Rizal Notes PDF

THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL LESSON 1: RIZAL LAW RIZAL LAW: HOW IT CAME TO BE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425 AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL, PARTICUL...

THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL LESSON 1: RIZAL LAW RIZAL LAW: HOW IT CAME TO BE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1425 AN ACT TO INCLUDE IN THE CURRICULA OF ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS, COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES COURSES ON THE LIFE, WORKS AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL, PARTICULARLY HIS NOVELS NOLI ME TANGERE AND EL FILIBUSTERISMO, AUTHORIZING THE PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION THEREOF, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. Meanwhile, a similar bill (HouseBill No. 5561) was filed by Congressman Jacobo Z. In 1956, the Rizal Bill was proposed by Claro M. Recto Gonzales in the House of Representatives. As expected, the bill was welcomed by On April 3, 1956, Senate Bill No. 438 was submitted to the Senate Committee on dissenting opinions. Different face but the same stance, the bill was attacked based Education. on its constitutionality and religiosity. With this setback both in the Upper House and Senator Jose P. Laurel, the Chairman of the Committee, sponsored and presented the Lower House, it seemed hopeless for the bill to pass into law in the latter part of the bill to the members of the Upper House on April 17, 1956. April 1956. It was in this context that Senator Laurel proposed a substitute bill and it includes “NOLI- FILI-BILI” the following features: Senate Bill No. 438 or "An Act to Make Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo Compulsory 1. The inclusion of all works and writings of Jose Rizal, not just the two novels, was Reading Material in All Public and Private Colleges and Universities, and for Other Purposes." the main feature of this bill 2. He then stressed the removal of the term "compulsion" to appease the “Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo must be read by all Filipinos. They must be taken to opposition. heart, for in their pages we see ourselves as a mirror, our defects as well as our strength, our However, Senator Laurel asserted the importance of reading the original and virtues as well as our vices. unexpurgated edition of Rizal's novels because the true purpose of studying these will be defeated if not followed. To add a more conciliating clause, the last Only then would we become conscious as a people, and so learn to prepare ourselves for amendment was proposed provisions regarding the "exemption" of students from painful sacrifices that ultimately lead to self-reliance, self-respect and freedom.” reading the two novels on certain conditions. RIZAL LAW: HOW IT CAME TO BE (OPPOSSITIONS) With this, on May 12, 1956, Senate Bill No. 438 was unanimously approved on second reading. The Lower House imitated the Senate and on May 14, 1956, the bill Catholic Church Arguments were as follows: was approved unanimously in the House of Representatives. 1. The bill was an attempt to discredit the Catholic religion. On June 12, 1956, President Ramon Magsaysay signed the bill to make it a law, thus 2. Inimical to the tenets of the faith to which 170 lines in Noli Me Tangere and 50 lines in El giving birth to Republic Act No. 1425 also known as the Rizal Law Filibusterismo were offensive to the Church doctrine. 3. The bill might divide the nation. 4. Compulsion to read something against one's faith impaired freedom of speech and religious freedom.  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL to bayanihan (cooperation) and the word pabayani free labor offered to/by someone proves the semantic essence of Bayani. LESSON 2: CONCEPT OF HERO Concept of Hero: Introduction People tend to misconstrue the title "hero" as an award given to dead people. Doing great things is likewise misinterpreted as something only heroes, like Rizal, can achieve. Worse, as the popular Filipino adage "Mahirap magpakabayani. Ang bayani ay binabaril sa Luneta" implies that people become individualistic, devoid of care for others. Such views, unfortunately, hinder their sights on the various The Boxer Codex (1590), an ancient document about early Philippine possibilities they can do for the country. This lesson traces the concept of hero in the societies, defines a Bayani as a person of high status and dignity. Filipino culture and history to assess whether its traditional sense is confined only to the likes of Rizal, on one han, or may be applied to normal people, like the Pedro Serrano Laktaw, in his dictionary, elaborates the personality of a "Millennial," on the other hand. Bayani: a person who fears no one (walang-takot), courageous (matapang), firm ( matibay), bold (mapangahas ), but quiet (tahimik) and calm (mahinahon). Concept of Hero in Filipino Culture and History Hero is normally defined here as an illustrious man, often of divine descent, Nevertheless, changes occurred when the Spaniards conquered the or with distinguished valor or enterprise in danger, and fortitude in suffering. Who is Philippines. Instead of living role models, the Spaniards had introduced the image of supposed to be exalted after death. Being an extraordinary person and obedience of saints and disciples whom the Filipinos had to imitate in order to individualistic is apparent. become good colonials, Vida Sancti, or the lives of dead saints became the foundation qualities of Life. Americans, on the other hand, propagated a secular view on heroes. Hero- Worshiping of American soldiers who died during the Philippine-American War (then dubbed as Philippine Insurrection) like Gen. Henry W. Lawton, Col. John M. Stotsenburg , and Col. Harry Egbert was promoted through monuments and annual commemoration rituals to justify the need for American tutelage in the Philippines. According to William Henry Scott, pangangayaw was done because of four reasons, namely: Filipino heroes were also venerated during this period. Jose Rizal, who was 1)to secure resources, ranging from the occasional use goods or bounty to executed by the Spaniards, became the leading national hero. Mabini, Luna, and human slaves; DelPilar also became household names. 2) to avenge a personal affront or family honor; 3) to fulfill mourning requirements to which the life of enemies must be Modern-Day Heroes sacrificed; and lastly A modern-day concept of the indigenous Bayani still exists today. The 4) for personal prominence or a mercenary reward. Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) are considered Bagong Bayani (new heroes) (together with mothers, fathers, health workers, and teachers, among others). Bayani is more often than not a true kawani or lingkod-bayan (community servant) who renders his or her help to those in need in the community without counting the cost. His/Her ultimate goal is to maintain peace and order. The concept  CRITERIA for Recognizing HEROES HOW A HERO IS CHOSEN AND DECLARED Through Executive Order No. 75 issued on March 28, 1993, former president Fidel Ramos created the National Heroes Commission, which is tasked to study and recommend national heroes to be recognized for their character and contributions to the country. 1. the extent of a person's sacrifice for the welfare of the country (Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965) 2. the motive and methods employed in the attainment of the ideal (welfare of the country) (Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965); 3. the moral character of the person concerned (Teodoro A. Agoncillo 1965); 4. the influence of the person concerned on his/her age and or the succeeding age (Teodoro Agoncillo 1965); 5. those who have a concept of nation and thereafter aspire and struggle for the nation's freedom (Onofre D.Corpuz 1993) 6. those who define and contribute to a system of life of freedom and order for a nation(Onofre D. Corpuz 1993); 7. those who contribute to the quality of life and destiny of a nation (Onofre D. Corpuz 1993); 8. a part of the people's expression (Alfredo Lagmay1995); 9. a person who thinks of the future, especially the future generations (Alfredo Lagmay 1995); and 10. the choice of a hero involves not only the recounting of an episode or events in history, but of the entire process that made this particular person a hero (Alfredo Lagmay 1995)  Rizal as A Hero Today there are four major national celebrations with Rizal as an important Subject: Rizal Day is commemorated every December 30. The 1. June 12 (Independence Day); origin of this commemoration came from the decree issued by General 2. June 19 (Birth Anniversary); Emilio Aguinaldo on December 20, 1898. It declared the 30th day of December 3. last week of August (National Heroes Week); and as a national mourning day in honor of Dr. Jose Rizal and other victims of the 4. December 30 (Rizal Day). Philippine Revolution. Though Aguinaldo's decree did not specifically declare Rizal as a national hero, it was a tribute to his heroism. Four Days to Honor Philippine Heroes Rizal as A Hero (The One Whom the Americans Would Rather Have) 1. Rizal Day The Americans, realizing the possibilities of a Rizal cult in their colonial agenda, seized - December 30 the opportunity and made Rizal the "national" hero of the Philippines. General Emilio Aguinaldo on December 20 1898. In Daet, Camarines Among the choices they had: Norte, Filipino mason erected a simple monument dedicated to Rizal on 1. a hero who is not violent and militant, and if possible, preferred peaceful December 30, 1898. means like education; 2. Bonifacio Day 2. a hero who had no qualms about American imperialism; and - November 30 3. a hero who is already dead. KKK ANB Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan Act No. 2946 by the Philippine Legislature on February 16, 1921 However, there was no actual law during the American Regime that explicitly declared 3. National Heroes Day Rizal the official hero of the country. Three steps, instead, were made by the American - Every last Monday of August (this used to be celebrated every last colonial government to promote his heroism, namely: Sunday of August) 1) the creation of Rizal Province; The celebration of this holiday became possible in accordance to Act No. 2) the erection of Rizal Monument; and 3827 passed by the Philippine legislature on 3) the declaration of Rizal Day on December 30 as a public holiday. October 28, 1931. to honor all heroes of the Philippines including those who are unknown. National Heroes Club - The date of the holiday was revised (again) in 2007, this time to the last In 1995, amidst the preparation of the nation for the upcoming centennial celebration Monday of August, through Republic Act No. 9492 which was signed into of the Philippine Revolution and Philippine Independence Day, the National Heroes law by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Committee created by President Fidel V. Ramos released a list of recommended 4. Ninoy Aquino Day national heroes. These were as follows: - August 21 1 Jose Rizal created by President Gloria Macapagal- Arroyo on December 25, 2004. 2 Andres Bonifacio Republic Act No. 9256 3. Emilio Aguinaldo 4. Apolinario Mabini The Humanity of Heroes 5. Marcelo H. del Pilar -Heroes are products of their time. 6. Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat -Heroes are made because they responded to the call of the times and their response 7. Juan Luna to this call had a decisive effect on the lives of their countrymen. 8. Melchora Aquino 9. Gabriela Silang LESSON 3: RIZAL AS A SYMBOL On the other hand, a text can be a symbol which conveys meaning not only about itself but about cultural processes and relationships; meaning, therefore, that The readers of Rizal are said to be more powerful than Rizal himself. He lived and died it is not constant but constituted through a human agency. in the past, but readers make him exist. Readers can actually manipulate his image depending on a specific agenda. The proliferation of ideas had indeed generated as "kanya- kanyang Rizal." This lesson will focus on the symbolic Rizal which in reality is the kind of Rizal we see in our daily lives. It is expected in the end that the "Millennial s“ (Gen Zs) would generate their own version of a symbolic Rizal. HISTORIC Rizal Rizal who lived and died in the 19th century Philippines; He is the Rizal born and raised in Calamba, Laguna The one who studied at the Ateneo Municipal in Manila,traveled and studied abroad; Groups “VENERATING” Rizal The one who wrote and published Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, The one who founded the La Liga Filipina; and The Martyr of Bagumbayan in 1896. *He was the true person, the actual Rizal we can read in History books. SYMBOLIC Rizal (the “second” Rizal) He is the kind of Rizal we have today. He is the Rizal in Luneta, The Rizal in the one peso coin, The Rizal in postage stamps, The Rizal as Tagalog Christ, The Rizal as an icon of Rock, the Rizal in t-shirts, and the list goes on. *This kind of Rizal has indeed become a text open to many meanings. Rizal as a TEXT:SIGN, and SYMBOL A TEXT is anything that can be read, interpreted, and analyzed. There are two types of text: 1. A text can be a sign 2. A text can be a symbol Rizal as a TEXT:SIGN, and SYMBOL The first one is sign. It is a kind of text which represents a fixed reality and posits itself as a means of portraying that reality.  THE LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF JOSE RIZAL The noble aspiration was a major step necessary in national development. Rizal consistently urged his fellowmen to do everything they could do for the LESSON 4 : RIZAL AND NATION-BUILDING education of their generation. INTRODUCTION UNITY AND NATION-BUILDING Rizal had envisioned in the past a future generation of enlightened and educated Rizal’s greatest contribution to the building of the Filipino nation was his untiring Filipinos; a time when Filipinos would read his writings not as a heretic but as a person with efforts in urging his countrymen to work together for national unity, a condition for the same national sentiment as he had once. Today, Rizal is not just read out of appreciation national survival. Any man who refuses to fight injustice is not for the welfare of but also as a primary weapon to dictate the identity of the Filipinos, which in turn has a direct society. correlation to building the nation. This lesson aims to point out the role of Jose Rizal in today's process of nation-building. NATION-BUILDING DEFINITION Nation-building is constructing or structuring a national identity using the power of the state. Nation-building aims at the unification of the people within the state so that it remains politically stable and viable in the long run. Social progress is defined as the capacity of a society to meet the basic human needs of its citizens, establish the building blocks that allow citizens and communities to enhance and sustain the quality of their lives, and create the conditions for all individuals to reach their full potential. HISTORY AND NATION-BUILDING Philippine History is a repository of the nation's collective memory…This is the reason why History is translated in Filipino as Kasaysayan. Its root word is Saysay (essence). The narrative of the past must be seen as vital to OUR existence RIZAL’S ROLE IN NATION-BUILDING 1. Rizal insisted on education as the instrument for social progress 2. The ultimate means at nation- building is national unity EDUCATION AND SOCIAL PROGRESS A major contribution to the making of the Filipino nation was Rizal’s insistence on the education of his people, a social commitment of any government. He considered this as a cornerstone of the reform the country so urgently needed at the time. The enriching effects of Rizal’s study abroad made him see how education can social progress. Rizal’s desire to share with his people what he had learned during his studies in Spain, France, and Germany and his observations in London and Belgium became his supreme aspiration.