REVIEWER IN PE1 PDF

REVIEWER IN PE1 MODULE 1 “Gymnastics and Calisthenics” GYMNASTICS - invоlvеѕ thе реrfоrmаnсе оf ехеrсіѕеѕ, оn оr wіth аn арраrаtuѕ, оr а раrtnеr. - оnе оf thе оldеѕt Оlуmріс ѕроrtѕ аnd оnе оf thе Wоrld’ѕ mоѕt рорulаr ѕроrtѕ. 6 EVENTS FOR MEN 4 EVENTS FOR WOMEN 1...

REVIEWER IN PE1 MODULE 1 “Gymnastics and Calisthenics” GYMNASTICS - invоlvеѕ thе реrfоrmаnсе оf ехеrсіѕеѕ, оn оr wіth аn арраrаtuѕ, оr а раrtnеr. - оnе оf thе оldеѕt Оlуmріс ѕроrtѕ аnd оnе оf thе Wоrld’ѕ mоѕt рорulаr ѕроrtѕ. 6 EVENTS FOR MEN 4 EVENTS FOR WOMEN 1. Vault 1. Vault 2. Floor 2. Uneven Bars 3. Pommel Horse 3. Beam 4. Rings 4. Floor 5. Parallel Bars 6. Horizontal Bar CALISTHENICS - promotes muscle growth and strength. - Came from the Greek word “KALOS” which means BEAUTY and “STHENOS” which means STRENGTH. Friedrich Ludwig - the German father of gymnastics who founded the turnverein (gymnastics club) movement in Germany. Karl Adolf Spiess - a German gymnast and educator who contributed to the development of school gymnastics for children of both sexes in Switzerland and Germany. Pehr Henrik Ling - credited as the father of Swedish massage. Pioneered the teaching of physical education in Sweden. Catharine Esther Beecher - an American educator known for her forthright opinions on female education as well as her vehement support of kindergarten into children's education. MODULE 2 “History of Gymnastics” The Chinese had a sort of exercise called the “Kung Fu” or “Medical Gymnastics”, while India had the “Yoga” The Greeks had activities with apparatuses and they developed the word gymnastics which meant “Naked Art”. Johann Basedow (1723-1790) - introduced gymnastics in the school curriculum. Johann Guts Muths (1759-1839) - called the “Great Grandfather of Gymnastics”. - wrote a book entitled Gymnastics for the Youth. - he invented the outdoor apparatuses like the see-saw, the horizontal ladder, the oblique wooden ladder, the climbing rope, balancing beam, the vault apparatus and the rope ladder. Friedrich Jahn (1778-1852) - considered the “Father of Gymnastics”. - he started the Turnverein movement. - he introduced the horizontal bar, the parallel bar, the side horse and the vaulting buck. Adolf Spiess (1810-1858) - introduced marching and free hand exercises performed with music. Perh Ling (1776-1839) - a Swedish enthusiast invented the stall bars and vaulting box or Swedish box. Dr. Dudley Sergeant - the first American contributor to gymnastics because he was instrumental in including gymnastics in the school curriculum. Mrs. Francisca Aquino - a Filipino folk dancer and academic noted for research on Philippine folk dance. THE PHASES OF GYMNASTIC PROGRAM 1. Conditioning Program - this phase can also be considered as “Calisthenics” since routines can be made out of the exercises in the conditioning program. 2. Rhythmic Gymnastics - routines or Exercises accompanied with music, they are performed in a rhythmical manner and the movements are flowing. 3. Stunts - activities in the form of play and they test one's strength, flexibility, balance, agility, endurance and coordination. 4. Tumbling - the most important phase of the gymnastics program, because this is where the ability of the performer is tested as he rolls, twists, turns and springs about on the mat, floor and in the air. 5. Apparatus Exercise (Heavy) - includes done on the balance beam, vaulting horse, parallel bars, uneven bars, rings and the trampoline. 6. Pyramid Building - this phase of the program makes a picture out of body static positions. MODULE 3 “Terms in Gymnastics” TERMS IN GYMNASTICS 1. Arch - a position where the body is curved like an arc of a circle, with the hip forward and the head and trunk bent backward. 2. Dismount - a stunt used by a performer to get off the apparatus. 3. Exercise or Routine - planned series of dance skills, loco-motor skills, gymnastics skills and tumbling skills performed with or without music. 4. Held or Static Position - these are positions held for 2 seconds. 5. Mount - stunts performed by a performer to go up on an apparatus. 6. Press - in the application of steady pressure to a particular muscle or group of muscle in order to attain a desired stretch. 7. Scale - support on one leg with the other leg raised at the back and the body arch. 8. Split - a position where the legs are extended forward and backward in a straight position. 9. Spotter - a person who helps a performer go about a skill for the first time. 10. Spotting - the act of helping a person to go about a skill for the first time. 11. Tuck - a position where the head and the knees are in contact and the trunk is curved. 2 TYPES OF BODY MOVEMENTS: Axial Movements (Non-Locomotor Movements) - movements done by a part or several parts of the body in stationary place. Locomotor Movements - movements that bring the performer from one place to the other. 1. AXIAL MOVEMENTS a. Bend or Flex - to move the body or part of the body around a wide axis. b. Lift, Raise - to elevate a part of the body or the whole body to a desired level. c. Stretch, extend, and straighten - to lengthen a part of the body. d. Twist - to move a body around a long axis. e. Circle - to move a body around a point. f. Swing - to move continuously from one point to another. g. Turn, Rotate - to change direction to move around an axis. 2. LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENTS a. Point - to touch the floor with the toes, the knees well extended. b. Step - to transfer weight from one foot to the other. c. Place - to touch the floor with the whole of the foot with slight body weight on it. d. Spring - to push off the leg or legs in the air. It is a combination of a bend on the knees and leg stretch.  TYPES OF LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENTS a. Walk - a series of steps in all directions. b. Run - a walk with longer strides and there is a push off by the foot to suspend the body momentarily in air. c. Hop - a spring on one foot and land on the same foot. d. Skip - a step and hop with the same foot in one count. e. Leap - to spring on one foot and land on the other foot. f. Jump - to spring on both feet and land on one foot or both feet. SAFETY SUGGESTIONS 1. Pre-Work Out Period (Warm-Up or Stretching) - this includes all activities all activities and procedures that prepares the individual for the actual instruction and practice of all gymnastics skills. 2. Workout Period (Actual Practice) - in every plan, safety instructions should be incorporated when reviewing and demonstrating the skills; the class should be aware of the maximum safety precautions while it is performing the exercises and skills. 3. Post Work-Out Period (Cooldown) - relaxation exercises and keeping of equipment used in their proper places. MODULE 4 “Basic Positions where most exercises begin” A. STANDING POSITIONS 1. Feet Together or Feet Parallel - the feet are about one (1) inch apart, toes pointing forward. Arms at the side 2. Stride Position - the feet are apart about 12 inches wide. The stride may be made wider than 12 inches. The weight of the body is on both feet and the trunks is at the center. Arms at sides. 3. Lunge Position - bend one knee, the other leg straight. Weight on both feet. Hands on hips. 4. Half-Knee Bend - feet together, bend knees to about 450 angles; feet flat on the floor, body erect; hands on hips. 5. Full Knees Bend or Squat Position - the knees are fully bent; sit on the heels of the feet. The weight of the body is on the balls of the feet. B. SITTING POSITIONS 1. Long Sitting Position - sitting with legs extended forward, toes pointed; trunk erect and hands on hips. 2. Hook Sitting Position - sit on buttocks, bend knees close to the body. Trunk erect, hands on shin of the legs. 3. Long Sitting Rest Position - legs and toes are extended forward; hands at the rear on the floor. Elbow and boy straight. 4. Tuck Sitting Position - sit on buttocks, bend knees close to body; round back so that the forehead and the knees are in contact; hold shin of legs. 5. Stride Sitting Position - sitting on buttocks, spread legs apart, trunk erect, hands on thighs. 6. Side Sitting Position - sitting on buttocks, bend right or left leg in front; other leg extended sideward. Hands on knees. 7. Hurdle Sitting Position - sitting on buttocks bend right leg at the back about 900 angles, the other leg extended diagonally forward. 8. Heels Sit - from kneeling position, sit on the heels of the feet, toes pointed. Hands on hips. 9. Cross Sitting - the most common ways of sitting on the floor involve bending the knees. 10. Frog Sitting or Tailor Sitting - you sit with your buttocks on the floor. Your knees are bent to the sides with your feet and ankles crossing in front of you. C. KNEELING POSITIONS 1. Kneeling Position - kneel on both knees, knees close together, body erect, hands on hips. 2. Stride Kneeling Position - kneeling on both knees, with knees apart. 3. Half-kneeling Position Right or Left - kneeling on right, left in half-kneeling position in front. Hands on hips 4. Kneeling Position One Leg - extended Sideward Kneeling on one leg, the other extended sideward, forward or backward. MODULE 5 “Lying Position in Gymnastics” D. LYING POSITION IN GYMNASTICS 1. Back or Supine Lying Position - lying on the back, the body is well extended, arms overhead, toes pointed. 2. Front or Prone Lying Position - body is well extended and in front of the body in contact with the floor. Toes pointed arms forward. 3. Side Lying Position - with the body well extended, the side of the body is in contact with the floor, one hand on the floor overhead and other hand bent close to chest palms on the floor. Toes pointed. 4. Hook Lying Position - in a back lying position, bend knees, with the feet close to buttocks, feet flat on the floor. Arms overhead. 5. Tuck Lying Position - lying on the back, pull the knees close to the forehead, hold shin of legs. E. ARM SUPPORT POSITION 1. Supine or Back Arm Support - from a long lying position, lift the body with straight arms support. Body, legs and toes well extended and one straight line. 2. Prone or Front Arm Support - from a front lying position, lift the body to front arms support; body, legs and toes well extended and in one straight line. 3. Side Arm Support - the body is supported with the right or left arm; the body is well extended. F. FOUR-BASE POSITIONS 1. Dog Stand Position - from a kneeling position, place the hands on the floor, elbows straight, toes pointed; the knees and hands are the base of support. 2. Bridge Stand Positions - from a hook sitting lift the trunk; legs and arms in right angle with the trunk. G. HAND POSITIONS 1. Hands on Waist - place hands on waist, fingers pointing front thumbs pointing backward. 2. Hands on Chest - palms facing down, thumbs touching the chest, elbows in line with the shoulders. 3. Hands on Shoulders - bend arms from the elbow, finger tips touching the shoulders, elbow in line with the shoulders, rib cage lifted. 4. Hands on Neck - bend arms from the elbows, place hands behind the neck, finger tips meeting each other, elbows in line with the shoulders. 5. Hands on Hips - place hands on hips, thumbs pointing back and fingers pointing front. H. ARMS POSITION 1. Arms Forward - raise arms forward with palms facing each other. Hands in line with the shoulders, elbows slightly extended. 2. Arms Sideward - raise arms sideward, palms facing down, finger tips in line with the shoulder. 3. Arms Upward - raise arms upward, palms facing each other, elbows touching the ears, the whole arm in line with the body. 4. Arms Oblique Positions - backward downward, forward downward, sideward downward.