: Rizal decided to return to the Philippines. He sent a copy to the UST Father. Rector Gregorio Echevarria left Rome by train for Marseilles, boarded the Djemnah for examination. The latter found the novel heretical, bound to Saigon. impious, and scandalous. July 30, 1886: Rizal arrived in Saigon, where he transferred Noli Me Tangere Got Banned to the steamer Haifong. - The Governor sent the novel for further assessment to the Permanent Commission on Censorship composed of August 6, 1886: Rizal arrived in Manila. He noticed that priests and laymen headed by Fr. Salvador Font, Tondo Manila has not changed that much. parish priest. The body found the novel with subversive August 7, 1886: He reached Calamba, where there was a ideas against the Church and the Spanish government. dramatic meeting. After a few days, Rizal turned the ground - The Commission recommended that the book be banned floor of their house into a medical clinic. His first patient and have its circulation in the islands be totally stopped. was his mother who could hardly see. He successfully The move boomeranged because it only made the Filipinos restored the eyesight of his mother which had double more curious in reading the novel. Thus, the novel’s price cataracts. was exorbitantly priced. No arrests were made, thanks to The good news spread like wildfire as many sick people the liberal-minded governor. flock to seek medical help. His professional fee was very simple: If the patient is poor, a simple “thank you” is Rizal’s Enemies from the Church enough. Some patients gave him vegetables, fruits, - Among Rizal‟s enemies was Manila Archbishop Messenger: chickens, etc. If the patient is rich, he would charge in the Pedro Payo, UST Rector Father. Gregorio Echevarria, Father. European way. The people called him Dr. Uleman having Salvador Font - head of the Permanent Commission on arrived from Germany. Censorship. Rizal shared his blessings to his town mates. He built a - Father. Jose Rodriguez published an anti-Noli pamphlet gymnasium for the youth to discourage them from entitled “Caiingat Cayo.” The pamphlet stated that engaging in different forms of gambling. He wanted them to “whoever reads the novel commits a mortal sin.” spend time on productive activities. - Another attacker of the Noli was Vicente Barrantes, a Unfortunately, Rizal failed to see Leonor in his six months‟ Spanish writer who openly criticized the novel in the vacation due to the conflicts of his parents and Leonor‟s. Spanish newspaper La Esperanza Moderna. Noli Me Tangere Controversy Allies of Dr. Jose Rizal - Rizal received an invitation, a summons, a writ - Meanwhile, Rizal also had allies like Marcelo H. Del Pilar- commanding the sheriff, or other authorized officer, to using the pen name Dolores Manapat, who published a notify a party to appear in court to answer a complaint pamphlet entitled “Caiigat Cayo” that refuted and ridiculed made against him and in the said writ specified, on a day Father. Rodriguez‟ “Caiingat Cayo.” therein mentioned from Governor-General Emilio Terrero - The other one was Father. Francisco Sanchez, Rizal‟s regarding the novel which has become a hot issue. He went beloved Ateneo teacher. to Malacañang to answer any question surrounding his novel. He denied that he was a spy from Germany. He Calamba Agrarian Problem explained that he was only expressing the truth of what is - September 6, 1890: general Weyler began enforcing the going on in the society in his novel. The Governor was will of the Dominicans by sending artillery and military satisfied with his answer and asked for a copy of the novel, forces to Calamba which started to demolish the house of since he had not read the novel himself. Rizal‟s parents. Rizal‟s brother, brothers in law were arrested and exiled to different places of the archipelago. On the first day 60 families were thrown out of their houses J.A.K.E 1 of 25  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 and the sugar mills and all other buildings they had erected hacienda owned by the Jesuits consisted of only a small were destroyed. The Dominicans forbade the rest of the part of land and included only a part of the town, but the townspeople to give the unfortunates lodging and Dominicans had claimed a much more extensive area, no hospitality. By the end of September 400 tenants had been less than the whole town and its surrounding fields. The evicted. Dominicans were paying the government only the income - The liberal governor-general Terrerro was at that time tax due on the original smaller hacienda. replaced by the conservative general Valeriano Weyler in - Ownership of the Calamba hacienda passed on to the 1888. He was completely on the side of the Dominicans. Dominicans after the Jesuits, who originally owned it, were One of his first acts was to enforce the court ruling for the expelled in 1768. The Dominicans owned practically all the eviction of the tenants. The first to be evicted was the Rizal lands around Calamba. The tenants suffered since many family. years due to the unjustified taxes they had to pay. Even if - The Dominicans put pressure on Malacañang to eliminate there was an economic crisis or the harvest was bad, the Rizal. Governor-general Terrero advised Rizal to leave the rent and taxes still went up. The tenants suffered under the Philippines for his own good. friars. - The friars were furious because they were attacked on their most sensitive point: money! The report never reached the Rizal’s Second Travel Abroad desk of the governor-general. The Dominicans responded - Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave by filing an action for eviction against the Calamba tenants. his country for the second time in 1888. He was 27 years However, when the justice of the Peace of Calamba ruled old, a practicing physician, and a recognized man of letters. in favor of the tenants, the Dominicans immediately Rizal in Hong Kong and Macau brought the case to the Supreme Court in Manila, which - Amoy, in Hong Kong was the first stop over of the ship. immediately decided in the Dominican‟s favor. The tenants After six months of staying in the Philippines Rizal left via and the Rizal family had no recourse but to appeal their the steamer Zafiro bound for Hong Kong. case to the Supreme Court in Madrid. - Rizal did not get off the ship for the following reasons: - Rizal advised his family to stop paying the rent. The rest of a) He was not feeling well. the Calamba tenants followed suit and with Rizal‟s b) It was raining hard. encouragement, petitioned the government to intervene by c) He heard that the city is dirty. authorizing and supervising the drawing up of a new - Hong Kong is a British colony by that time. Rizal stayed in contract between the people of Calamba and the the Victoria Hotel. There he met Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Dominican landowners. Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte (son of the alcalde mayor in - Dominican Corruption and Financial Deceit on a Massive Calamba). Scale. - Jose Sainz de Varanda, a Spaniard and former secretary of - The original hacienda owned by the Jesuits consisted of Governor-General Terrero shadowed Rizal’s movement in only a small part of land and included only a part of the Hong Kong. It is believed that he was commissioned by the town, but the Dominicans had claimed a much more Spanish authorities to spy on Rizal. extensive area, no less than the whole town and its - According to Rizal in his letter to Blumentritt, Hong Kong is surrounding fields. The Dominicans were paying the a small, but very clean city. Many Portuguese, Hindus, government only the income tax due on the original smaller English, Chinese and Jews live here. There are some hacienda. Filipinos exiled in Marianas Islands since 1872. They were - Rizal wrote down his findings, which were signed by the former financiers and rich but now are poor, gentle and tenants in January 1888, and he submitted the report to the timid. government. - Rizal also Visited Macau, a Portuguese colony near Hong - The friars wanted to withhold the tenants to tell the truth. Kong. Rizal together with Basa boarded a ferry named Kiu- The Rizal family as well as the other Calamba tenants Kiang going to Macau. Curiously, Jose Sainz de Varanda is wanted to tell the truth. The tenants asked Rizal to draft a among the passengers. Rizal and Basa visited Don Juan report for the town council. Rizal asked his town mates to Francisco Lecaros, a Filipino gentleman who is married to supply him with all the relevant facts about the estate from a Portuguese lady. Rizal and Basa stayed in his house for the very beginning. Rizal had not anticipated but he soon two days while they were in Macau. became the center of the tenant‟s struggle against the - During Rizal’s two week vacation in Hong Kong, he studied Dominicans. Chinese life, language, drama and customs and found out - It started innocently. On 30th December 1887, when the the following which he wrote in his diary: government, wondering why the revenue paid by the The celebration of the Chinese New Year was quite very Dominicans Order had remained constant despite the noisy due to the continuous explosion of firecrackers on ever-increasing size of cultivated lands, formally asked the the streets. Calamba town council to determine whether there had The Lauriat party, wherein the guests were served a been any increase in the products and the size of the variety of dishes, shows lavishness and hospitality Dominican estate over the past three years. among the Chinese. - What came out was a horror story of Dominican corruption and financial deceit on a massive scale. The original J.A.K.E 2 of 25  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 The Dominican Order, the richest religious order in Yuriko, who married a son of a Japanese senator. Seiko- Hong Kong, had millions of dollars deposited in various Usui died in 1947 at age 80 and was buried beside her banks earning very high interests. husband. The graveyards for Catholics, Protestants and Muslims Rizal in the United States were well maintained. - Rizal in steamer Belgic met a semi-Filipino family, Mr. Rizal in Japan; the Land of the Cherry Blossoms Reinaldo Turner and his wife Emma Jackson, their children - Rizal left Hong Kong on board of the Oceanic, an American and maid from Pangasinan. He also met Tetcho Suehiro, a steamer on his way to Japan. He arrived in Yokohama, fighting Japanese journalist, novelist, champion of human Japan and stayed for one day in the Grand Hotel. rights, who was forced by the government to leave Japan. - After spending a day in Yokohama, Rizal went to Tokyo and - Tetcho Suehiro became a member of the Japanese stayed in Tokyo Hotel for five days. Juan Perez Caballero – Imperial Diet (Parliament). He wrote to novels: Nankai-no- secretary of the Spanish legation visited him in the hotel Daiharan (Storm over the South Sea) in 1891 resembling inviting him to stay in the Spanish legation. Knowing that it Noli Me Tangere and O-unabara (The Big Ocean) in 1894, is a plot to monitor him, Rizal accepted the offer for the resembling El Filibusterismo. He died in 1896 at age 49 due following reasons: to heart attack. He could economize his living expenses - Via the steamer Belgic, Rizal arrived in San Francisco, USA He had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the on April 28, 1888. Spanish authorities. - According to the Americans, Cholera was an epidemic He and Caballero became good friends. raging in the Far East. Thus, all passengers are quarantined - In Japan, Rizal was embarrassed because he did not know for safety. But, Rizal was surprised because there is no how to speak Nihonggo (Japanese Language) He was outbreak of the disease in the Far East, thus he joined mistakenly considered as a Europeanized Japanese other passengers in protest. In actuality, there were 643 because he looks like a Japanese and yet speaks in Chinese coolies who boarded the ship from China who different tongues. came as illegal migrants wanting to displace the White - Rizal’s Impression of Japan: laborers in railroad construction camp. But Rizal was The scenic beauty of the countryThe cleanliness, questioning how come 700 bolts of silk were unloaded politeness and industry of the Japanese people. without fumigation. The picturesque dress and simple charm of the - After a week Rizal together with other first class Japanese women. passengers were permitted to land. But the Japanese and the Chinese and passengers belonging to the second and There were few thieves in Japan. thirds class remained aboard. Beggars are rarely seen in the city streets. - Rizal stayed in the Palace Hotel (then a first class hotel) in Rickshaw, a popular mode of transportation which he San Francisco. He stayed there for two days. Grover did not like in Japan. Cleveland was the president when Rizal visited the United - Rizal and O-Sei-San: States. There he met Leland Stanford, the founder and Seiko Usui, or more fondly called O-Sei-San, is a former benefactor of the Stanford University who was then a samurai‟s daughter of 23 years old who had never senator representing California. experienced true love. She is a woman of beauty, charm, - Rizal Toured the United States: modesty and intelligence. She speaks French and Oakland, California was the first stop via ferryboat. English fluently. Via train Sacramento, where he ate his supper 75cents When Rizal first introduced himself to her, he took off and slept at his couch. his hat as a sign of respect (A German custom). Reno, Nevada, where he had his breakfast O-Sei-San was more than Rizal‟s girlfriend, for she was Utah, where he saw Mormons, thickly populated his guide, interpreter and tutor. She improved his knowledge of the Japanese language. She eases the Colorado, a lot of snow and pine trees pain left by Leonor Rivera. Nebraska, Omaha City, as big as San Francisco Rizal fell greatly in-love with O-Sei-San that he was Missouri River, twice as big as Pasig River tempted to leave the Philippines and settle down in Chicago, a lot of Indians in cigar stores Japan. He was offered a job in the Spanish Legation but Albany, where he saw the Hudson River his brother Paciano wrote to him reminding him of his New York, which he considers a big city, where he duty and why he left the Philippines in the first place. stayed for three days. Rizal left Japan via the ship Belgic, an English steamer in He left the United States for Liverpool, London on board Yokohama bound for United States. It ended 45 days of the City of Rome, and the second largest ship in the his unforgettable stay in Japan and his relationship with world. Great Eastern was the largest ship in the world O-Sei-San. during his time. - O-Sei-San after Rizal’s Departure: Alfred Charlton - Rizal’s Impression of America: became the husband of O-Sei-San in 1897, one year after Material progress of the country as shown in its cities, Rizal was executed. He was a British teacher of chemistry farms, and industries in Peers‟ School in Tokyo. They had a daughter named The drive and energy of the Americans J.A.K.E 3 of 25  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 The natural beauty of the land The relationship became so intimate that Rizal believed The high standard of living that it was the best affair he had so far. The opportunities for better life offered to poor Rizal was tempted to settle down in Japan and stay with immigrants. O-Sei-San but his love for his country was more America for Rizal was the land par excellence of important than self. freedom but only for the Whites. O-Sei-San understood the feeling of Rizal, and so he let Non-existence of true civil liberty, as Negro cannot him leave her. marry an American and vice versa. O-Sei-San could have probably waited for Rizal, The existence of racial prejudice as shown in their because since his departure in 1888, she only decided hatred of the Chinese, Japanese and Negroes. to marry in 1897 after she learned that Rizal had been The valuing of money over human life executed in 1896. Excerpts of Rizal’s Diary: A Glance of East Asia “…O-Sei-San, Sayonara, Sayonara! I have spent a - February 3, 1888, for the second time, Rizal sailed to Hong lovely golden month; I do not know if I can have Kong as a frustrated being who wanted the utmost reform another one like that in all my life. in his native land. “…Love, money, friendship, appreciation, honor… - He left on board the steamship Zafiro. these have not been wanting. - He registered at the Victoria Hotel. “…Your image lives in my memory; and that I am A Hong Kong Visit always thinking of you… your name lives in the sighs of - In Hong Kong, he was accompanied by Jose Maria Basa to my lips, your image accompanies and animates all my Macau. thoughts…” - They had a short trip to Macau, a former Portuguese colony - A Tomodachi on board the ferry Kiu-Kiang. Tomodachi (友達; ともだち; or トモダチ) is a Japanese - The two visited Don Juan Francisco Lecaros, former Filipino word meaning "friend(s)". delegate to the Spanish Cortes. Rizal boarded the ship Belgic going to the United States. - Terrero‟s former secretary, Jose Sainz de Varanda, spied on He met a Japanese journalist who was sent to exile for Rizal in the said colonies. his anti-government articles. - Impressions about Hong Kong: His name was Tetcho Suehiro. Noisy celebration of New Year. They became friends, having many things in common. Noisy audience in a theatre and boisterous music. Suehiro wrote a book entitled “The Deaf Traveler” Marathon lauriat meal. wherein he mentioned his travel with Rizal. Dominican friars are the richest investors and estate His novel “Storm over the Southern Seas” had a similar owners. plot like the Noli. Catholics owned the most extravagant cemeteries. A Cross the United States Unforgettable Japan - After almost three weeks, on board the American steamer, Oceanic, he left Hong Kong and sailed to Japan where he was invited by Secretary Juan Perez Caballero to live at the Spanish Legation. - His instinct told him that it was a bait – a way for the Spanish officials to keep track of his activities. - And since it was economical to stay at the legation and he believed that he had nothing to hide, he accepted it. - Filipino Entertainers in Japan: While strolling around at a park in Tokyo, Rizal went to listen to a group of performers playing the Western Strauss music, a rare occasion in this Oriental country. To his surprise, the musicians started to talk in Tagalog. - April 28, 1888: the Belgic docked at San Francisco, They were Filipinos and Rizal introduced himself. California - An Affair to Remember: - The passengers were not allowed to disembark. Rizal was impressed by the scenic Japan and had - They were put under quarantine. keenly observed the life, customs and culture of the - They learned later that there were 600 potential illegal people. Chinese immigrants to the United States. He had fallen in love not only with the view but more to - Rizal registered himself at the Palace Hotel where he met its women, particularly with the 23-year old O-Sei-San the founder of the Stanford University, Mr. Leland Stanford. (a.k.a. Seiko Usui). The friendship bloomed to become a romance. J.A.K.E 4 of 25  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 Historical Accounts Antonio Pigafetta: Chronicler of Ferdinand Magellan‟s Expedition. Gaspar De San Agustin: Served during Governor Miguel Lopez de Legaspi‟s Administration Their writings described the early life and industry of the Filipinos that proved the following points: - That the early Filipinos were engaged in trade with other Asian neighbors. - That the dominant religion in Manila, the Visayas and Mindanao was Islam; and - That there was already an organized political government in the country called barangay headed by a Impressions of America rajah or a datu. - The United States have maintained its natural beauty in - Rizal also noted that a Chinese chronicle of the 12th spite of the industrial and technological advancements. century mentioned that the people of Luzon were - The energy and diligence of the people. honest and hardworking. - America is truly a land of great opportunities. Annotation of Morga’s “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas” and - Racial discrimination between the Whites and the Blacks. others Studies in London - Rizal wanted to write a history to disprove the allegation of - May 24, 1888: Rizal arrived at Liverpool, England from a the friars that our ancestors were savage and uncivilized tiring trip across the Atlantic Ocean people. - He moved to London the next day - He knew that such statements were a product of bigot - He stayed in the house of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor, an 1872 views of a race that are proud of their heritage. exile and lawyer in London - He also wrote many articles for the La Solidaridad to - He boarded at the home of the Beckett‟s at Primrose Hill. counter the attacks of Fr. Rodriguez on the Noli, generally entitled “Cuestiones de Sumo Interes.” A Letter from Home - Wrote a pamphlet entitled “La Vision del Fray Rodriguez,” Bad News using the penname “Dimasalang.” - Persecution of Filipino farmers who signed the Anti-Friar - Also wrote “To the Women of Malolos” in which he Petition of 1888 led by Doroteo Cortez. encouraged the women to pursue their education and not - The Calamba tenants being persecuted by the Dominican merely blind followers of the friars. management, including the Rizal family. - He contributed articles to the Trubners Record, related to - Manuel Hidalgo (Saturnina‟s husband) was exiled to Bohol. Asian Studies such as the “Two Eastern Fables,” and - Laureano Viado, a UST medical student and friend of Rizal “Specimens of Tagala Folklore.” was jailed for having a copy of the Noli. An Unsolicited Attention Good News - Gettie Beckett came to fall in love with Rizal. - Rev. Vicente Garcia, an authority of Theology from the - Rizal decided to leave London to avoid her, having no Manila Cathedral came to the defense of the Noli Me feeling for her. Tangere against the attacks of the friars. - He left for Paris to finally forget her. The Paris Universal Exposition of 1889 Sucososdelas Islas Filipinas - Paris was bursting with excitement in preparation for the - Knowledge of the country‟s history was an essential tool Universal Exposition of 1889. needed by Rizal to effectively campaign for people‟s honor - Tourists from all parts of the world moved to the city. and pride. - Rizal arrived here via train together with other passengers - He engaged in extensive research about the Philippines at speaking various languages. the British Museum - Inns, hotels and boarding houses were all filled and fully - He copied and annotated the 1609 edition of Antonio de booked for the event. Morga’s “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.” - Their rates grew sky high. Antonio Demorga - In Paris, he continued his research at the Biblioteque - Antonio de Morga was a 17th century Spanish official and Nationale to check on Morga‟s book. historian in the Philippines. - He also spent time with his friends; and visited the - His historical accounts were considered as one of the most Boustead family at Rue de Bassins. objective during the Spanish period. The Kidlat Club - His book contained accounts of two of the earliest writings - Rizal organized a social group with his fellow Filipinos in of pre-colonial Philippines. Paris by the end of March 1889, called the Kidlat Club. - It was a temporary society to simply unite the Filipinos here in Paris during the International Exposition. J.A.K.E 5 of 25  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 Indios Bravos - Laureano Viado, a medical student at UST and a friend of - Rizal and his Kidlat Club members were inspired by the Rizal, was imprisoned because of owning a copy of Noli Me Buffalo Bills troupe, a group of tall, dignified, proud and Tangere. powerful Indians. Good News from Home - They decided to change their group‟s name to “Indios - Rev. Vicente Garcia defended the Noli Me Tangere against Bravos” since they also don‟t have anything to be ashamed the attack of the friars. He heard this news from Mariano of about their race. Ponce. On January 7, 1891, Rizal wrote to Father Garcia White Christmas in Paris expressing his personal gratitude. - December 25, 1889 was a cold winter in Paris. Short Visit to Paris and Spain - Rizal and Jose Albert planned to have a delightful Yuletide - Early in September 1888, Rizal visited Paris for a week in dinner. order to search for more historical materials in the - They had fried chicken, rice, and vegetables. Bibliotheque Nationale. On December 11, 1888, Rizal went - Shortly after New Year, Rizal went to London, then back to to Madrid and Barcelona in Spain to meet with Marcelo H. Paris again. Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce. - On January 28, he went to Brussels, Belgium. Christmas in London - Rizal returned to London on December 24, 1888 and spent STUDIES IN LONDON PARIS EXPOSITION LIFE IN Christmas and New Year‟s Eve with the Becketts. He was BRUSSELS, BELGIUM extremely delighted to experience the holiday season. He Studies in London reflected on the meaning of the holiday as it reminded him Trip across the Atlantic of memorable days not just from his childhood but also - After visiting the United States, Rizal boarded the S.S. City from history. “How it shocks me to see some people of Rome en route to London. While on board, he misuse His name to commit many crimes.” entertained the American and European passengers with - Rizal sent to Blumentritt as a Christmas gift a bust of his skill of the yoyo. Emperor Augustus which he had made. As another present, - He was to stay in London from May 1888 to March 1889. he sent to Dr. Carlos Czepelak a bust of Julius Caesar. Mrs. - Why did he choose to stay in London? Beckett, knowing of his interest in magic, gave Rizal a book To improve his knowledge of the English language entitled “The Life and Adventures of Valentine Vox, the To study and annotate Antonio de Morga‟s Sucesos de Ventriloquist.” Las Islas Filipinas Annotating Morga’s Book London was a safe place for him to carry out his fight - Annotating and studying the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas against Spanish tyranny (1609) was the main goal of Rizal in the English capital. - He reached Queenstown in Ireland on May 24, 1888. From Antonio De Morga. Annotate means to supply with critical there, he embarked on a ferry boat going to Liverpool, or explanatory notes; comment upon in notes. England and stayed at Adelphi Hotel. Antonio Pigafetta Chronicler of the Magellan expedition - By train he arrived at London on May 25, 1888. Upon his Gaspar De San Agustin Conquista de Las islas Filipinas arrival, he stopped at Grand Hotel Midland. Other Historical Accounts. All three mentioned about - He stayed, as a guest, at the home of Dr. Antonio Ma. early Filipino Life and Industry Regidor an 1872 exile and a practicing lawyer. He Early Filipinos already engaged in trade with other Asian transferred to a private home in No. 37 Chalcot Crescent, nations Primrose Hill. This is owned by the Beckett Family. The dominant religion of Manila and Visayan town was - Mr. Beckett, an organist of St. Paul‟s Church and Mrs. Islam. Beckett had 4 daughters (Gertrude, Blanche, Flory and There was already a government Grace) and 2 sons. Aims of La Solidaridad - Rizal came to know Dr. Reinhold Rost through a letter from 1) To establish reform for our country Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt. He was the Librarian of the 2) To show the unfortunate conditions in the Philippines Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Dr. Rost was an Authority on committed by the Spaniards Malayan language and customs. He called Rizal “a pearl of 3) To promote free and progressive ideas a man” as he was impressed by his learning and character. 4) To implement the patriotic vision of the Filipinos Bad News from Home - Rizal published his work Los Agricultores Filipinos (The - After Rizal left the country, the persecution of the Filipino Filipino Farmers) on March 25, 1889, 6 days after he left patriots who signed the Anti-Friar Petition 1888 escalated. London for Paris. This was his first article in La The Calamba Agrarian Conflict of 1888 in which the Solidaridad. tenants, including Rizal‟s family, were being persecuted by - Rizal received news on Fray Rodriguez‟s attack on his the Dominicans. novel Noli Me Tangere. He wrote a pamphlet entitled La - Manuel T. Hidalgo (husband of Saturnina) was exiled to Vision del Fray Rodriguez which was published in Bohol while Mariano Herbosa (husband of Lucia) was Barcelona under his pen name Dimas-Alang. denied of Christian burial because of the malicious rumor that he had not confessed since marriage. J.A.K.E 6 of 25  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 Letter to the Young Women of Malolos American Indians became the inspiration of Rizal in naming - In this article, Rizal addressed Filipino women to work for his one societal club as Indios Bravos. their education and not to merely be influenced by the - Another group known only as R.D.L.M. which stands for friars. Redencion de Los Malayos was also formed. Its purposes - Dr. Rost, editor of Trubners‟ Record, a journal devoted to were: (a) to propagate useful knowledge, in any forms, in Asian studies, requested Rizal to contribute some articles. the Philippines; and (2) to promote the redemption of Rizal submitted (1) Specimen of Tagala Folklore and (2) Malayan race. This group‟s members don‟t know each Two Eastern Fables. other, and Rizal doesn‟t know them as well. It‟s still a - By unanimous vote of all the members, Rizal was chosen to mystery. * Mentioned in the letters of Rizal to Jose Maria be the president of society called Asociacion La Basa on Sept. 21, 1889, and to Marcelo H. del Pilar on Solidaridad. November 4, 1889. Goodbye, London Annotated Edition of Morga’s book - Rizal was forced to leave London because Gertrude‟s love - Although this was an outstanding achievement of Rizal, for him has become serious. He could not take advantage there were still some errors: of her affection and she would not be happy because Rizal Commits the error in appraising the history of the past was still in love with Leonor Rivera. He decided to move to in the light of the present standard Paris so she would forget about her. Rizal‟s attacks of the church were unfair and unjustified - Before leaving London, Rizal finished four sculptural works: because the abuses should not be construed to mean Prometheus Bond the Catholic is bad. The Triumph of Death over Life Plan to Establish Filipino College in Hong Kong A composite carving of the heads of the Beckett sisters - Rizal planned to establish a Filipino College in Hong Kong. (gave as farewell gift to the Beckett sisters) The purpose was to educate men of good family and The Triumph of Science over Death financial means. - On March 19, 1889, Rizal departed for Paris. He was sad as - Mariano Cunanan promised to raise P40, 000 as initial he crossed the English Channel for he had many beautiful payment for this college. memories of London. - Its curriculum consists of: Ethics, Study of Religion, Natural Law, Civil law, Deportment, Hygiene, Mathematics, The Paris Universal Exposition Physics and Chemistry, Natural History, Geography, - The Exposition Universale Held in Paris, France from May 6 Political Economy, Universal History, Philippine History, to October 31, 1889. The fair attracted exhibits from Logic, Rhetoric, Poetics Spanish, English, French, German, Europe, South America, United States, and French Chinese, Tagalog Gymnastics, Equitation, Fencing, colonies, yet it really was a celebration of French Swimming, Music, Drawing and Dancing. achievements on the centennial of French Revolution. - Rizal had been coming back and forth from Paris to London, Because of the thousands of tourists, almost all hotel then Paris at last, with his aim to check up or compare on accommodations were taken. his annotation of Morga‟s book to its original copy found in - But he finally lived together with other Filipinos, Justo British museum. (January 1890). Trinidad and Jose Albert. In the exposition, there was this International Art Competition where Felix Hidalgo won the Life in Brussels, Belgium 3rd prize, Pardo de Tavera and Juan Luna won the 2nd prize, - On January 28, 1890, Rizal left Paris for Brussels, Belgium. and, unfortunately, Rizal got nothing. Two reasons why Rizal left Paris: - He spent his time in Bibliotheque Nationale, reading and The cost of living in Paris was very high because of the checking with his historical annotations of Morga‟s book. Universal Exposition. He visited his friends like the Boustead‟s, Luna‟s, Tavera‟s, The gay social life of the city hampered his literary etc. He also organized societies with his fellow Filipinos. works, especially the writing of his second novel El Kidlat Club Filibusterismo. - The Kidlat Club was founded on March 19, 1889. The - While in Brussels, he lived in Rue Philippe run by 2 Jacoby purpose was to enjoy their journey in the exposition. sisters (Suzanne and Marie). He was busy writing El Fili and - It was called Kidlat because this was only a temporary articles for the La Solidaridad. Despite of his European group. The members include Antonio and Juan Luna, education and his knowledge of foreign languages, Rizal Gregorio Aguilera, Fernando Canon, Lauro Dimayuga, Julio loved his own native language. He was the 1st to advocate Llorente, Guillermo Puatu, and Baldomero Roxas. Later, to the Filipinization of our letters c and o and use instead K the group‟s name was changed to Indios Bravos which and w. purpose was to stand and not be ashamed of being called - Rizal received news from Juan Luna and Valentin Ventura, Indios. that there are some Filipinos who were destroying the - William Frederick Cody a.k.a. Buffalo Bill, founder and reputation of Filipinos by gambling too much. Thus, he performer of Wild West shows Buffalo Bill‟s Wild West wrote a letter address to Del Pilar, to remind the Filipinos in show in 1890 which presented the skills and life of Madrid that they did not come to Europe to gamble, but to work for their Fatherland‟s freedom. The gambling Filipinos J.A.K.E 7 of 25  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 were angry when they learned or Rizal‟s moralizing. They learned that there was already an ejectment order against called him “PAPA” instead of Pepe. Rizal's family and the other Calamba tenants. He further - Rizal received bad news from home as follows: learned that their parents were forcibly ejected from their Paciano and his brother-in-law were deported to homes and were then living in the house of Narcisa. He Mindoro even sought the help of liberal Spanish statesmen but he M. Hidalgo were vanished for the 2nd time to Bohol was again disappointed. They just gave him honeyed words - In his moment of despair Rizal had bad dreams. And of sympathy and nothing else. although he was not superstitious, he feared that he would - Blumentritt urged him to talk with Queen Regent Maria not live long. But he wanted to finish his 2nd novel El Fili Cristina (the ruler of Spain). But he could not because he before he went to his grave. had neither powerful friends to bring him to the queen nor - In his letter to MH Del Pilar he said: In my childhood I had a gold to grease the palms of influential courtiers. Another strange belief that I would not reach 30 years of age In the disappointment happened when his friend Jose Ma. face of sufferings, Rizal planned to go home. All his friends Panganiban died in Barcelona after lingering illness. objected to his plan and warned him of the danger that - Towards the end of August, Rizal attended a social reunion. awaited him at home. Something happened that changed At that time Antonio Luna was bitter because of his his decision and he informed MH Del Pilar that he was frustrated romance with Nellie Boustead. He was blaming going to Madrid to supervise the handling of the case of his Rizal for his failure to win her. In a fit of jealousy, caused by family in Calamba. his alcohol be-fogged mind, he uttered unsavoury remarks - While in Brussels, he wrote a poem entitled “A Mi Musa” about Nellie. (to My Muse) a pathetic poem, lack of exquisiteness. While - Rizal overheard him and due to his high regards to women. he was preparing for his trip to Madrid, two things brought Angrily he challenged Luna to a duel. The Filipinos was some measure of cheers. The summertime festival of shocked and tried to pacify Rizal and Luna pointing that it Belgium, which was celebrated in carnival style, with could damage their cause in Spain. Luna when he became colourful costumes, fantastic floats. sober realized that he made afoul of himself and - His romance with Petite Jacoby, the pretty niece of his apologized to Rizal. landladies Rizal was so charming and dignified gentleman - On another occasion, he challenged another man to a duel that Suzanne was attracted to him. He was lonely in a -Wenceslao Retaña, his bitter enemy of the pen. He wrote strange country and Leonor Rivera was so far away. He in his article that the friends of Rizal had not paid their found certain bliss in the company of a pretty Belgian girl. rents so that they were ejected from their lands in Calamba. - Like all the other girls in Rizal's life, Suzanne fell in love with Such insult stirred Rizal to action, he challenged Retaña to Rizal. And she cried when he left for Madrid. a duel and he said that Retaña's blood or his apology could - Articles Published in La Solidaridad: vindicate the good blame of Rizal's family and friends. 1) La Defensa - Retaña to save his own skin, he published a retraction and 2) La Verdad Para Todos an apology in the newspaper after being warned of Rizal's 3) Vicente Barrantes superior skills in both pistol and sword. 4) Profanacion End of 11-Year Engagement 5) Verdades - Amidst Rizal‟s frustrations in Madrid, he received a letter 6) Nuevas from Leonor Rivera, his girlfriend for 11 years informing him 7) Crueldad that she was getting married. It pained his heart greatly. He 8) Diferencias still loved Leonor despite having courted girls before. He 9) Inconsequencias grew pale and sickly having been jilted by Leonor. 10) Llanto y Risas - In his letter to Blumentritt, he accused Leonor of infidelity. 11) Ingratitudes His love turned to hatred. - Galicano Apacible, a UST friend, consoled him by saying RIZAL'S SAD EXPERIENCES IN EUROPE, HONG KONG there are many girls in the world. He informed Rizal that the MEDICAL PRACTICE, BORNEO COLONIZATION PROJECT, daughter of Pi y Margall, was deeply in love with him, ready 2ND HOMECOMING to marry him. Sad Experience in Europe - On Leonor‟s side, she was mad at Rizal having been very Misfortunes in Madrid quiet. She said that she still loved Rizal, that her decision - August, 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid. He immediately to marry was not because she no longer loved him. She did secured the help of the Filipino colony and the association it because she thought Rizal no longer loved her. 11 years of the Hispano-Filipino and the liberal Spanish newspaper. of waiting was too long. Leonor wasn‟t getting younger and In securing justice for the oppressed Calamba tenants lamented the fact that Rizal didn‟t bother to see her. Rizal including his family. Together with MH Del Pilar (acted as could have misunderstood her. Leonor married Henry his lawyer) and Dr. Dominador Gomez (secretary of the Kipping, an Englishman in Manila. association) called on the Minister of Colonies to protest The Leader of All Filipinos (Responsible) the injustices committed against the Calamba tenants. - In a banquet at Calle de Atocha some Filipinos proposed - Nothing came out of Rizal's interview. More terrible news for the creation of a movement to bind the colony together. reached Rizal as he was waging a futile war for justice. He A leader called “Responsible” would be the official J.A.K.E 8 of 25  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 representative of all Filipinos abroad. Rizal felt he would be Hong Kong. He was with the company of many friars the rightful person. including Fr. Volunteri, less like Fr. Damaso. - Others thought otherwise. They endorsed MH del Pilar‟s candidacy. In the 1st meeting, Eduardo de Lete presided. Dr. Jose Rizal Medical Practice in Hong Kong Rizal was in favor of the creation of a new movement. Del Rizal and the German Ladies Pilar objected because to him they already have the La - Rizal was alone, having dinner; he overheard the German Solidaridad and the AHP to take care of the said objectives. ladies which were gossiping loudly about him, being lonely. His argument lost was overruled. A committee was formed The door in the dining room was blown open when the to draw the statutes. steamer encountered a heavy squall (a gust of wind). One - Rizal and Del Pilar became the two candidates. They both of the ladies said “if this man in front of us were a wanted to withdraw. The rule of the election: the winner gentleman, he would close the door”. Rizal heard this, and, must garner 2/3 majority vote. without saying a word, closed the door. This incident made - 1st Balloting- Rizal was ahead but not enough. 2nd and 3rd the ladies embarrassed and treated Rizal with respect and Balloting gave the same results. The meeting adjourned admiration. - The next day, del Pilar was absent. The results didn‟t Arrival in Hong Kong change. Rizal grew impatient. He announced his - On Nov. 20, 1891, Dr. Jose Rizal was welcomed by old withdrawal from the race. He bade farewell. But Ponce friends, especially Jose Ma. Basa. He established his quickly asked Lete, Sandiko, Luna and others to shift their residence in No.5 D‟ Aguilar St., No.2 Rednaxela Terrace votes to Rizal. Dominador Gomez spoke in behalf of the where he also opened his medical clinic. Pilaristas saying they changed their votes for the sake of - On Dec. 1, 1891, Rizal wrote to his parents to ask their unity. Thus, Rizal was voted unanimously. permission for him to come home. - Rizal gave his admonitions to the group in his acceptance - His brother-in-law (Manuel T. Hidalgo) wrote him a letter speech. Rizal blamed Eduardo de Lete for the election regarding: “deportation of 25 persons from Calamba fiasco. Expressed disappointment with del Pilar He said it including his father, Neneng, Sisa, Lucia, Paciano and the would have been a disappointing news to the nationalist rest of us.” He also stated in his letter that he‟s preparing a movement in Manila to know that Rizal was defeated letter to the Queen Regent of Spain explaining the Calamba because he was the acknowledged leader back home. situation in order to secure justice. “If the Queen will not A Biarritz Interlude listen, we will write to Queen Victoria of England to appeal - Rizal went to see Nelly in Biarritz. He finally decided to for protection in the name of humanity.” marry Nelly Boustead. Conditions made by Nelly‟s father: Family Reunion in Hong Kong Abort all travels abroad and stay with Nelly - Before Christmas of 1891, Rizal‟s father, brother and Practice medicine and stay away from politics Silvestre Ubaldo (brother-in-law) arrived in Hong Kong. Not Become a Protestant before marriage long afterwards his mother (who was then 65 years old and - Rizal, however, decided to back down from his proposal almost blind) and sisters, Lucia, Josefa and Trinidad arrived. thinking he wasn‟t ready yet to answer the given conditions - The Christmas of 1891 in Hong Kong was one of the set by Nelly‟s father. happiest Yuletide celebrations in Rizal‟s life. He even wrote Printing of the El Filibusterismo to Blumentritt on Jan. 31, 1892 about the pleasant life - End of May 1891, the novel was ready for printing. He they‟re living in Hong Kong. brought the novel to Ghent because printing was cheaper Ophthalmic Surgeon in Hong Kong there. There was no financial aid sent by the Centro de - Rizal practiced medicine in order to earn a living for his Propaganda. He had spent all his money for the printing family. Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques, his friend and admirer, cost. turned over to him many of his patients with eye diseases; - He only received P100 from his countrymen as part of his truly, he helped Rizal to build a wide clientele allowance. He was abandoned by the society after just a (customers/clients). month. He was consoled by the financial help given by - Rizal successfully operated on his mother‟s left eye so that Valentin Ventura. she was able to read and write again. Some of his friends - The novel was printed at F. Meyer van Loo Press. Rizal gave gave him moral and substantial aid in his medical practice, the original manuscripts to Ventura. from Biarritz, Mr. Boustead, Nellie‟s father, wrote to him in Rizal Resigns March 21, 1892, praising him for practising his medical - Before leaving for Manila, He sent a letter of resignation as profession. a contributor of the La Solidaridad. He also sent a message - Dr. Ariston Baustista Lin, from Paris, sent him a to his compatriots his decision to give up his political congratulatory letter and a book, on Diagnostic Pathology leadership and fight in his own. This news saddened many by Dr. H. Virchow and another book, Traite Diagnostique by Propaganda members. Mesnichock. Don Antonio Vergel de Dios, also from Paris, - He quickly visited Nelly to bid goodbye. He will go back to offered his services for the purchase of medical books and the Philippines to take care of his family‟s problems. He instruments which he might need in his profession. boarded the SS Melbourne, a ship from Marseilles bound to Borneo Colonization Project - Rizal conceived the establishment of a Filipino colony in North Borneo (Sabah. He planned to move the landless J.A.K.E 9 of 25  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 Filipino families to that rich British-owned island. He also Last Hong Kong Letters planned to carve out of its virgin wildness a “New - Relatives and friends of Rizal opposed his decision to Calamba” March 7, 1892. He went to Sandakan on board return home because it was like bearding the lions in their the ship Menon to negotiate with the British authorities for den. the establishment of a Filipino colony - On June 19, 1892, he spent his birthday in Hong Kong. - On May 26, 1892, Lopez-Jaena wrote to Rizal expressing his Evidently, he had a premonition of his death, for the support and great desire in the project along with their following day, June 20, he wrote two letters which he other friends: Juan and Antonio Luna, Blumentritt, Dr. sealed, inscribed on each envelop “to be opened after my Bautista Lin, etc. death” and gave them to his friend Dr. Marquez for - Manuel Hidalgo, the brave Batangueño, one of Rizal‟s safekeeping. His first letter addressed To My Parents, brothers-in-law, objected to his project Brethren and Friends. The second letter addressed to The Letter to Governor Eulogio Despujol Filipinos. - In hope of the Governor-General‟s sincerity in his promises - On June 21, 1892, Rizal penned another letter in Hong Kong of a better government, Rizal wrote to him offering him his for General Despujol. He informed the governor-general of cooperation. But governor-general did not acknowledge his coming to Manila and placed himself under the Rizal‟s letter, violating the simple rule of Spanish courtesy. protection of the Spanish government. - On March 21, 1892, after waiting for 3 months for a reply - On June 21, 1892, Rizal and his sister Lucia, widow of for his first letter, Rizal wrote another letter which asked for Herbosa, left Hong Kong for Manila. They carried a special permission for the landless Filipinos to establish passport or “safe-conduct” issued by the Spanish consul- themselves in Borneo. general in Hong Kong. Borneo Colonization Project Rizal Fell into Spanish Trap - Instead of performing the simple “courtesy of a reply”, - Immediately after Rizal‟s departure from Hong Kong: the Despujol notified the Spanish consul general in Hong Kong. Spanish consul-general, who issued the government He did not approve the Filipino immigration to Borneo, guarantee of safety, sent a cablegram to Gov. Despujol that alleging that: “the Philippines lacked laborers” and “it was the victim “is in the trap” On the same day, a secret case not very patriotic to go off and cultivate foreign soil.” was filed in Manila against Rizal and his followers “for anti- Writings in Hong Kong religious and anti-patriotic agitation” 1) Ang Mga Karapatan Nang Tao. The translation of “The Arrival in Manila with Sister Rights of Man” which was proclaimed in the French - On June 26, 1892, Sunday at 12:00 noon, Rizal and his Revolution 1789. widowed sister Lucia arrived in Manila. At 4:00PM, he went 2) A la Nacion Española (To the Spanish Nation) An appeal to Malacañang Palace to seek audience with the Spanish to Spain to right the wrongs done to the Calamba governor-general. On June 27, 1892, at 6:00pm, Rizal tenants. boarded a train in Tutuban Station and visited his friends in 3) Sa Mga Kababayan was written on December 1891, Malolos, San Fernando, Tarlac, and Bacolor. explaining the Calamba agrarian situation. - In The Hong Kong Telegraph Rizal contributed articles to Frustrations in Europe this British daily newspaper. The editor was Mr. Frazier Anti-gambling Pope Smith, who was his friend. - He received news from Juan Luna and Valentin Ventura - On March 2, 1892 Rizal wrote “Una Visita a la Victoria Gaol” that some Filipinos in Spain are engaged in too much A Visit to Victoria Gaol, an account of his visit to the gambling colonial prison of Hong Kong. - He advised them not to waste their money but continue - To elucidate his pet Borneo colonization project he wrote: supporting the Propaganda instead, which was the main “Colonisation du British North Borneo, par de Familles reason for coming to Madrid. de Iles Philippines” - The gambling Filipinos were angered upon learning about “Proyecto de Colonization del Vritish North Borneo por Rizal‟s comments and ridiculed him for acting like a “Pope.” los Filipinos - Rizal countered, in his letter to Del Pilar, that his fellow June 1892, He wrote “La Mano Roja” (The Red Hand) Filipinos came to Madrid to work for the Fatherland‟s Decision to Return to Manila freedom. - In May 1892, Rizal made up his mind to return to Manila. The Sequel: “El Filibusterismo” This decision was spurred by the following: - It is Rizal‟s novel on a nation that is on the brink of a To confer with Governor Despujol regarding his Borneo revolution. colonization project - It is presented as an alternative course to the reform efforts To establish the Liga Filipina in Manila of Filipinos. To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in attacking - It also presented the dangers of taking an alternative based him in Madrid on hate and vengeance. - “…is a morality, a profound description of the mentality and climate of revolt… to Spain it was a last and terrible warning.” – Austin Coates J.A.K.E 10 of 25  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 The Calamba Deportation (1890) - Luna finally realized his mistake and asked forgiveness - From the time Rizal left Calamba, the agrarian problem had from Rizal, who accepted the apology. turned from bad to worse. Almost another duel for his family honor - The Dominicans increased the land rent without reason - Wenceslao Retaña, a pro-friar journalist, made - Rizal advised his family and other tenants to refuse paying disrespectful remarks against the Rizal family and the - This move only enraged the administrators. Calamba tenants in the anti-Filipino newspaper La Epoca. - The Dominicans filed a suit against the Calamba tenants - He wrote that the family and the tenants deserve what - Through the order of Gov. Valeriano Weyler, the tenants happened to them for failing to pay the Dominicans their were persecuted and ejected from their lands and homes land rents. in Calamba - Upon reading the offensive article, Rizal sent a message to - 25 members of the Mercado family were affected Retaña challenging him to a duel in whatever weapon he - Paciano and brothers-in-law Antonio Lopez and Silvestre would choose, anywhere and anytime. Ubaldo were exiled to Mindoro. - Retaña immediately made a public retraction and an - Manuel Hidalgo was earlier exiled to Bohol apology to Rizal and his family. - Rizal felt guilty about these sufferings of his family and End of 11 years Engagement town mates. - Amidst Rizal‟s frustrations in Madrid, he received a letter - Spain‟s hate on him had turned to his loved ones. from Leonor Rivera, his girlfriend for 11 years informing him - Rizal decided to return home no matter what the dangers that she was getting married. are. - It pained his heart greatly - He confided to MH del Pilar his death wish. - He still loved Leonor despite having courted girls before. - He expressed his readiness to die if it would do good to his - He grew pale and sickly having been jilted by Leonor. family and country. - In his letter to Blumentritt, he accused Leonor of infidelity - He called himself “Laong-Laan” which means “Ever Ready” - His love turned to hatred. - Galicano Apacible, a UST friend, consoled him by saying Frustration in Madrid there are many girls in the world. - Rizal went to Madrid to bring his protest against the - He informed Rizal that the daughter of Pi y Margall, was injustices done by Gov. Weyler and the Dominicans to the deeply in love with him, ready to marry him. Calamba farmers at the Ministry of Colonies headed by Leonor Rivera Finally Got Married Minister Fabie. - On Leonor‟s side, she was mad at Rizal having been very - The meeting was fruitless; no compromise was reached. quiet. - He even asked his comrades in the Asociacion Hispano- - She said that she still loved Rizal, that her decision to Filipina to assist him marry was not because she no longer loved him. - Asked the Spanish media: La Justicia, El Dia, El Globo-- to - She did it because she thought Rizal no longer loved her. publish article about the issue to exert pressure on the - 11 years of waiting was too long. government. - Leonor wasn’t getting younger and lamented the fact that - Del Pilar and Dominador Gomez helped him, too. Rizal didn’t bother to see her. Panganiban Dies (1863-1890) - Rizal could have misunderstood her. - Called “Avenger of Filipino Honor” - Leonor married Henry Kipping, an Englishman in Manila. - Born in Mambulao, Camarines Norte, on February 1, 1863. The Leader of All Filipinos - A good friend and co-worker of Rizal. - In a banquet at Calle de Atocha some Filipinos proposed - He was Bicolandia's greatest contribution to the historic for the creation of a movement to bind the colony together campaign for reforms more popularly called the - A leader called “Responsible” would be the official Propaganda Movement. representative of all Filipinos abroad. - He wrote articles for La Solidaridad, under the pen names - Rizal felt he would be the rightful person. Jomapa and J.M.P. - Others thought otherwise. - Died in Barcelona, Spain, on August 19, 1890. - They endorsed MH del Pilar‟s candidacy. - Rizal wrote the “Eulogy to Panganiban,” whom he admired - In the 1st meeting, Eduardo de Lete presided. as an energetic patriot who had pure love for the country. - Rizal was in favor of the creation of a new movement. Duel for Nelly’s Honor - Del Pilar objected because to him they already have the La - August 1890 – Rizal had a heated argument with Antonio Solidaridad and the AHP to take care of the said objectives. Luna - His argument lost was overruled. - Reason: Luna made tactless remarks about Nelly, the girl - A committee was formed to draw the statutes. he had courted but chose Rizal - Rizal and Del Pilar became the two candidates. - Rizal was offended by Luna‟s remarks and attempted to - They both wanted to withdraw. attack the latter - The rule of the election: the winner must garner 2/3 - The two exchanged words. majority vote - Rizal challenged Luna to a duel. He offered Luna to choose - 1st Balloting- Rizal was ahead but not enough between a pistol or saber. - 2nd and 3rd Balloting- the same results - Luna chose the saber. - The meeting adjourned J.A.K.E 11 of 25  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 - The next day, del Pilar was absent Rizal in Hong Kong - The results didn‟t change - November 20, 1891– Rizal arrived in Hongkong - Rizal grew impatient. - His friends welcomed him including Jose Ma. Basa - He announced his withdrawal from the race - He established his residence at D‟Aguilar St. Rednaxella - He bade farewell. But Ponce quickly asked Lete, Sandiko, Terrace on top of the seaman‟s bar Luna and others to shift their votes to Rizal. - He put up a medical clinic there - Dominador Gomez spoke in behalf of the Pilaristas saying - A few days before Christmas, his father, brother and they changed their votes for the sake of unity. Silvestre Ubaldo arrived - Thus, Rizal was voted unanimously. - Later, his mother and sisters Lucia, Josefa and Trinidad - Rizal gave his admonitions to the group in his acceptance also arrived speech. - He noticed that his mother at 65 years old was almost - Rizal blamed Lete for the election fiasco blind - Expressed disappointment with del Pilar - On Christmas day, he celebrated it with his family, after - He said it would have been disappointing news to the four years. nationalist movement in Manila to know that Rizal was Medical Practice defeated because he was the acknowledged leader back - He put up a clinic in order to earn some money home. - He met some doctors including Dr. Lorenzo Marques who A Biarritz Interlude recommended him to his ophthalmologic clients - Rizal went to see Nelly in Biarritz. - His successful medical practice made him popular to - He finally decided to marry Nelly Boustead. Asians and Europeans alike - Conditions made by Nelly‟s father: - His friends sent him books and equipment in support of his - Abort all travels abroad and stay with Nelly great job - Practice medicine and stay away from politics - He also successfully restored his mother‟s eyesight again. - Become a Protestant before marriage Writings in Hong Kong - Rizal, however, decided to back down from his proposal - Rizal translated the “The Rights of Man” in Tagalog (about thinking he wasn‟t ready yet to answer the given conditions the French Revolution in 1789) set by Nelly‟s father. - Wrote “A La Nacion Española” which was an appeal to Printing of the El Filibusterismo Spain to rectify the wrongs committed by the Spaniards - February 1891 – Rizal went back to Brussels to edit and against the Calamba tenants. revise the novel. - Also wrote “Sa Mga Kababayan” - End of May 1891 – it was ready for printing - He also contributed articles to the Hongkong Telegraph, a - Brought the novel to Ghent because printing was cheaper British newspaper, through Frazier Smith, one of its editors. there. - When the Spanish censors discovered it, they immediately - No financial aid was sent by the Centro de Propaganda banned the Hongkong newspaper. - He had spent all his money for the printing cost Victoria Gaol Prisons - He only received P100 from his countrymen as part of his - March 1892 – Rizal wrote about his visit to Victoria Gaol, allowance the colonial prison in Hongkong. - He was abandoned by the society after just a month. - He wrote that the British prison was more humane and - He was consoled by the financial help given by Valentin more modern than the cruel Spanish prison system in the Ventura Philippines. - The novel was printed at F. Meyer van Loo Press - Gave the original manuscripts to Ventura The Borneo Colonozation Project Rizal Resigns - To save his townmates from the oppressive regime of Gov. - Before leaving for Manila: Weyler, Rizal dreamed of setting up a Filipino colony in He sent a letter of resignation as a contributor of the La North Borneo (Sabah). Solidaridad - He planned to move the landless Filipino families to He also sent a message to his compatriots his decision Borneo which he will call “New Calamba.” to give up his political leadership and fight in his own - March 7, 1892- Rizal traveled to Sandakan, Sabah to This news saddened many Propaganda members negotiate with the British government re: a possible - He quickly visited Nelly to bid goodbye establishment of a Filipino colony there. - He will go back to the Philippines to take care of his - He boarded the steamer Menon family‟s problems - He was offered the lands over the Bengkoka River near the - He boarded the SS Melbourne, a ship from Marseilles Maradu Bay bound to Hong Kong. - The British North Borneo Company agreed to give about - He was with the company of many friars including Fr. 100,000 acres of land free of charge if Rizal would be able Volunteri, less like Fr. Damaso to bring in 50 families who will migrate to the area. - Rizal thought this was enough to compensate the lands they lost in Calamba. J.A.K.E 12 of 25  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 - He called this the British North Borneo Colonization to keep in strictest secrecy the decisions of the Liga Project.” authorities - May 1892- Rizal returned to the country with the ff. to have symbolic name which he cannot change until he reasons: becomes president of his council - To confer with Gov. Despujol re: the Borneo Colonization to report to the fiscal anything that he may hear which Project: affect the Liga To establish the La Liga Filipina; To behave well as befits a good Filipino To request the lifting of the exile order against his To help fellow members in all ways family; and Rizal Arrested and Jailed in Fort Santiago To prove to the propagandists that he had not - On July 6, 1892, Wednesday, Rizal went to Malacañang abandoned the country Palace to resume his series of interviews with the governor- general. He was asked about the Pobres Frailes (Poor The Second Homecoming Friars) incriminatory leaflets which allegedly found in - June 26, 1892- Rizal and his sister Lucia arrived in Manila Lucia‟s pillow cases. it is under the authorship of Fr. - They were met by carabineers and their luggage were Jacinto and printed by the Imprenta de los Amigos del Pais, inspected. Manila. - They checked in at the Hotel de Oriente - Rizal was placed under arrest and escorted to Fort - In the afternoon, Rizal went to Malacañang to seek Santiago by Ramon Despujol, nephew and aide of Governor audience with the governor. General Despujol - The Governor granted pardon to his father except to his - On July 7, 1892, the Gaceta de Manila published the story brother and brothers in law of Rizal‟s arrest which produced indignant commotion - He was told to return on the 29th of the month, Wednesday. among the Filipino people, particularly the members of the Trip to Luzon newly organized Liga Filipina. The same issue of the Gaceta - June 27, 1892 – Rizal boarded a train bound to the (july 7, 1892) contained Governor General Despujol‟s provinces. decree deporting Rizal to “one of the islands in the South.” - He visited his friends from Malolos, San Fernando, Tarlac - On July 14, 1892, shortly after midnight (that is 12:30AM of and Bacolor, Pampanga July 15, 1892), Rizal was brought under heavy guard to the - Unknowingly, he was followed and watched carefully by steamer Cebu which was sailing for Dapitan. This steamer spies sent by the government. under Captain Delgras departed at 1:00AM, July 15, sailing - The Guardia Civil raided the houses he visited and seized south, passing Mindoro and Panay and reaching Dapitan copies of the Noli and Fili found in their possession. on Sunday, the 17th of July at 7:00PM. Captain Delgras handed Rizal to Captain Ricardo Carnicero, Spanish FOUNDING OF THE LA LIGA FILIPINA, DAPITAN EXILE commandant of Dapitan. So, July 17, 1892, Rizal began his Founding of the La Liga Filipina exile in lonely Dapitan, until July 31, 2896, for a period of - On July 3, 1892, on the evening of Sunday, following his four years. morning interview with Governor General Despujol, Rizal Jose Rizal’s Prosecution and Exile in Dapitan attended a meeting with patriots at the home of the - Jose Rizal's arrival in Manila on June 26, 1892 had become Chinese-Filipino mestizo, Doroteo Ongjunco, on Ylaya very sensational among the Filipinos. His popularity feared Street, Tondo, Manila. the Spaniards, and as such, paid careful attention to his - Rizal explained the objectives of the Liga Filipina, a civic every move – all houses where he had been searched and league of Filipinos, which he desired to establish and its the Filipinos seen in his company were suspected. As he role in the socio-economic life of the people. had planned, on July 3, 1892 he founded the La Liga - The officers of the new league were elected, as follows: Filipina in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco in Tondo, Manila. Ambrosio Salvador (President) - Four days after the civic organization's foundation, Jose Deodato Arellano (Secretary) Rizal was arrested by the Spanish authorities on four Bonifacio Arevalo (Treasurer) grounds: Agustin de la Rosa (Fiscal) For publishing anti-Catholic and anti-friar books and - The motto of the Liga Filipina: Onus Instar Omnium (One articles; Like All) For having in possession a bundle of handbills, the - The governing body of the league was the Supreme Council Pobres Frailes, in which advocacies were in violation of which had jurisdiction over the whole country. It was the Spanish orders; composed of a president, a secretary, a treasurer, and a For dedicating his novel, El Filibusterismo to the three fiscal. There was a Provincial Council in every province and “traitors” (Gomez, Burgos and Zamora) and for a Popular Council in every town. emphasizing on the novel's title page that “the only - The duties of the Liga members are as follows: salvation for the Philippines was separation from the Obey the orders of the Supreme Council mother country (referring to Spain)”; and to help in recruiting new members For simply criticizing the religion and aiming for its exclusion from the Filipino culture. J.A.K.E 13 of 25  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL: BSN 4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER MIDTERM 2023 - Aboard the steamer Cebu and under heavy guard, Rizal left classroom nowadays. Classes were conducted from 2 pm Manila, sailing to Mindoro and Panay, until he reached to 4 p.m. with the teacher sitting on a hammock while the Dapitan at seven o'clock in the evening of July 17. students sat on a long bamboo bench. - From that day until July 31, 1896, Dapitan became the bear As an Agriculturist witness to one of the most fruitful periods in Rizal's life. His - Rizal devoted time in planting important crops and fruit- stay in the province was more than “he” living in exile – it bearing trees in his 16-hectare land (later, reaching as large was the period when Rizal had been more focused on as 70 hectares). He planted cacao, coffee, sugarcane, and serving the people and the society through his civic works, coconuts, among many others. He even invested part of his medical practices, land development and promotion of earnings from being a medical practitioner and his 6000- education. peso winnings from a lottery on lands. From the United - In Dapitan, Rizal had a scholarly debate with Father Pablo States, he imported agricultural machinery and introduced Pastells regarding religion. This exchange of heated to the native farmers of Dapitan the modern agricultural arguments revealed the anti-Christian Rizal – his bitterness methods. Rizal also visualized of having an agricultural on the abuses performed by friars, doing such under the colony in Sitio Ponot, within the Sindañgan Bay. He name of the sacred religion. Father Pastells tried his best believed that the area was suitable for cattle-raising and to win Rizal back to the faith but fortunately or for cash-crops as the area had abundant water. unfortunately, in vain. These series of debate ended Unfortunately, this plan did not materialize. inconclusively in which neither of them convinced the As a Businessman other of his judgments/arguments. - The adventurous Rizal, with his partner, Ramon Carreon, - Rizal had maximized his stay in Dapitan by devoting much tried his luck in the fishing, hemp and copra industries. In a of his time in improving his artistic and literary skills; doing letter to his brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, he pointed agricultural and civic projects; engaging in business out the potential of the fishing industry in the province (as activities, and writing letters to his friends in Europe, the area was abundant with fish and good beach). He also particularly to Ferdinand Blumentritt and Reinhold Rost. requested that two good Calamba fishermen be sent to His careers and achievements in different fields were as Dapitan to teach the fisher folks of the new fishing follows: methods, using a big net called pukutan. But the industry in As a Physician which Rizal became more successful was in hemp, - Rizal provided free medicine to his patients, most of them shipping the said product to a foreign firm in Manila. were underprivileged. However, he also had wealthy As An Inventor patients who paid him well enough for his excellent - Little was known of Rizal as an inventor. In 1887, during his surgical skill. Among them were Don Ignacio Tumarong medical practice in Calamba, he invented a special type of who gave Rizal 3000 pesos for restoring his sight, an lighter called sulpukan which h he sent to Blumentritt as a Englishman who gave him 500 pesos, and Aklanon gift. According to Rizal, the wooden lighter's mechanism haciendero, Don Francisco Azcarraga, who paid him a was based on the principle of compressed air. Another of cargo of sugar. His skill was put into test in August 1893 his inventions was the wooden brick-maker can when his mother, Doña Teodora Alonzo, was placed under manufacture about 6,000 bricks a day. ophthalmic surgery for the third time. The operation was a As An Artist success, however, Alonzo, ignored her son's instructions - Rizal had contributed his talent in the Sisters of Charity and removed the bandages in her eyes which lead to who were preparing for the arrival of the image of the Holy irritation and infection. Virgin. Rizal was actually the person who modeled the As an Engineer image's right foot and other details. He also - Rizal applied his knowledge through the waterworks conceptualized its curtain, which was oil-painted by a system he constructed in Dapitan. Going back to his Sister under his instruction. He also made sketches of academic life, Rizal obtained the title of expert surveyor anything which attracted him in Dapitan. Among his (perito agrimensor) from the Ateneo Municipal. From his collections were the three rare fauna species that he practical knowledge as agrimensor, he widened his discovered (dragon/lizard, frog and beetle) and the fishes knowledge by reading engineering-related books. As a he caught. He also sculptured the statuette called “The result, despite the inadequacy of tools at hand, he Mother's Revenge” which represented his dog, Syria, succes