Chapter 2 Lesson 1 - First Voyage Around the World PDF

Chapter 2: Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources in Philippine History ❑ Antonio Pigafetta’s First Voyage Around the World ❑ Customs of Tagalog ❑ Emilio Jacinto’s Kartiya ng Katipunan. ❑ 1898 Declaration of Philippine Independence A Brief Summary of the Fir...

Chapter 2: Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources in Philippine History ❑ Antonio Pigafetta’s First Voyage Around the World ❑ Customs of Tagalog ❑ Emilio Jacinto’s Kartiya ng Katipunan. ❑ 1898 Declaration of Philippine Independence A Brief Summary of the First Voyage Around the World by Magellan by: Antonio Pigafetta  Ferdinand Magellan Portuguese explorer who organized the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, BACKGROUND OF THE AUTHOR ANTONIO PIGAFFETA Pigafetta’s exact year of birth is not known with estimates ranging between 1480 and 1491. He came from a wealthy Vicenza family in Northeast Italy. He studied: ▪ Astronomy ▪ Geography ▪ Cartography Mastered and studied navigation among others. First Voyage Around the World was written by Antonio Pigafetta, an Italian nobleman who  Pigafetta’s Travelogue- is one of the most important primary sources in the study of the pre- colonial Philippines. His account was also a major referent to the events The first Voyage Around the World by leading to Magellan’s Magellan was published after Pigafetta arrival returned to Italy. in the Philippines. the copies of this account was presented by Pigafetta to Pope Clement VII, King Francis I’s mother. His original diary was lost and not known in what  INTRODUCTION ▪ In early times, spices that are only found in the east was considered to be weighed a gold in Europe. ▪ Who ever controls them are guaranteed to have immense wealth. ▪ In 1518, the routes of  INTRODUCTION ▪ There came Ferdinand Magellan, a 38 year old Portuguese. Fallen out by the King of Portugal and now he talked to the King of Spain, King Charles about his belief that it is possible to sail around the world and INTRODUCTION ▪ King Charles accepted Magellan’s proposal and helped him assemble an expedition with 270 crew and 5 ships known as carracks. ▪ 1. The Trinidad-(55 crews) under Ferdinand Magellan. ▪ 2. The Concepcion-(45 crews) commanded by Gaspar de Quesada. ▪ 3. The San Antonio- (60 crews)-commanded by ▪ 4. The Victoria- (43 crews) commanded by Mendoza. ▪ 5. The Santiago- (32 crews) commanded by Juan Rodriguez. In Pigafetta’s account, their fleet reached what he called the Ladrones Island, presently known as Marianas Islands. - Ten days after they reached Ladrones Island, Pigafetta reported that they reached what Pigafetta called the Isle of ▪ March 18, 1521, nine men came to them and showed joy and eagerness in seeing them. Magellan realized that the men were reasonable and welcomed them with food, drinks and gifts. In turn, natives gave them fish, palm wine, figs and two cochos,. The natives also gave them rice, cocos and other food supplies. ▪ Pigafetta characterized the people as “very familiar and friendly” willingly showed them different islands and the names of these islands. The fleet went to Homunu Island (Homonhon) and there they found what Pigafetta referred as the “Watering Place of Good Signs.” It is in this place where Pigafetta wrote that they found the first signs of gold in the Island. Then, they named the Island as the  March 25, Pigafetta recounted that they saw two balanghai (balangay), a long boat full of people in Mazzava. The leader named Raja Siagu, who Pigafetta referred to as the king of balanghai, sent his men to the ship of Magellan. The Europeans entertained these men and gave them gifts. When the King of Balangay offered to give Magellan a bar of gold and a chest of ginger, Magellan declined. Magellan sent the interpreter to the King and asked for money for the needs of his ships and expressed that he came into the Islands as a friend and not as an enemy.  The king responded by giving Magellan the needed provisions of food in chinaware. Magellan exchanged gifts of robes in Turkish fashion, red cap and gave the people knives and mirrors. The two then expressed their desire to become brothers. Magellan also boasted of his men in Armor who could not be struck with swords and daggers.  After few days, Magellan was introduced to the King’s brother who was also the King of another Island. They went to the island and Pigafetta reported that they saw mines of gold. The gold was abundant that parts of the ship and of the house of the second king were made of gold. Pigafetta describe the King as the most handsome of all men that he saw in this place. He was also adorned with silk and gold accessories like a golden dagger, which he carried with him in a wooden polish sheath. The King was named Raja Culambu, King of Zuluan and Calagan (Butuan and Caragua)  On March 31st, which happened to be Easter Sunday, Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside a mass by the shore. The King heard of this plan and sent two dead pigs and attended the mass with the other King.  After the mass, Magellan ordered that the cross be bought with nails and crown in place. Magellan explained that the cross, the nail, and the crown were the signs of his emperor and that he was ordered to plant it in the places that he would reach. The King concurred and allowed for the cross to be planted. This mass would go down in history as the first mass in the Philippines which was officiated by Father Pedro Valderama, and the cross would be famed Magellan’s Cross which  After seven days, Magellan and his men decided to move and look from Islands where they could acquire more supplies and provisions. They learned of the Island of Ceylon (Leyte), Bohol, and Zzubu (Cebu), and intended to go there. Raja Culambu offered to pilot them in going to Cebu, the largest and richest of the Island.  April 7th of the same year, Magellan and his men reached the port of Cebu. The King of Cebu, Raja Humabon through his interpreter, demanded that they pay tribute as it was a customary, but Magellan refused. Magellan said that he was a Captain of a king himself and thus would not pay tribute to other Kings. Magellan’s interpreter explained to the King of Cebu that Magellan’s king was the emperor of a great  By the next day, Magellan’s men and the King of Cebu, together with other principal men of Cebu, met in an open space. There, the King offered a bit of his blood and demanded that Magellan do the same.  Magellan spoke before the people of Cebu about peace and God. On the 14th of April, the people gathered with the King and other principal men of the Islands, Magellan spoke to the King and encouraged him to be a good Christian by burning all the idols and worship the cross instead. The King of Cebu was baptized and named him Don Charles (Carlos).  When Magellan, reiterated that all of the newly baptized Christian need to burn their idols, but the natives gave excuses telling Magellan that they need the idols to heal a sick man who was a relative to the King.  On 26th of April, Zula, a principal man from the Island of Matan (Mactan) went to see Magellan and asked him for a boat full of men so that he would be able to fight the Chief named Silapulapu (Lapulapu). Such chief, according to Zula, refused to obey the King and was also preventing him from doing so. Magellan offered three boats instead and expressed his desire to go to Mactan himself to fight the said chief. The Battle of Mactan began. ▪ “When we reached land we found the Islanders fifteen hundred in number, drawn up in three squadrons; they came down upon us with terrible shouts, two squadrons attacking us on flanks, and the third in front. The Islanders seeing that the shots of our gun did them little or no harm would not retire, but shouted more loudly; and springing from one side to the other to avoid our shots, they at the same time drew nearer to us, throwing arrows, javelins, spears hardened in fire, stones and even mud, so that we could hardly defend ourselves. Some of them cast lances pointed with iron at the captain- general.”  Magellan died in the battle. The natives perceiving that the bodies of the enemies were protected with armors, aimed for their legs instead. Magellan was pierced with poison arrow in his right leg. Magellan was specifically targeted because the natives knew that he was the captain- general. Magellan was hit with a lance in his face. Magellan retaliated and pierced the same native with his lance in the breast and tried to draw his sword but could not lift it because of his wounded arm. Seeing that the captain has already deteriorated, more natives came to attack him. One native with a great sword delivered a blow in Magellan’s left leg, brought him face down and the natives ceaselessly attacked Magellan with lances, swords and even  Pigafetta also said that the King of Cebu who was baptized could have sent help but Magellan instructed hm not to join the battle and stay in the balangay so that he would see how they fought. The King offered the people of Mactan gifts of any value and amount in exchange of Magellan’s body but the chief refused. They wanted to keep Magellan’s body as a memento of their victory.  Magellan’s men elected Duterte Barbosa as the new captain. Magellan’s slave and interpreter named Henry betrayed them and told the King of Cebu that they intended to leave as quickly as possible. Pigafetta alleged that the slave told the king that they could acquire the ships and the goods of Magellan’s fleet. The King invited these men to a gathering where he said he would present the jewels that he would send for the King of Spain. Pigafetta was not able to join the 24 men who attended because he was nursing his battle wounds. It was only a short time when they heard cries and lamentations. The natives slain all the men except the interpreter and Juan Serrano who was already wounded.  Serrano was presented and shouted at the men in the ship asking them to pay ransom, however they refused. The fleet departed and abandoned Serrano. They left Cebu and continued their journey around the world.  CONTRIBUTION OF THE DOCUMENT IN UNDERSTANDING THE GRAND NARRATIVE IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY ▪ Elaborated the lifestyle back then and it described what the local islanders wore, what they ate, how they communicated, and how they live. ▪ Pigaffeta’s journal is the only known document ▪ Considered the best source today of the customs and usage of the th Filipinos in the early 16 century due to the daily notes Pigafetta took and details about the expedition that he wrote ▪ Opened many doors for the Philippines ▪ It will help us understand how the Filipinos at the past lived and how they coped when Magellan and his men came to the Philippines. ▪ We discovered what religion Filipinos used to have and how they became Christians. ▪ We also found out how the First Filipinos fought and delayed the Spanish occupation by years.