GYMNASTICS.pdf

GYMNASTICS  What is gymnastics? Add a footer TREY research “Gymnastics” is a self-motivating activity, where one can manipulate the different parts of the body into varied positions or movements (Clarita P. Diñoso, “Gymnastics Book”, 1990). Add a footer...

GYMNASTICS  What is gymnastics? Add a footer TREY research “Gymnastics” is a self-motivating activity, where one can manipulate the different parts of the body into varied positions or movements (Clarita P. Diñoso, “Gymnastics Book”, 1990). Add a footer TREY research 3  At present, Gymnastics is recognized as a systematic form of physical exercises designed for: Educational Gymnastics – a program that challenges students to master tactics involving strength, balance, flexibility, agility, and rhythm in a classroom standard of learning the fundamentals with the maximum safety measures. Therapeutic or Remedial Gymnastics – a series of selected exercises that help to relieve physical discomfort or restore function to disabled people. Competitive Gymnastics – consist of prescribed sets of events for men and women, each of which is scored separately in order to determine a winner. Add a footer TREY research 4  OBJECTIVES OF GYMNASTICS 1. To develop coordination and vigor 2. To provide students with activities that will assist to correct minor postural defect 3. To maintain normal functioning of the organic system of the body 4. To improve and maintain agility and suppleness 5. To increase muscular strength 6. To learn exercises that will be useful throughout life conditioning Add a footer TREY research 5  HISTORY Add a footer TREY research  Stone cuttings show that people were building human pyramids (along with stone pyramids) and balancing stunts in Egypt as early as 2100 BC. Circus- like acrobatics were performed in ancient Egypt. In the 2nd century BC, men and women of Minoan Crete developed the art of bull leaping. In bull leaping the performer would run toward a charging bull, grab its horn and upon being tossed into the air, execute various midair stunts before landing on the bull’s back and dismount with a flip. The Chinese have probably performed such stunts even before this time. TREY research In Ancient Greece, three distinct programs of gymnastic exercise were developed: 1. For maintenance of good physical condition 2. For military training 3. As part of the conditioning regime for athletes TREY research  They coined the word “gymnastics” from the word “gymnos” meaning “naked art”. They built elaborate complexes known as “gymnasia” for their physical education training. The philosophers of Greece, Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates would go into the gym where they would exercise their bodies and debate philosophy to exercise their minds. The attitude of those early gymnasts was a “sound mind in a sound body.” With the gathering of young and old alike, the gymnasia were more like a town hall than just a gym. TREY research  In 776 BC, the Greeks held the first Olympic Games, which was a festival dedicated to their God Zeus. In this game, there was only a foot race of 200 yards. The games continued for about 1,100 years with boxing, wrestling, throwing, jumping, and weightlifting added. The Olympic Games were finally abolished by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in 392 AD. TREY research  By 500 BC the Persians had developed the side horse (pommel horse) as a training devise for their cavalry to learn mounts, dismounts, and swinging movements for combat on speeding horse during battle. Even up to just 50 years ago, the side horse had a raised neck and a croup (end) like a real horse. TREY research  The Romans were a battle-tough people who conquered the known world. After their conquest of Greece, they adopted gymnastics as their own and developed it into a more formal sport. Gymnastic system designed to give strength for military combat were used extensively by the Romans. Their practical nature turned sport into warfare. TREY research  Gypsies are believed to have arrived in Europe from northern India in the 1400s. They were called Gypsies because Europeans thought they came from Egypt. This ethnic minority is made up of distinct groups called “tribes” or “nations”. The Sinti and Roma spoke dialects of a common language called Romani, based in Sanskrit, the classical language of India. Many Sinti and Roma traditionally worked as craftsmen, such as blacksmiths, cobblers, tinkers, horse dealers, and toolmakers. Others were performers, such as musicians, circus, animal trainers, and dancers. TREY research  MODERN GYMNASTICS Add a footer TREY research 14  Johann Basedow 1723 – 1790 He was the first to conduct gymnastics as part of education. He was the first modern writer and teacher of organized gymnastics for whom records survive. TREY research  Johann Christoph Friedrich Guts Muths (1759 – 1839) The “Great Grandfather of Gymnastics” wrote many influential books including carefully chosen gymnastics exercises for girls in 1818. He wrote Gymnastics for Youth, the first book on modern gymnastics in 1793. He describes the use of sloping beams, climbing poles, ladders and ropes along with the balancing beam and the swinging beam. TREY research  Franz Nachtegall (1777-1847) He formed a gymnastics club, opened a private gymnasium and through his success encouraged the government to incorporate training into its school curriculum. His gymnastics program in Denmark emphasized mass calisthenics, mass vaulting and drills using dumbbells and balls. TREY research  Gerhard Vieth (1759 – 1839) He published a book of exercises. He also described the balance beam, jumping ropes, climbing ropes and poles, the horse, the table and the buck. He wrote of vaulting over horizontal poles at different heights. TREY research  Per Henrik Ling (1776 – 1839) In Scandinavia, he was one of the great gymnastics leaders and called the “Father of Swedish Gymnastics.” Hundreds of students would participate in mass floor exercise drills. TREY research  Adolph Spiess (1810 – 1858) “Father of School Gymnastics” taught gymnastics to his classes in Switzerland and added marching and free exercises to music. TREY research  Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778 – 1852) “The Father of Gymnastics” He was a German educator known to have started gymnastics clubs and gymnastic movements for competitive purpose. TREY research  The American Gymnastics is largely influenced by Europe as evidenced by the early Turnverein movement in their colleges. Dr. Dudley Sargent was the first American contributor to gymnastics because he was instrumental in including gymnastics in the school curriculum. Add a footer TREY research 22  Gymnastics in the Philippines was started by two exponent of Physical Education – Director Candido Bartolome of the University of the Philippines and Mrs. Francisca Aquino of the Bureau of Public Schools. Add a footer TREY research 23  3 MAJOR FORMS OF COMPETITIVE GYMNASTICS RHYTHMIC ARTISTIC TRAMPOLINE Add a footer TREY research  GYMNASTICS RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS IS OPEN FOR ONLY TO FEMALES ARTISTIC AND TRAMPOLINE GYMNASTICS ARE PART OF MALE AND FEMALE COMPETITIONS. Add a footer TREY research  ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS Gymnastics discipline where the gymnasts perform on top of the heavy apparatus. A competitive event separates men and women. Add a footer TREY research  WOMEN’S ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS Vault Asymmetrical Bars Balance Beam Floor Add a footer TREY research TREY research TREY research TREY research TREY research  MEN’S ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS Floor Pommel Horse Ring Vault Parallel Bars Add a footer Horizontal Bar TREY research TREY research TREY research TREY research TREY research TREY research TREY research  RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS An aesthetic discipline performed to music while using small hand apparatus that seems to be an extension of the body. A competitive event for women either individual or group in a bi – annual rotation of four out of five apparatuses. Add a footer TREY research  RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS Hoop Ball Rope Ribbon Clubs Add a footer TREY research TREY research TREY research TREY research TREY research TREY research  Stunts are activities in the forms of play that test one's self on flexibility, agility, balance, coordination, strength and endurance. Stunts can also be activities that serve as conditioning exercises and can also be introductions to some gymnastic skills and tumbling skills. Add a footer TREY 46 research  Individual Stunts –these are stunts performed by only one person. Dual Stunts – are stunts performed by two. Group Stunts – are stunts performed by 3 or more persons. Combative Stunts –are stunts where two or more fight each other showing strength, balance, agility, and endurance. Add a footer TREY 47 research Add a footer TREY research 48  This is the ability of the performer is tested as he rolls to and fro, twists, turns, and springs about on the mat, floor, and in the air. It include flips, somersaults, tucks, handstands and handsprings. Add a footer TREY research 49  Forward Roll Backward Roll Cartwheel Front Walkover Back Walkover Add a footer TREY research 50  Pyramid building in acrobatic gymnastics is when a group of gymnasts make a human pyramid by standing or kneeling on top of one another with only one person on the top level. It is especially popular with cheerleaders. Add a footer TREY research 51