Rizal (Prelim) PDF

RIZAL (PRELIM) WEEK 1: THE RIZAL LAW June 12, 1956 (Flag Day) - Sen. Claro M. Recto (co- author/sponsored the bill in the senate: Jose P. Laurel) THE CONQUEST filed a measure which became the original Rizal Bill. Un...

RIZAL (PRELIM) WEEK 1: THE RIZAL LAW June 12, 1956 (Flag Day) - Sen. Claro M. Recto (co- author/sponsored the bill in the senate: Jose P. Laurel) THE CONQUEST filed a measure which became the original Rizal Bill. Under the bill it shall be obligatory for college and university Miguel Lopez de Legazpi students to study the life and works of Dr. Rizal.  First Governor of the Philippines. June 12, 1956-a compromise bill was filed and authored  established the Encomienda system. by Sen. Jose P. Laurel. It is approved by the Philippine  was sent to the Philippines in 1965 by Phillip II, Legislature as Republic Act 1425; otherwise known as the new king of Spain, and also Portugal. Rizal Law.  founded the city of Manila under Spain in 1571 after taking it from Rajah Sulayman. Positive effects: SYSTEMS AND POLICIES UNDER SPAIN  aware of the contributions and the principled life of Jose Rizal 1. ENCOMIENDA  role model for the youth -The first government system adopted by Spain in the  Essence of freedom and independence was islands. -A system of landholding wherein individuals loyal emphasized to the youth. to Spain were granted land as trustees  national identity 2. PATRONATO REAL (royal patronage) Negative effects: -The unity of Spain and the Catholic Church.  Faith of the people is being compromised. -It puts the Church under the authority of the government  Question the credibility of the church and its as agreed by both the king and the Pope. This gave the teachings and traditions. clergy national and local political authority. Not actually significant for the students. subject) 3. FRAILOCRACY Hero -the rule of the friars (Spanish missionaries/ regular priests) which resulted to grave abuses among civilians. - a person admired for his achievements and noble Most abusers were the "cura paroco" (parish priests) qualities and a prominent or central personage taking an -the rule of the friars or the clergy admirable action. - real person of great bravery who carries out extraordinary 4. TRIBUTE deeds -tax imposed on every individual or family to pay to the colonial government as a symbol of vassalage to Spain. It Martyr came in the form of produce or money. - one who willingly accepts being put to death for adhering openly to one's religious beliefs. 5. ISOLATION POLICY -The Philippines was secluded from the rest of Asia and Criteria in Choosing National Hero trade was confined to the GALEON TRADE (the Mexico-  must be Filipino Citizen Philippines exchange)  peace loving and pacifist -the natives were banned from engaging in any form of  great sense of patriotism intercourse with their Asian neighbors.  must have die for the sake of his country 6. POLO WEEK 2: THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH -the enforced or compulsory manual labor required for CENTURY AS RIZAL’S CONTEXT every male native between 16 to 60 years of age. PHILIPPINES UNDER SPAIN FALLA - refers to the payment exacted by anyone to The Philippines was discovered by Spain under be exempted from work FERDINAND MAGELLAN expedition on March 17, 1521.  Sent by King Charles I 7. DIVIDE AND RULE  Spain and Portugal competing on claims over the -the principle of disuniting the people (making them go Moluccas and the Philippine Islands against each other) in order to govern them more  Spaniards were only able to return to the effectively. Philippines in 1543 under the expedition of Ruy Lopez de Villalobos who named the islands as "Filipinas".  The Villalobos expedition exacted the location of the Philippines. 1  Reformation of the Protestants and the Counter- SOME OF THE FILIPINO REVOLTS AGAINST SPANISH RULE Reformation of the Catholics. 16th century The Scientific Revolution and the rise of Copernicus, Gallileo and Newton. 1. Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt (1574) or the Tagalog revolt against the Legazpi and Lavezares The Renaissance, the revival of the arts and humanities administrations. rediscovering the knowledge of the Greeks and the Roman. 2. Pampanga Revolt (1585) of Datus against Encomenderos 18th century 3. Conspiracy of the Maharlikas in Tondo (1587- 1588)  Enlightenment  The Rights for Women 4. The Cagayan and Dingras Revolts Against Tribute  Growth of Literacy and Reading. The age for the (1589) printing press 5. Magalat Revolt (1596) led by Magalat, a  The rise of modern philosophers like John Locke, Cagayano rebel writers and artists  Discussions on life, liberty and equality 17th century 1. Igorot Revolt (1601) against conversion to  Promotes progress, secularization and Christianity individualism 2. Bancao Revolt (1621-1622) for religious freedom  Society became anti divine right, favored the in Leyte separation of church and state, and the 3. Sumuroy Revolt (1649-50) of Warays of Northern proliferation of social classes Samar  The emancipation of black slaves in the United 4. Maniago Revolt (1660-1661) in Pampanga States by President Lincoln. against friar and government abuses 5. Malong Revolt (1660-1661) in Pangasinan w/ 19th century Maniago 6. Chinese Resistance of 1662 against pirate  1821. Mexican independence from Spain Koxinga Panay Revolt (1663) by Tapar a religious resulting to loss of trade in the Pacific. pagan. Zambal(es) Revolt (1681-1683) by  1834. Opening of the Philippines to World Trade Chieftains 18th century by Spain. Natives started to engage in trade. 7. Agrarian Revolt of 1745 of Batangas, Laguna and More Chinese migration to the country. Cavite  Influx of European influence. The Enlightenment 8. Dagohoy Rebellion of 88 years (1744-1829) in reached the Indios. Bohol.  Education of the Natives like Burgos, del Pilar, 9. Diego & Gabriela Silang Revolt (1762-1763) in etc. The rise of the educated middle class the Ilocos ILUSTRADOS 10. Palaris Revolt (1762-1764) during the British invasion CONDITIONS OF THE COUNTRY BEFORE THE BIRTH OF JOSE RIZAL: 19th century 1. More than 300 years of Spanish suppressive colonial 1. Novales Revolt (1823) in Manila against rule peninsulares 2. Several attempts, through revolts or uprisings, by the CAUSES OF THE FILIPINOS DEFEAT natives to drive the foreign rulers away were all futile 1. Disunity because of lack of national identity. The divide 3. The lack of unity and nationalism seemed to be the and rule strategy were an obstacle. culprit 2. Loyalty crisis because of ethnic differences 3. Self-interest EVENTS LEADING TO THE CHANGE OF SYSTEM OF 4. Lack of preparation and training. GOVERNMENT 5. Absence of sufficient weapons and firepower. 6. Geographical isolation and separation. 1. Intellectual Revolution (Enlightenment) 7. Communication gap due to language differences. 2. Industrial Revolution 3. Age of Explorations and Discoveries 4. The Opening of THE ENLIGHTENMENT OF EUROPE IN THE PHILIPPINES the Philippines to World Trade Exploration - A period of expansion for Western colonizers Dr. Otley Beyer – anthropologist Balangay Boat – seafaring vessel used before colonization 2  - After few years, the INDOS came - From 6 to 2 ships - Trading with Asian neighbors - Magellan went from Portugal to Spain - Mostly with Chinese o Because we are a land of gold and Magellan’s group arrived in the morning (Mollucas) minerals bringing imported wines, etc. PERCENTAGE: Filipino Blood Ferdinand Magellan's Arrival in the Philippines: - 40% of Malay (1st ancestor) - 30% of Indo - Magellan encountered Filipinos who were traditionally - 10% of Negritos dressed in a way that might be described as naked by - 10% of Chinese European standards. - 2% of Arab - He arrived in the Philippines by accident while attempting - 3% of Spanish to circumnavigate the globe. - 3% of American - 2% of other culture  Spanish Presence in the Visayas: - Spain had a significant presence in the Visayas region of Philippines the Philippines. - Land of Gold, precious metals, stones  Conflict with Lapu-Lapu: - consists of approximately 7,100 islands (at - After Magellan's arrival, and the chaos it caused in the present) Philippines, a confrontation occurred with Lapu-Lapu, a local chieftain. 14th Century What happened: - Spain (King Charles, West) and Portugal (King  Women were raped  Datu Lapu Lapu Manuel, East: Winner) o Head of Mactan - Pope Alexander VI, bunutan eme (made the Papal o Arrows with poison, sibat, and itak Bull Inter Caetera: which divided the world into  Magellan was hit in his thigh east and west)  Magellan was beheaded - Galeon Boat for Magellan (No engine, used big sail to move) + Note: Magellan is Portuguese Raja Humabon - 2 years, 11 months, 16 days (Travel time from - King of Cebu Spain to Asia) - First known Catholic converters (with wife) Padre Pedro De Valderama  Why do they want to colonize countries? - Officiated the first mass in the Philippines 1. Promote Religion 2. To get gold, stones Notable Figures: 3. To get spices 1. Juan Sebastian de Elcano – credited with discovering that the world is round. Moluccas (Spice) Island (Indonesian) 2. Antonio Pigafetta – historian and a chronicler who documented the events of Magellan's voyage. - Largest archipelago (group of Island) 3. Fernando Amorsolo - Painted the death of - Mallacan war (Indonesians refuse to be Magellan. colonized) - Magellan left his own country (Portugal) and Ruy Gomez De Villalobos – governor general; involved in became a Spaniard, serving King Charles the naming of the Philippines.  Philippines – from King Phillips’s name; the son of Archipelago King Charles. - Group of Island  It was called "Filipina/ Las Islas Felipenas" in - Napapaligiran ng tubig honor of King Philip. 1. Indonesia  333 YEARS – how long Philippines was colonized. 2. Japan 3. Philippines Treaty of Saragossa/Zaragoza - Spain and Portugal came to peace; signed in Treaty of Tordesillas 1529. - Since hindi sinunod ni King Charles yung Papal - It aimed to resolve conflicts over newly discovered Bull overseas territories, particularly in the East Indies - New arrangement (Asia). - Signed by blood - Death if not followed. Mallacan War - - A conflict occurred with Malaysians in Mallacan - Many men of Magellan died 3 WEEK 3 : RIZAL'S LIFE: FAMILY, CHILDHOOD AND THE RIZAL CHILDREN EARLY EDUCATION Eleven children--two boys and nine girls. José Protacio Mercado y Alonso Realonda 1. Saturnina "Neneng" (1850-1913) Born: June 19, 1861(Wednesday) in Calamba Laguna. Oldest of the Rizal children Died: December 30, 1896 Husband: Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan Batangas. Protacio 2. Paciano "señor Paciano" (1851-1930) - caretaker - taken from the catholic calendar - Older brother and confident of Rizal Mercado -After his younger brother's execution, he joined the Philippine Revolution. - Market Rizal 3. Narcisa "sisa" (1852-1939) - Close to the spanish word Racial “luntirang Husband: Antonio Lopez, a school teacher of Morong bukirin” 4. Olimpia "Ypia" (1855-1887) - died in childbirth Alonzo – Husband: Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from - Surename of Rizal’ s mother manila. Realonda 5. Lucia (1857-1919) - used by Doña Teodora , surename of her Husband: Mariano Herbosa godmother 6. Maria "Biang" (1859-1945) Baptized three days later by Fr. Rufino Collantes at St. Husband: Daniel Faustino John the Baptist parish of Calamba. 7. Jose Protacio "Pepe" (1861-1896) Fr. Pedro Casañas Partner: Josephine Bracken - stood as his godfather (ninong). Son: Francisco, died after few hours from birth Father 8. Concepcion "Concha" (1862-1865) - died early, - Francisco Mercado Rizal (b. May 11, 1818-d. (playmate/bestfriend of pepe) 9. Josefa "Panggoy" (1865- January 5, 1898) "kikoy" 1945) - spinster Rizal's great-great grandfather - epileptic - Her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life -Domingo Lam-co, a migrant from Amoy (Guanzhou), China. 10. Trinidad "Trining" (1868-1951) Wife: Inez De la Rosa daughter of Austin Cinco - spinster - custodian of Mi Ultimo Adios - Both rizal's grandfather and great grandfather Francisco - administered much Rizal's properties in Dapitan became Capitanes or town mayors of Biñan - Old maid Mother 11. Soledad "Choleng" (1870-1929) Husband: Pantaleon Quintero - Teodora Alonzo y Realonda "Dona Lolay" (b. November 8, 1826-d. August 16, 1911). - Educated at College of Sta. Rosa wellknown for college Rizal's family was one of the richest families in Calamba city for girls. "Principalia" June 28, 1848 - Rizal's father married Teodora Alonzo The main source of their livelihood was the sugarcane plantation which was being rented from 1849 the Dominicans. Gov. Narciso Claveria - issued the decree on the The farm also had coconut (copra), rice fields, fruit- Hispanization of Filipino names, he chose the new bearing trees and a large turkey farm. surname Carriage – Symbol of Illustrados Lieutenant General Jose Lemery Rizal's Favorite book "The Moth and the Flame" from the - Governor General of the Philippines at the time book, El Amigo de los Ninos. Rizal was born. 1876 Dr. Austin CRAIG - Rizal was 15 years old he wrote “A mi Pueblo” - The first to trace Jose Rizal’ s Family Roots - In Memory of my town 4  RIZAL CHILDHOOD MEMORIES 3 Uncles in Mother Side Rizal ancestral house in Calamba - A large, two-storey building built of adobe stones, Tio Jose Alberto hardwood and tiled roof - Inspired Rizal to develop his artistic ability - The family had a huge dining table and a big - Sketching ceiling fan. - Drawing using pencil or charcoal - They also had a library of more than a thousand Tio Manuel volumes of Latin and Spanish books. - Help him to develop his frail body - In their backyard there is a nipa hut, a native - By means of physical exercises house whose roof was made of thatched cogon - Walking grass and bamboo wall, where the children - Horse riding played. - Wrestling - Tio Gregorio The Rizal family was also the first native family in - Love for education Calamba to own a horse-drawn carriage, called the - A book lover “carruaje” - Intensified his vicarious reading of good books Rizal was Fr. Leoncio Lopez - Frail - Old and learned parish priest of Calamba - Sickly - Fostered Rizal’s love for scholarship and - Undersized intellectual honestly. - He was given the tenderest care by his parents It was a typical schooling that a son of a Illustrado family Aya received during his time - Nurse maid - Look after Rizal’s comfort 4 R’s  Reading Birds Rizal used to listen in their garden  Writing - Culiauan  Arithmetic - Maya  Religion - Maria capra - Martin Doña Teodora (Rizal’s mother) - Pipit - Rizal’s first teacher During 6pm Rizal’s mother gathers all her children to pray Private tutors ANGELUS Maestro Celestino - 1st Tutor Azotea Maestro Lucas Padua – 2nd - Rooftop Leon Monroy - Old man, former classmate of Rizal’s father. - Tutor for Spanish and latin  Nocturnal walk in the town, specially when there was a moon. EDUCATION  Age of 3: Began to join religious processions, novena in the church June 1869  Age of 5: Able to read spanish bible with the help - At the age of 9 of his mother Nearly age of 7 - Rizal left Calamba For Biñan to study.  (june 6, 1968) : Brought by his father to a - Together with Paciano ( acted has his 2nd father) pilgrimage in Antipolo  At the age of 8 Rizal wrote his first Poem “ Sa Carromata aking mga Kababata” To my Fello Children. - Mode of Transportation  Age of 8, he also wrote his first dramatic work - Which was a tagalog comedy. Maestro Justiniano Aquino - Rizal Formal teacher Rizal as a boy magician - was a renowned teacher adept in Latin and - Making a coin appear or disappear in his fingers Spanish grammar. - Making a handkerchief vanish in thin air. - Former teacher of Paciano Influences on Rizal’s Boyhood "Spare the rod and spoil the child. " - Maxim believed by Justiano - Hereditary influence - Environmental influence Pedro - Divine Providence - The bully 5  - Rizal defeated him RIZAL'S FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO - First Brawl of Rizal First professor - Father Jose Bech Andres Salandanan - Rizal was placed at the bottom of the class - Rizal almost broke his arm during a “bunong - At the end of the month Rizal became an emperor braso” or arm-wrestling match Brightest pupil in the class Juancho - Took private lessons in Santa Isabel college to - Father-in-law of the school teacher improve his Spanish - Freely gave Rizal painting and drawing lessons. - He finished second Leandro - His cousin’s Son RIZAL'S SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO Jose Guevarra - Received a gold medal - Painting partner in the class of Juancho - Rizal finished Bachiller en Artes - Favorite book in High school - Count of Monte Cristo WEEK 4: INJUSTICE, LIBERALISM, AND - Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez - Best prof of rizal in Ateneo GOMBURZA MARTYRDOM MEDICAL STUDIES AT UST (1877-1882) Ateneo De Manila 1872-1877 First Course - Philosophy & Letter - Ateneo is formerly known as "Escuela Pia" - a school 1878 - Rizal shifted to medicine for poor boys Perito Agrimensor (Expert Surveyor) - Vocational course - Run by Jesuits Rizal took in Ateneo while studying at UST UNFORTUNATE EVENTS BEFORE ATENEO LITERARY WORKS  "A La Juventud Filipina” (To the Filipino Youth) - Injustice to Jose Rizal's mother (imprisoned for 2 1879 years)Two family & friends of rizal betrayed them and - Written by rizal when he was 18 years old. forced teodora to walk from calamba to sta. cruz (50 Sponsored by Liceo Artistico-Literario km) (Artistic Literary Lyceum) - Martryrdom of Gomburza  "El consejo de los Dioses” (Counsel of the God) - Gomburza was Invicted as leaders of cavite mutiny. - written by Rizal on 1880. Sponsored by Paciano is a protégé (student) of Jose Burgos Liceo Artistico-Literario (Artistic Literary Lyceum) as a tribute for Cervantes Cavite Mutiny – January 20, 1872 - Racism by Spanish students calling Filipinos calling - Around 200 Filipino soldiers and laborers rose up Filipinos "Indio, Chonggo" against Spanish oppression - Rizal retaliated them by "Kastila Bangus" - led by a certain Filipino soldier Sgt. Lamadrid Spanish - Rizal Established "Companierismo” (Comradeship) members were called "Companions of Jehu" - Spanish colonial government used Cavite mutiny to implicate three Filipino priests, Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora, collectively known as DECISIONS TO GO TO EUROPE GOMBURZA and other Filipino leaders. - To complete his medical course in Barcelona - Jose Rizal dedicated his second novel, El - To observe & study European Society Filibusterismo to the executed priests. - To prepare himself for the task of liberation June 10, 1872 – Rizal took the entrance exam - To make a name for himself in the field of Journalism - First choice of university was Colegio of San juan de THE ARREST AND DETENTION OF RIZAL'S MOTHER letran (Rival of Ateneo) - One of the turning points of Jose Rizal's life, which Father Magin Ferrando - College registrar who refused to had a profound influence on his becoming a political admit rizal because: activist later on, was the unjust arrest of his mother. - His mother based on a malicious and concocted - Late for registration charge was accused to have conspired with her - Sickly and undersized for his age brother, Jose Alberto, in an attempt to kill the latter's Backer: Manuel Xerez Burgos - Nephew of father burgos 6  wife by poisoning, despite the lack of evidence - censorship was abolished and government against her. criticism were also accepted - But what made the arrest even worse was her - Reforms recommended by various sectors humiliating treatment at the hands of authorities who were welcomed. made her walk all the way from Calamba to the provincial jail in Santa Cruz, which was 50 kilometers Some of the reforms that were considered or introduced far. by the new administration were as follows: - (It was payback time for the arresting Spanish 1. The Filipinization of Parishes: the handing down of officials who had some grudges with Don Kikoy parishes to secular priests once the missionaries are (nickname of Don Francisco.) There she was transferred to new assignments imprisoned for two years before gaining her freedom. 2. The abolition of polo in Cavite which affected the - All these she took with calm and quiet dignity, which agricultural economy of the province and the people Rizal though only a child of eleven about to embark themselves; on secondary school in Manila would remember. 3. The lifting of heavy taxes to native military - The case could have ended before 1873 and servicemen and other reforms in the army; Teodora should have been freed by then, but 4. The Education Decree of 1869 which placed all because of the intervention of Mayor Antonio schools under government supervision. This pave the Vivencio Del Rosario the case was reopened in the way for natives' children to enter college or university; Royal Audiencia. and - Don Francisco had to hire two of some of the best 5. The creation of the Guardia Civil which was truly lawyers from Manila as defense lawyers for her wife's intended for the protection of the civilians from case bandits, pirates and ordinary criminals. - Rizal’s mother was released because of Izquierdo,  Fr. Pedro Pelaez – pioneered the secular the who got fond of one of the little girls (they presented Parishes. him a dance). He called for her and asked her to dance again. - Since the beginning of the colonial period parishes - the little girl was Soledad, who wished for her mother have been traditionally awarded to missionaries, the to come home for she had been in prison for a ling regular Spanish priests. This was due to the Spanish time. distrust among natives. - After the death of Pedro Pelaez, his follower Fr. Jose Additional Information Burgos took his place to champion the seculars. - the biological mother of Soledad was Saturnina - Fr. Mariano Gomez and the young Fr. Jacin Zamora - Saturnina and Jose Alberto (Teodora’s brother) had a later joined him. secret relationship and their daughter was said to be - The founding of the republic in Spain created issues Soledad that would take the Philippines back to the old ways. One of these issues was that Spain cannot be a LIBERALISM AND THE REIGN OF TERROR Spanish kingdom without a traditional monarch, and - In September 1868, Generals Juan Prim and so, they made one in the person of Amadeo of Savoy, Francisco Serrano denounced the oppressive the new king under the new Spanish Constitution. government of Queen Isabella II. - Another issue was that the liberalism achieved by - They launched a revolution and much of the Spanish Spain must only be confined in Spain while the army defected to the revolutionary generals' side. colonies must still have separate set of laws that - The queen made a brief show of force at the Battle of would not endanger Spanish interests. Alcolea, where her loyal moderate generals under - With Serrano's power in government already Manuel Pavia were defeated by General Serrano. transferred to the Spanish Cortes, the lawmaking - Isabella, then, crossed into France and retired from body, a new administrative policy was implemented Spanish politics to Paris, where she would remain for the colonies. until her death in 1904 - Military rule was restored in the Philippines as a new - Francisco Serrano became the Marshal Regent of Governor-General arrived to replace Gov. Carlos Ma. Spain. dela Torre. - Eventually, with the will of the people, Serrano - With a vow to erase from the minds of the Filipinos created a republican form of government and ended the joys of the liberalism and a dream for a future absolute monarchy in Spain. independence, military action was executed by - This move started to pave the way for liberal reforms Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo. to be introduced not only in Spain but also in the - He immediately reversed all the reforms of the colonies. former governor and used the Guardia Civil to protect - A new Governor General was named for the the interests of the government from the civilian Philippines, Carlos Ma. dela Torre. population. - As a consequence, he attracted enemies from  Gov. Carlos Ma. Dela Torre was probably the best various sectors which were affected by his new administrator the Philippines policies - During dela Torre's reign his liberal policies would highly favor the people of Manila and THE CAVITE MUTINY AND MARTYRDOM the rest of the territory. - The Cavite Mutiny took place at an arsenal in Cavite, on January 20, 1872. 7 - Around 200 Filipino soldiers and laborers rose up  “Por La Educacion Recibe Lustre La Patria," on against Spanish oppression in the hope of starting a the benefits that mankind derives from national uprising. education. - The mutiny was unsuccessful, and the Spanish  "El Cautiverio y El Triunto: Batalla de Lucena y La executed many of the participants and began to Prison de Boabdil," an account on a 16th century crack down on a growing nationalist movement. Spanish event - The primary cause of the mutiny was believed to be  “La Entrada Triunfal de los Reyes Catolicos en on the order of Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo Granada," which recounted a Spanish Triumph to subject the Filipino laborers in the Engineering and over the Moors Artillery Corps in Cavite to pay personal taxes, from which they were previously exempt during the term of 1877 Governor- General Carlos Ma. dela Torre.  "El Heroismo de Colon," a tribute to Columbus - The taxes required them to pay a monetary sum and  "Colon y Juan II," another Columbian tribute to perform forced labor (polo) as well.  "Gran Consuelo en La Mayor Desdicha," on the - The mutiny started on January 20, when the laborers discovery of America received their pay and realized that the taxes and the  "Un Dialogo Alusivo a La Despedida de los falla, the fine one paid to be exempt from forced Colegiales," a farewell poem for his Atenean labor, were deducted from them. colleagues. - The mutiny, led by a certain Filipino soldier Sgt. Lamadrid, was used by Spanish colonial government WOMANIZING AND FRATERNITIES to implicate three Filipino priests, Mariano Gomez, 1. Julia – Jose was fifteen when he met Julia. Jose and Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora, collectively known Julia were just way too young and innocent to have a as GOMBURZA and other Filipino leaders. real relationship at that time so they eventually forgot - The three were avid advocates of the Secularization about one another. of the Parishes. 2. Segunda Katigbak – Olimpia was a close friend of - On January 27, 1872 Governor-General Izquierdo Segunda. That was apparent that Rizal and Segunda approved the death sentences on forty-one of the loved each other. Theirs was indeed "a love at first mutineers. sight". - On February 6, eleven more were sentenced to 3. Miss L – He described her as a very attractive girl death, but these were commuted to life with seductive eyes. She probably have melted him imprisonment. Others were exiled to Guam. when they first met the Rizal was at their home on a - Those who were exiled were able to make their way daily basis for two consecutive weeks. He to more progressive places like London, Hong Kong, discontinued seeing the girl because of the advice of or Tokyo. his mother. - They were able to start small movements that were 4. Leonor Valenzuela – daughter of Juan and Capitana to help the Philippine Revolution. Sarday Valenzuela. He courted her and the two became steady. Rizal's first poem in Ateneo was entitled "Mi Primera 5. Leonor Rivera – Rizal would name Leonor as Taimis Inspiracion" (My First Inspiration), 1874. It was solemnly in his coded letters to her. This affair would last for dedicated to his mother on the occasion of her birthday 11 years. On the occasion of Christmas in that same year, he wrote WEEK 5: MADRID STUDIES, PARISIAN LIFE, "A la Virgen Maria” and “Al Niño Jesus". The others that TOUR OF EUROPE he wrote in the following years were as follows: 1875 RIZAL'S FIRST TRAVEL ABROAD  "Felicitacion": dedicated to his brother-in-law - Rizal's departure for Spain was kept secret. Antonio Lopez - The people who knew about this were:  "El Embarque: Himno a la Flota de Magallanes,"  Paciano - who gave him 700 pesos and promised a tribute to Magellan a monthly allowance of 35 pesos  "Y Es Español: Elcano, el Primero en dar la Vuelta  Uncle Antonio Rivera – who encouraged him to el Mundo," a tribute to the circumnavigator of the seek his luck abroad world.  Saturnina - his sister who gave her diamond ring  "El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo," a - Rizal used his cousin's passport named Jose historical account Mercado 1876 THE VOYAGE  "La Tragedia de San Eustaqio," which recounted May 3, 1882 – Rizal boarded the Salvadora. His friend the tragic story of St. Eustace, a Spanish martyr Chenggoy was the one who see him off. of the church  Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo," a description of his May 8, 1882 – the steamship reached Singapore. town as he saw it in his childhood days - He stayed at Hotel de Paz  "La Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena - Transferred to the French steamer Djemnah bound Educacion," on the importance of education and for Europe religion to the salvation of man 8 May 15, 1882 - the steamer reached Point de Galle, their specific goals were Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 1. representation of the Philippines in the Cortes, or Spanish parliament; May 18, 1882 PM - the ship reached Colombo, Ceylon. 2. secularization of the clergy; From here, the ship crossed the Indian Ocean 3. legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality; 4. creation of a public school system independent June 2, 1882 - the steamer reached the Suez Canal, the of the friars; terminal of the Red Sea. 5. abolition of the polo (labor service)and vandala De Lesseps, Ferdinand Marie, (19 November 1805 – (forced sale of local products to the government); December 1894) was the French developer of the Suez 6. guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and Canal association; 7. and equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish June 11, 1882 - Rizal reached the city of Naples on Italy to enter government service June 12, 1882 - the steamer docked at the French harbor Marseilles. 1882 - Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipina, - From Marseilles, Rizal took a train to Barcelo composed of Filipinos and Spaniards who advocated reforms to the Philippine government founded by Juan ARTICLES WRITTEN ABROAD Atayde. - Rizal was asked to contribute an article to the - He wrote the poem "Mi Piden Versos" for the society. Diariong Tagalog by Basilio Teodoro Moran, an (They Asked Me For Verses) editorial staffer - Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin and Eugene - He wrote an essay entitled "Amor Patrio❞ using Sue's The Wandering Jew - These books aroused his "Laong Laan" as his pen name. sympathy for his oppressed people. - The newspaper was founded by Marcelo H. del Pilar in Manila. 1883 - Rizal joined the Masons, a group of liberal and - Francisco Calvo, the editor praised Rizal, and asked republican thinkers. He used Dimasalang as his Masonic him to contribute more. name. - Rizal wrote another article, "Los Viajes." - His last article "Revista de Madrid" was not published June, 21, 1884 - Rizal completed his studies in Medicine because the newspaper ceased publication. 1884-1885 - he studied and passed all the subjects SAD NEWS FROM HOME leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine - An epidemic broke out in the Philippines - A cholera had killed many lives of Filipinos Noli Me Tangere (Touch me not) in 1886 - Leonor was very much depressed because of his El Filibusterismo (The reign of greed) in 1891 departure - Cholera is an infectious disease that can cause OTHER IMPORTANT PROPAGANDISTS severe diarrhea, dehydration, and death. Graciano Lopez Jaena - a noted orator and pamphleteer - Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that is who had left the islands for Spain in 1880 after the caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. publication of his satirical short novel, Fray Botod - Rizal left Barcelona and established himself in (Brother Fatso), an unflattering portrait of a provincial Madrid friar. A STUDENT OF MADRID Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt - an Austrian geographer and November 3, 1882 - Rizal enrolled at the Universidad ethnologist whom Rizal had met in Germany Central de Madrid  July 31, 1886, Rizal wrote a letter to Professor - He enrolled Medicine and Philosophy and Letters Ferdinand Blumentritt, Director of the Ateneo studied painting and sculpture de Leitmeritz in Austria. - Took language lessons in French, German, and - Rizal gave him a book entitled English at the Academy of San Carlos “Arithmetica ” by Rufino Baltazar - Honed his fencing and shooting skills at the Hall of Hernandez. Blumentritt gave him a set of Arms Sanz y Carbonell books in return Marcelo Del Pilar - a reform-minded lawyer. he became “TORN BETWEEN TWO LOVERS” editor of La Solidaridad and assumed leadership of the - Rizal was welcomed in the house of Don Pablo Ortiga Filipino community in Spain. y Rey, a former civil governor in Manila - Don Pablo has a Filipina wife and two daughters: 1883- Rizal joined the Masonry; his first masonic lodge Pilar and Consuelo. was "Acacia" - It was Consuelo who awakened the heart of Rizal to June 21, 1884 - completed his medicine studies at love anew Universidad Central de Madrid - He did not pursue his love for Consuelo because he - He was not awarded his doctor's diploma. still loved Leonor and he was planning to leave Nevertheless, he was given his Licentiate in Medicine Madrid after his studies. and was entitled to practice. - Consuelo chose Eduardo de Lete over Rizal. THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT 9 1887 - Returned to the island, but because of the furor Prepared and arranged by: surrounding the appearance of Noli Me Tangere the previous year, he was advised by the governor to leave. November 15, 1890 - Rizal became a Master Mason in Jonavie Abiday Jannah Galano Lodge Solidaridad in Madrid. Psychological Society QC, Educational Committee ON RIZAL'S WAY TO PARIS - After graduation, Rizal prepared for a journey to Paris - He dropped by Barcelona to see his friend Maximo Viola - He was introduced to Señor Eusebio Corominas, editor of La Publicidad - Corominas introduced him to The owner Don Miguel Morayta - He submitted the article Carolines Questions for publication - In Paris, he worked as an assistant to Dr. Louis de Wecker, a French ophthalmologist - He also visited the Pardo de Taveras (Trinidad, Paz - and Felix) - He visited the studio of Juan Luna and posed as an Egyptian priest in the painting "Death of Cleopatra.” - Juan Luna posed as "Cleopatra" himself RIZAL IN GERMANY - On February 8, 1886, he left Paris due to the high cost of living there - He proceeded to Germany. - In Heidelberg, the historic German city famous for its old university and other medieval structures, he stayed in a boarding house. - Later, he transferred to the house of Pastor Karl Ullmer, a Lutheran minister. - they had discussions about the merits of religion RIZAL AS AN ASSISTANT OPTHALMOLOGIST - Here in Heidelberg, Rizal worked as an assistant ophthalmologist in the clinic of Dr. Javier Galezowski. - He also took lessons in medicine at the University under the instruction of Dr. Otto Becker. Rizal's favorite writer - He met for the first time his favorite writer/scientist Dr. Feodor Jagor, author of the "Travels in the Philippines" RIZAL’S POEM ABOUT FLOWERS - As an admiration to the scenic beauty of the countryside, Rizal wrote a poem “To the Flowers of Heidelberg” - His favorite flower was the bluish “forget-me-not” Reasons for staying in Berlin: 1. To finish writing and later publish his first novel "Noli Me Tangere" 2. To promote the existence of the Filipinos and to share their political conditions to the Germans. 3. To expose the plight of the Filipinos under Spanish rule and their desire for independence Maximo Viola - Financed the initial printing of Noli me Tangere amounting to 300 pesos 10