RIZAL-COURSE-HANDOUTS.pdf

NAME: COURSE: YEAR & SECTION: LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL Rizal was born in the 19th century. During this time, Spain’s LESSON 1: Introduction to the Course: R...

NAME: COURSE: YEAR & SECTION: LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL Rizal was born in the 19th century. During this time, Spain’s LESSON 1: Introduction to the Course: Republic Act 1425 glory and rule as a colonial power was already waning. Republic Act. No. 1425, also known as the Rizal Law has been The increasing population of the mestizos prompted the enacted on June 12, 1956 and was sponsored and authored emergence of the following social status in the society: mainly by the late Senator Jose P. Laurel and Senator Claro M. Recto. Rizal Law is a mandate to include in the course curricula 1. Peninsulares (pure-blooded Spaniards born in the of all public and private schools, colleges, and universities the Iberian Peninsula such as Spain) life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels 2. Insulares (pure-blooded Spaniards born in the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. Philippines) 3. Spanish Mestizo (one parent is Spanish, the other is a It is important to note that before the enactment of the Rizal native or Chinese Mestizo; or one parent is Chinese, Law, Senate Bill No. 438 was submitted to the Senate Committee the other is a native) on Education on April 3, 1956. It is “an Act to Include in the 4. Principalia (wealthy pure-blooded native supposedly Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and descended from the kadatoan class) Universities courses on the Life Works and Writings of JOSE 5. Indio (pure-blooded native of the Philippines or the RIZAL, particularly his novels NOLI ME TANGERE and EL Filipinos) FILIBUSTERISMO, Authorizing the Printing and Distribution 6. Chino Infiel (non-Catholic pure-blooded Chinese) Thereof, and for Other Purposes. On April 17, 1956, the bill was sponsored and presented to the members of the Senate or the Education was under the control of the friars during the 19th to Upper House by the late Senator Jose P. Laurel, who was then mid-19th century. Fear of God and obedience to the friars were the Chairman of the Committee. the main lessons taught to students. Children in the schools were taught to instill in their minds that they were inferior to According to the late Senator Jose P. Laurel the dissemination of others and were only capable of doing manual work. The ideas and ideals of Jose Rizal through the reading of his works, students’ learning was measured based on how well they read notably the NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO is the without understanding it. main purpose of the bill. He stated that “Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo must be read by all Filipinos. They must be taken It was Jose Rizal who first used the word Filipino to refer to the to heart, for in their pages we see ourselves as a mirror, our inhabitants of the country, whether they were of Spanish or defects as well as our strength, our virtues as well as our vices. Filipino blood. By the 19th century, two centuries after the Only then would we become conscious as a people, and so learn to Spaniards first came to the Philippines, the hold of the Catholic prepare ourselves for painful sacrifices that ultimately lead to Church in other Spanish colonies was already waning. Despite self-reliance, self-respect and freedom” (Laurel, Jr.,131). the Catholic Church losing its influence in other Spanish colonies, the Spanish friars played a crucial role in maintaining Meanwhile, Congressman Jacobo Z. Gonzales also filed a similar Spanish rule over the Philippines. The Filipino people relied on bill called House Bill No. 5561 to the House of Representatives. the friars for moral and political guidance due to the increasing Unfortunately, similar to Senate Bill No. 438, House Bill No. corruption among Spanish civil officials. Frailocracy, or the rule 5561 had also been opposed contending its constitutionality of the friars, gave them more power and influence in the and religiosity. It was then that a substitute bill was proposed to country. As a result, Rizal and other propagandists spoke out include all the works and writings of Jose Rizal, ruling out the against the friars' abuses of power. This further motivated exclusivity of Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo as the main reformists and nationalists to raise awareness among the features of the previous bills. Moreover, the late Senator Jose P. people about the true enemies and the need for change. Laurel asserted the importance of reading the original and unexpurgated edition of Rizal’s novel because the true purpose Significant events in the 19th century that contributed to the of studying these will be defeated if not followed. On May 12, formation and the rest of the Propagandists’ consciousness are 1956, and May 14, 1956, Senate Bill No. 438 and House Bill No. as follows: 5561 were both unanimously approved on the second reading and in the Lower House. On June 12, 1956, the bill was signed The opening of the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal was the first into law by President Ramon Magsaysay, giving birth to Republic infrastructure that paved the way for the importation of books, Act 1425 or the Rizal Law. magazines, and newspapers with liberal ideas from Europe and America. Objectives of Rizal Law The democratic leadership of Gov. Gen. Carlos Ma. Dela Torre, 1) To rededicate the lives of the youth to the ideals of freedom gave Rizal, the reformists, and the Filipinos a foretaste of and nationalism, for which our heroes lived and died; democratic rule. He established Guardia Civil. 2) To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works to shaping the Filipino character; The leadership of Gov. Gen Rafael Izquierdo, was exactly the 3) To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the study of opposite of Dela Torre’s liberal-minded rule. For him, the indios Rizal’s life, works, and writings. should not be given the same rights and freedom enjoyed by the Spaniards in the Philippines. Izquierdo was also responsible for Goals of the Teaching of Rizal Course removing the long-standing personal benefits of the workers under encomienda system. This event led to the Cavite Mutiny. 1) To recognize the relevance of Rizal’s ideals, thoughts, teaching, and life values to present conditions in the The Cavite Mutiny was a failed uprising against the Spaniards, community; resulting in disarmed, imprisoned, and dead Filipino soldiers. 2) To apply Rizal’s ideas in the solution of day-to-day situations The Spanish authorities and friars used the mutiny to implicate and problems in contemporary life; the three secular priests — Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and 3) To develop an understanding and appreciation of the Jacinto Zamora known as GomBurZa. The priests were executed qualities, behavior, and character of Rizal; and by garote at Bagumbayan on February 15, 1872. The miserable 4) To foster the development of moral character, personal event of the priests awakened the desire for independence discipline, citizenship, and vocational efficiency among the among many Filipinos. In fact, Rizal dedicated his El Filipino youth. Filibusterismo to the priests. LESSON 2: 19th Century Philippines as Rizal’s Context The liberal and progressive ideas of Rizal, together with the other reformists, awakened the national consciousness of The nineteenth century is considered the birth of modern life, natives which eventually led to the Philippine Revolution of more so, the birth of many nation-states all over the world. Jose 1896. NAME: COURSE: YEAR & SECTION: LESSON 3: Rizal’s Life: Family, Childhood and Early Education He was able to write his first poem when he was eight years old. The poem was entitled “Sa Aking Mga Kababata” (To My Fellow The Rizal family was known to be well-off family in Calamba, Children), which showed that Rizal, even at a young age, already Laguna and they were considered as one of the biggest families had a love for his country. Here, he similarly incorporates the in those times. They lived a life of comfort and prosperity, then love for the native language with God’s gift of freedom. He considered that their family belonged to the principalia class or compared his native language Tagalog to Latin, English, and the ruling elite of their town. Jose Rizal came from a 13-member Spanish. family consisted of his father Francisco Mercado Rizal and his mother Teodora Alonso Realonda. Jose Rizal had nine sisters and Then, after Rizal’s tutor Leon Monroy died, his parents decided one brother. Saturnina Rizal was the eldest child among the to transfer Rizal to a private school in Biñan, Laguna. He was siblings, followed by Paciano, Narcisa, Olympia, Lucia, Maria, accompanied by his older brother Paciano, who acted as his Jose, Concepcion, Josefa, and Trinidad and the youngest was second father during his school days in Biñan. The school was Soledad. Jose Rizal (Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso then supervised by Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz. Realonda) was born on June 19, 1861 at Calamba, Laguna. LESSON 4: Higher Education of Rizal Updates textbooks in Rizal’s course tell us that there were 12 women in Rizal’s life. They are Segunda Katigbak (Rizal’s Originally, Rizal’s father wanted Jose to study at Colegio de San Teenage Crush), Margarita Almeda Gomez (Miss L), Leonor Juan Letran but Paciano, his older brother, convinced him to let Valenzuela, Vicenta Ybardoloza, Leonor Rivera (Rizal’s secret Jose study instead at Ateneo Municipal de Manila. love), Consuelo Ortega y Rey, Seiko Usui, Gertrude Beckett, Suzzane Jacoby, Nelly Bousted, Pastora Necesario, and Josephine Rizal first attended his higher education at Ateneo Municipal de Bracken. Manila. During his stay in Ateneo, he wrote poems and crafted sculptures. One of these sculptures was the Sagrado Corazon de Five notable love affairs of Rizal Jesus (Sacred Heart of Jesus) upon the request of his teacher. He studied for a degree in Land Surveying and Assessment Segunda Katigbak She was Rizal’s “first romance” at the age of 16. Rizal found out later that After finishing his studies at Ateneo, he pursued his study of Segunda was engaged to be married to Philosophy at the University of Santo Tomas. After a year, he her townmate, Manuel Luz. shifted to study medicine specializing in ophthalmology. Rizal’s Leonor Valenzuela Rizal sends her a love letter written in life in UST was said to be his “unhappy days” for three reasons, “Orang” invisible ink. Rizal was the one who (a) Dominican professors were hostile to him, (b) the fact that taught Orang to read an invisible note Filipinos were vulnerable to racial discrimination, and (c) the by heating it over a candle. method of instruction was repressive, and dead. Leonor Rivera She was the daughter of Antonio Rivera (Rizal’s uncle). She got engaged Believing that education in the country was limited, he boarded to Rizal before the age of 15. Rizal left a ship to Spain with the support of his older brother Paciano but her in the Philippines when he went without informing his parents. He continued his study of abroad. Their relationship was medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid. He obtained actually a “love affair by multiple degrees in philosophy, letters, and medicine. correspondence”. Their relationship ended when she married her mother’s choice Charles Henry C. Kipping. Consuelo Ortega y Rey Rizal wrote her a lovely poem entitled A La Señorita C.O.Y.R. The romance ended and they parted ways because Rizal was still engaged to Leonor Rivera and Consuelo was engaged to Rizal’s friend Eduardo de Lete. Josephine Bracken They fell in love with each other at first sight. Rizal and Josephine lived happily together as common-law husband and wife. Their extremely happy marriage had begotten an 8- month premature baby boy who lived only for three hours. Their son was named “Francisco”. Rizal gave Josephine a book entitled “Imitacion de Cristo” the day before he died. At the age of three, Rizal mastered and learned the alphabet taught by his mother. At a very young age, he has shown great interest in reading. He enjoyed reading books in their library at home, with his mother who acts as his reading teacher and a critic. At this time, he also learned how to pray and even read the bible. Leon Monroy - taught him the fundamentals of Latin. Uncle Manuel Alberto - taught Rizal to develop the skills in swimming, fencing, wrestling and other sports. Uncle Jose – encouraged him to develop his skills in painting, sketching, and sculpting. Uncle Gregorio - instilled in Rizal’s mind the love for education and its importance, the value of hard work, to think for himself, and to observe his surroundings carefully. Father Leoncio Lopez - parish priest of Calamba helped Rizal understand the philosophy of life and learned the value of scholarship and intellectual honesty.