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Questions and Answers
What notable work did Antonio Molina compose?
What notable work did Antonio Molina compose?
Which artist was known for the painting 'The Creation of Adam'?
Which artist was known for the painting 'The Creation of Adam'?
What was Lucio D. San Pedro recognized for?
What was Lucio D. San Pedro recognized for?
Which of the following was a contribution of Felipe Padilla de Leon?
Which of the following was a contribution of Felipe Padilla de Leon?
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What year did Leonardo da Vinci die?
What year did Leonardo da Vinci die?
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Which artist is associated with the painting 'Mona Lisa'?
Which artist is associated with the painting 'Mona Lisa'?
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What is one of the main themes Pablo Picasso explored in the 1930s?
What is one of the main themes Pablo Picasso explored in the 1930s?
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What did Michelangelo affirm about his art?
What did Michelangelo affirm about his art?
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Which notable work is attributed to Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo?
Which notable work is attributed to Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo?
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What is the style associated with Vicente Manansala?
What is the style associated with Vicente Manansala?
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What type of musical productions did the composer turn to after experiencing bankruptcy?
What type of musical productions did the composer turn to after experiencing bankruptcy?
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Which Filipino painter is recognized for the mural titled 'Bayanihan'?
Which Filipino painter is recognized for the mural titled 'Bayanihan'?
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Which composer settled in Vienna and composed 'The Magic Flute'?
Which composer settled in Vienna and composed 'The Magic Flute'?
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Who is known for the self-portrait included in the Paulino and Hetty Que Collection?
Who is known for the self-portrait included in the Paulino and Hetty Que Collection?
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Which of the following artists was awarded the National Artist Award?
Which of the following artists was awarded the National Artist Award?
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What was Johann Strauss II known for composing?
What was Johann Strauss II known for composing?
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What tragic event contributed to Tchaikovsky's suffering from depression?
What tragic event contributed to Tchaikovsky's suffering from depression?
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Which notable work is associated with Juan Luna?
Which notable work is associated with Juan Luna?
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Which Filipino painter is known for emerging as an abstract painter and is also an illustrator and cartoonist?
Which Filipino painter is known for emerging as an abstract painter and is also an illustrator and cartoonist?
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Which of these operas was composed by Giuseppe Verdi?
Which of these operas was composed by Giuseppe Verdi?
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Which factor significantly influenced the art style of José Joya?
Which factor significantly influenced the art style of José Joya?
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What was significant about the music of Giuseppe Verdi?
What was significant about the music of Giuseppe Verdi?
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Which composer was known for conducting orchestras and wrote over 100 polkas?
Which composer was known for conducting orchestras and wrote over 100 polkas?
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Which of the following is an unfinished work by Mozart?
Which of the following is an unfinished work by Mozart?
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Which author is noted for writing erotic poems during the modern literary period?
Which author is noted for writing erotic poems during the modern literary period?
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What characterizes the short story genre during the Middle Period of literature?
What characterizes the short story genre during the Middle Period of literature?
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Which dance company was established in 1957 as the performing arm of the Bayanihan Folk Arts Center?
Which dance company was established in 1957 as the performing arm of the Bayanihan Folk Arts Center?
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What themes were primarily explored by Filipino essayists during the development phase of literature?
What themes were primarily explored by Filipino essayists during the development phase of literature?
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Who were the key figures that contributed to the foundation of native folk dance in the Philippines?
Who were the key figures that contributed to the foundation of native folk dance in the Philippines?
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What types of songs did early Filipinos sing?
What types of songs did early Filipinos sing?
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Which instrument is associated with the Negritos?
Which instrument is associated with the Negritos?
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What musical form was introduced during the American period in the Philippines?
What musical form was introduced during the American period in the Philippines?
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Who was tasked with gathering records of Philippine folksongs?
Who was tasked with gathering records of Philippine folksongs?
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What type of songs were still popular in the 19th century in the Philippines?
What type of songs were still popular in the 19th century in the Philippines?
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In the post-war period, what became more popular than the rondalla?
In the post-war period, what became more popular than the rondalla?
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What was the focus of early Filipino short stories?
What was the focus of early Filipino short stories?
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What was one effect of the introduction of English and American literature in the early 20th century?
What was one effect of the introduction of English and American literature in the early 20th century?
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Study Notes
Development of Painting & Performing Arts in the Philippines
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Spanish Period
- Jose Dans - Used cat fur in his painting
- Damiano Domingo - Created a self-portrait
- Justiniano Asuncion - Painted "Dolores Patrno" in 1870
- Alfonso Ongpin - A notable painter during the Spanish period
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The Academia
- Academic paintings became a dominant force in the Philippine art scene
- The Academia's emphasis on realist painting and classical techniques influenced Filipino artists
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19th Century
- The Academia's influence continued to shape the Philippine painting scene
- Many artists emerged during this time period, including national artists
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American Period
- The American period saw the emergence of a new generation of Filipino artists
- Artists explored new themes and styles, often drawing inspiration from Western influences
- The first Philippine art schools were established during this time period
- The American period greatly impacted Filipino art, with notable artists like Fernando Amorsolo and Vicente Manansala emerging.
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Famous Filipino Painters
- Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo (1855-1913)
- Won a silver medal at the 1884 Madrid Exposition with his painting "Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace"
- Notable works include "Charon's Boat," "Oedipus and Antigone," and "The Artist's Mother"
- Lived in Paris and returned to Manila in 1912
- Juan Luna (1857-1899)
- Won a gold medal at the 1884 Madrid Exposition
- Known for his paintings “The Dream of Love,” “Tampuhan,” and “The Lady with Guitar”
- Tragically shot his wife in a jealous rage in 1872
- Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972)
- National Artist Awardee in the Philippines
- Exhibited 40 works in NYC in 1925
- Known for his paintings "Afternoon Meal of the Rice Workers," "The Blind Man," "The Burning of Manila," and "Antipolo"
- Vicente Manansala (1910-1981)
- Progressive artist influenced by Cubism
- Known for his painting "Give Me This Diary"
- Carlos "Botong" V. Francisco (1912-1969)
- Known for his mural painting depicting Filipino life and history
- His most famous work is "Bayanihan"
- Mauro Malang Santos (1928)
- Started as an illustrator and cartoonist
- Later emerged as an abstract painter
- Jose Joya (1931-1995)
- Graduated Magna Cum Laude from UP in 1953
- Received a Fulbright Scholarship to study at Cranbrook Academy of Art in 1957
- Known for his geometric forms and vibrant colors in painting
- Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo (1855-1913)
World-Renowned Visual & Performing Artists
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Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)
- Born in Vinci, Republic of Florence in 1452
- Spent his younger years in Tuscany
- Moved to Florence in 1449 and became an apprentice to Andrea del Verrocio, a sculptor
- Went to Milan in 1482 and worked under Ludovico Sforza until 1499
- Known for his paintings: The Baptism of Christ, The Virgin and Child with St. Anne, Mona Lisa, The Adoration of the Magi, St. John the Baptist, The Battle of the Anghiari, The Last Supper
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Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)
- Born in Caprese, Italy in 1475
- Spent his life in Florence and Rome
- Never married and claimed his art was his only mistress
- Known for his paintings: Battle of the Centaurs, San Giovanni de Fiorentini, Sleeping Cupid, Bacchus, Pieta, The Creation of Adam
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Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
- Born in Malaga, Spain in 1881
- Studied art in Barcelona and Paris
- Started portraying the poor but later shifted to circus players and harlequins as subjects
- Became focused on social, political, and symbolic etching in the 1930s
-
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
- Child of violinist and composer Leopold Mozart and Anna Maria Pertl
- Began traveling with his father to Germany, Paris, and London in 1762
- Wrote the entire score for "Miserere" by Gregorio Allegri in Rome in 1770
- Settled in Vienna as a freelance musician and composer
- Known for his compositions: The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni, The Magic Flute, Jupiter Symphony, Requiem (unfinished)
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Johann Strauss II (1825-1899)
- Violinist, conductor, and composer
- Son of Johann Strauss I, known as "The Father of Waltz"
- Composed his first waltz at age 6
- Formed his own orchestra at age 19
- Resigned as court conductor in 1870 to focus on composing operettas
- Known for his waltzes: Lagoon waltz, Gypsy Baron, A Night in Venice, Roses from the South, and Voices of Spring
-
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)
- Russian composer known for his symphony, string quartet, and piano concerto compositions
- Studied in St. Petersburg and became a professor at the Moscow conservatoire in 1866
- Suffered from depression due to a challenging marriage
- Died from cholera in 1893
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Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)
- Italian composer deeply rooted in Italian identity
- His operas were born out of nationalistic fervor
- Known for his operas: The Troubadour, The Lost One, Regaletto, Aida, Otello, and Requiem Mass
Development of Performing Arts in the Philippines
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Early Period
- Filipinos sang lullabies, planting songs, boat songs, and feasting and mourning songs
- Negritos used the gitgit, a violin-like instrument
- Cordillerans used the koleleng, balilin, and kolitong (flutes)
- Cordillerans used the albon and solibao (drums)
- Muslims used the palendag, sahunay, tumpong (flutes)
- Muslims used the kudyapi (boat flute)
- Muslims used the dabakan, gabbang, and gamelan (percussion instruments)
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Spanish Period
- Native folksongs acquired the duple meter and pentatonic musical score in the 18th century
- Religious hymns and singing of the pasyon and harana were prominent
- In the 19th century, kundiman and balitao remained popular
- Musical organizations stemmed from church choirs that formed rondallas
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American Period
- The zarzuela was introduced to the Philippines
- Songs like "Mutya ng Pasig" and "Anak Dalita" drew inspiration from traditional forms
- UP president Jorge Bocobo appointed Francisco Santiago to gather records and study folksongs
- Bocobo also encouraged Francisca Reyes Aquino to record native dances
- The Manila Shimbun-su sponsored a song competition during the Japanese occupation, asking participants translate the lyrics into Tagalog
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Post-War Period
- Cumbancheros or combos grew in popularity, overshadowing rondallas
- Dr. Eliseo introduced "Lam-ang Suite," a symphony incorporating Western concepts and native themes
Development of Literature in the Philippines
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Early period (1900-1930)
- Thomasite teachers introduced English and American literature to Philippine schools
- Early Filipino writers were influenced by Chaucer, Milton, Shakespeare, Emerson, Poe, Longfellow, Shelley, Joyce, Tennyson
- Short stories often featured romantic tales of legendary figures
- Paz M. Benitez's "Dead Stars" was a popular short story
- Jorge Bocobo, Amador Daguio, Pilar H. Lim, Jose Villa Panganiban, and Jose Garcia Villa were early Filipino authors
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Middle Period (1930-1960)
- Short story writing saw significant improvement in quality and depth
- Poetry remained romantic
- Notable poets during this time included Trinidad Subido, Jose del Castillo, Amador Daguio, NVM Gonzales, Abelardo Subido and Jose Garcia Villa
- Jose Garcia Villa’s “Man’s Songs,” a series of erotic poems, became controversial
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Modern Period
- Filipino essayists like Francisco Arcellana, Renato Constantino, Carlos Quirino, and Teodoro Valencia focused on topics like injustices, moral corruption, and socio-economic reforms
Development of Dance in the Philippines
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Early Period
- Dances were based on myths, traditions, and daily lives
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Mid-20th Century
- Dr. Jorge Bocobo and Francisca Reyes-Aquino laid the foundation for the development of folk dance
- In 1954, Dr. Bocobo and his companions participated in the Asian Native Folk Dance Festival in East Pakistan, receiving acclaim
- The Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company was established in 1957 as the performing arm of the Bayanihan Folk Arts Center
- Other dance groups followed in the footsteps of Bayanihan, including the Philippine Barangay Folk Dance Troupe and FEU Dance Company
- Dance groups like the CCP Dance Company and Karilagan Dance Troupe emerged
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Description
Explore the evolution of painting and performing arts in the Philippines from the Spanish period to the American era. This quiz examines significant artists, academic influences, and the emergence of new styles that have shaped Filipino art. Test your knowledge on the key periods and figures in Philippine art history.
