St. Dominic College of Asia Art Appreciation (MGE 107) Week 4-5 PDF

St. Dominic College of Asia Art in the Philippine Settings, Philippine Museums and its Famous Artists Ms. Kristine A. Herrera Professor, Art Appreciation  Goals for this lesson: Discover and examine the major periods of Philippine Art Enumerate the d...

St. Dominic College of Asia Art in the Philippine Settings, Philippine Museums and its Famous Artists Ms. Kristine A. Herrera Professor, Art Appreciation  Goals for this lesson: Discover and examine the major periods of Philippine Art Enumerate the different works of arts during the various periods in Philippine Art Identify the factors that influenced the development of Philippine Art Know the Famous Filipino Artists and its work  History of Art – Early Civilization Art from the past holds clues to life in the past. By looking at a work of art's symbolism, colors, and materials, we can learn about the culture that produced it. Early civilization allows us to know why the early people produce such material that reflect their attitude and belief system on different aspects of life such as spiritual social political and economic matters.  History of Art – Early Civilization Pre-colonial traditional art have religious symbols, everyday activity such as fishing, farming, etc., or a specific decorative art pattern to the community. It has either the influence of local religion (animistic) or Islamic based. There is also an exchange of art aesthetic and art process with the Chinese and other Asian countries who frequents as traders with our indigenous groups. Pre-Colonial Arts: The Pre-Colonial Period is when our indigenous ancestors inhabited the Philippines and the time before the coming of our first colonizers. Arts in this time were for ritual purposes or everyday use only. As local communities were established, art starts to go beyond mere craft, i.e., stone weapons or jewelry but starts to have decorative elements, meaning, and context. Pre-Colonial Period: In the Pre-Colonial Period, the Tabon Man was the oldest human fossils found in the Philippines they were also called as the skull cap of a “Stone-Age Filipino”, about 22,000 years old. They were discovered by Dr. Robert B. Fox, American Anthropologist of the National Museum, inside Tabon Cave Palawan, on May 28, 1962. Pre-Colonial Period Arts: The coming of Negritos They came during the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic) walking dry shod through Malay Peninsula, Borneo and the land bridges and were the first inhabitants. NOTABLE ART PIECES / ARTS WORK Pre-Colonial Period Arts: LITERATURE - It can be in written and oral form. Cave drawings and writings are the earliest forms of written literature, and rituals, chants, and storytelling are the earliest forms of oral literature. Angono Petroglyphs Pre-Colonial Period Arts: Angono Petroglyphs | Angono, Rizal Discovered in 1965, the Angono Petroglyphs are believed to be the oldest known artworks in the Philippines. Dating to the third millennium B.C., they are a collection of 127 figural carvings engraves on the wall a shallow cave of volcanic tuff. In 1973, they were declared a National Cultural Treasure, and in 1985 were listed on the World Inventory of Rock Art. Pre-Colonial Period Arts: Lingling-o| Duyong Cave, Palawan | (2000 BC - 1000 AD) Lingling-o is a kind of ear pendant fashioned from green nephrite (jade) is the characteristic trait of the Early Metal Age. One of the finest jade ornaments found to date is the double-headed pendant recovered from Duyong Cave, Palawan. It is an example of the superb craftsmanship of ancient carving in jade. Pre-Colonial Arts: Manunggul Jar | Lipuun Point, Palawan | (890-710 B.C.) The Manunggul jar was a perfect illustration of the creativity and sense of artistry of the Filipino People. It is depicted the Filipino values of respect for one’s soul, compassion, nationalism and faith. Pre-Colonial Arts: VISUAL ARTS - Sculpture, paintings, and pottery were the widely known forms of visual arts in the Pre-Colonial Period, such as the tattoos from the pintados in Panay, the Bulul that is a wooden sculpture of the rice God of Ifugaos, and the Manunggul burial jar that was found in Palawan. Pre-Colonial Arts: LITERATURE: Baybayin - a Filipino ancient script also known in Visayan as badlit, derived from Brahmic scripts of India and first recorded in the 16th century. It continued to be used during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines up until the late 19th century. Quran - Quran reading was introduced, and the Arabic language and writing were taught. Pre-Colonial and Spanish Period Arts: When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in 1521, the colonizers used art as a tool to propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful images. With communication as a problem, the friars used images to explain the concepts behind Catholicism and to tell the stories of Christ’s life and passion. LITERATURE - Baybayin from Mangyans of Mindoro was one of the only preserved traditional writings of the Filipinos, and the Doctrina Christiana (the teachings of Christianity) was introduced by the Spaniards. Pre-Colonial Arts: LITERATURE - In the 13th century, traders and missionaries introduced Islam religion in the Philippines, specifically, Sayyid Abubakar of Arabia. Islamic art meshed with ethnic culture and produced a Filipino Muslim art that reflects the ethnic background and Islamic identity. Pre-Colonial Arts: ARCHITECTURE - Early mosques were built made of light materials such as wood, bamboo, and cogon grass. SCULPTURE - The traditional art form of this era was known as Ukkil/Okki. It uses geometric and floral artwork. One popular motif of this art form is the use of imagery of a dragon or serpent.  Pre-Colonial Arts: TATTOO - The precolonial Philippine tattoo designs were mostly abstract and geometric forms. And it is believed that these tattoos were more than ornamental — they were sacred and held meaning and purpose to each regional tattoo practitioner across the Islands. WEAVING - The weaving culture in the Philippines dates back to the 13th century. The tradition makes use of raw materials like local cotton, abaca, fibres, and pineapples. Uprising of the Filipino Artists and their works.  FILIPINO ART Introduced formal Painting, Sculpture and Architecture which was inspired by the different art movements. Most artworks are Religious (Catholic)based. Artworks bear the Philippine themed decor even with Spanish influence.  FILIPINO ART In the formation of the elite Filipino class, the Illustrado paved way for the rich locals to study abroad, a more “academic” and “western” approach has been learned. The Filipino Classism is formed that borrows the Neo-Classicism, Romanticism and even a hint of Impressionism. FILIPINO ART THE FATHER OF FILIPINO PAINTING DAMIAN DOMINGO y GABON a Filipino artist and art professor considered by many to be the father of Philippine painting. He was a prolific painter that specializes in miniature portraits, religious images and native costumes of the Philippines. Damian is known as one of the artist of the decorative art illustrations tipos del pais watercolor paintings that depict local costumes. Is also became an album of different native costu. He is also the first Filipino to paint his face, the first Self-Portrait in the Philippines. Founder of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, the first school of drawing in the Philippines (1821) FILIPINO ART THE FATHER OF FILIPINO PAINTING DAMIAN DOMINGO y GABON FILIPINO ART FILIPINO ART JUAN LUNA y NOVICIO Was a Filipino painter, sculptor, and a politician activist of the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century. His Spoliarium won the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts. FILIPINO ART JUAN LUNA y NOVICIO SPOLIARIUM FILIPINO ART JUAN LUNA y NOVICIO HYMEN, OH HYMENEE FILIPINO ART FELIX RESURRECCION HIDALGO y PADILLA One of the greatest Filipino painters along with fellow painter Juan Luna in the 19th century. His work has a touch of Romanticism and aesthetics of the Neoclassicism. He was a prominent Filipino painter. Born in 1855 in Binondo, Manila, Philippines, he passed away in 1913 in Barcelona, Spain. FILIPINO ART FELIX RESURRECCION HIDALGO y PADILLA LA BARCA DE AQUERONTE FILIPINO ART FERNANDO AMORSOLO A portraitist and painter of rural landscapes. He is best known for his craftsmanship and mastery in the use of light. First awardee of the National Artist Award in 1972 His subjects were more likely to be inspired by Philippine genre and historical, nudes and society portraits. Avoids the use of dark colors in his painting and uses pastel colors instead to produce a more calm feeling in his paintings. FILIPINO ART FERNANDO AMORSOLO THE FRUIT PICKERS FILIPINO ART FERNANDO AMORSOLO RICE PLANTING FILIPINO ART VICENTE MANANSALA Vicente Silva Manansala (January 22, 1910 - August 22, 1981) was a Philippine cubist painter and illustrator. Manansala was born in Macabebe, Pampanga. Died on August 22, 1981 due to Cancer. He worked as an illustrator for the Philippines Herald Magazine and, in 1948, won awards in the First National Art Exhibition of the Art Association of the Philippines. FILIPINO ART VICENTE MANANSALA PILA SA BIGAS FILIPINO ART VICENTE MANANSALA The Philippine Museums  PHILIPPINE MUSEUMS Museums are vital institutions that play a multifaceted role in society. They preserve and protect cultural and scientific heritage, educate and engage the public, support research and scholarship, and foster community connections.  PHILIPPINE MUSEUMS The significance of museums in Filipino culture is multifaceted, serving as educational hubs, cultural preservers, and platforms for national identity. They play a crucial role in safeguarding the rich heritage of the Philippines, allowing present and future generations to connect with their history.  PHILIPPINE MUSEUMS National Museum of the Philippines History: Established in 1901, the National Museum serves as the primary institution for Philippine national heritage. Collections: ○ National Museum of Fine Arts: Features masterpieces by Filipino artists such as Juan Luna and Fernando Amorsolo. ○ National Museum of Anthropology: Showcases artifacts from pre-colonial to contemporary Philippine cultures. ○ National Museum of Natural History: Focuses on the natural biodiversity of the Philippines. Notable Exhibits: “Spoliarium” by Juan Luna, pre-Hispanic gold collection.  PHILIPPINE MUSEUMS National Museum of the Philippines  PHILIPPINE MUSEUMS Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) History: Established in 1969, CCP is dedicated to preserving and promoting Philippine arts and culture. Collections: Includes visual arts, performing arts, and cultural heritage. Notable Exhibits: Regular exhibitions of contemporary Filipino artists and traditional performances. Events: Hosts various cultural events, theater performances, and art exhibitions.  PHILIPPINE MUSEUMS Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP)  PHILIPPINE MUSEUMS Ayala Museum History: Founded in 1967 by the Ayala Foundation, it aims to promote Filipino culture and history. Collections: Pre-Colonial Gold Collection: Artifacts showcasing the Philippines’ rich pre-colonial heritage. Dioramas of Philippine History: A series of detailed dioramas illustrating significant historical events. Contemporary Art Exhibits: Regular showcases of contemporary Filipino art. Notable Exhibits: “Gold of Ancestors,” dioramas of key Philippine historical events.  PHILIPPINE MUSEUMS Ayala Museum  PHILIPPINE MUSEUMS Ayala Museum History: Founded in 1967 by the Ayala Foundation, it aims to promote Filipino culture and history. Collections: Pre-Colonial Gold Collection: Artifacts showcasing the Philippines’ rich pre-colonial heritage. Dioramas of Philippine History: A series of detailed dioramas illustrating significant historical events. Contemporary Art Exhibits: Regular showcases of contemporary Filipino art. Notable Exhibits: “Gold of Ancestors,” dioramas of key Philippine historical events.  References Roldan, A.N., & Dellosa, C. (2019) A Course Module on Art Appreciation. Rex Publishing House.Philippines Nery, I. & Cruz, B. (2018) Art Appreciation. JTCA Publishing. Philippines Sedgwick, J. (1959) Art Appreciation Made Simple. Doubleday and Company, Inc. United States History of Philippine Art https://www.preceden.com/timelines/667670-history-of-philippine-art St. Dominic College of Asia Eastern “ASIAN” Art Ms. Kristine A. Herrera Professor, Art Appreciation  Goals for this lesson: Uncover and examine the major periods in Eastern art history. Differentiate the works of art produced during the various time periods and art movements. Recognize influences of art on the development of Eastern culture. Eastern Art: Asia is noted for its distinct historic worldview and cultural traditions. In fact, when we think of the great cultural centers animating world history, we tend to imagine civilizations of ancient Europe, the Middle East, Mesoamerica, and, of course, Asia. Asian cultures developed worldviews, artistic traditions, and social values that were sometimes similar (and sometimes different) from other parts of the world. Eastern Art: Chinese Art Some of the oldest Chinese works of art are pottery, and examples have been found dating back to 18,000 BC. The Yangshao culture in northern China (ca. 6000 BC) was known for its red-painted pottery, made by layering coils of clay one on top of the other and then smoothing their surface with a paddle. Eastern Art: Chinese Art Perhaps the most spectacular example of pottery from ancient China is the Terracotta Army (shown on the right), a large group of figural sculptures made of unglazed fired clay. Commissioned by a Qin Dynasty emperor for his mausoleum, the army includes almost life-sized figures of 8,000 warriors in military gear, as well as chariots, horses, archers, officials, and musicians. Eastern Art: Chinese Art One of the most treasured Chinese art forms is calligraphy, the art of writing with emphasis on visual strokes. Done with brush and ink, it was invented during the Shang Dynasty. In Chinese calligraphy, each word has its own abstract symbol or character. Calligraphic writing continued to evolve throughout the Qin and Han Dynasties, when standard established characters and brushstrokes finally developed. Calligraphy also connects to later art. The sense of line artists developed in it later influenced qualities in watercolor painting, which in China developed into an art form until the Song Dynasty (960 to 1127 AD). Eastern Art: Chinese Art In c. 220 B.C., under Qin Shi Huang, sections of earlier fortifications were joined together to form a united defence system against invasions from the north. Construction continued up to the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), when the Great Wall became the world's largest military structure. Its historic and strategic importance is matched only by its architectural significance. Eastern Art: Japanese Art The earliest inhabitants of Japan likely arrived from mainland Asia thousands of years ago so it is no surprise that Japanese art has a long history of Chinese influences. Many foreign techniques were adopted and developed locally with a unique character. By the late 19th century, Japan opened to the western world. At that time, some tried to categorize Japanese art as a single style. However, Japanese art is incredibly diverse and each historical period has its own characteristics and prevailing forms of art Eastern Art: Japanese Art Often influenced by the Chinese forms, Japanese art could be religious of secular in nature. Some of the oldest Japanese art included earthenware, and ceramic vessels. They also feature sculptures like dogu figures, often shaped like women and thought to be used for fertility prayers, and haniwa funerary forms, which were often shaped like horses or warriors and placed outside ancient Japanese tombs. Eastern Art: Japanese Art Later sculpture often focused on the Buddhist religion, including the bronze Buddha of Kamakura. Painting in Japan developed out of calligraphy, or the art of beautiful writing. Subjects included nature, landscapes and people. Sometimes they were painted on silk scrolls in spontaneous brushstrokes. Eastern Art: Japanese Art In the simplest terms, temples are Buddhist, while shrines are Shinto. Temples have a large incense burner and many Buddhist statues, and may or may not have a graveyard attached to them, while shrines have a large, often vermilion red, torii, or sacred gate, standing in front of them. Eastern Art: Korean Art The art produced by peoples living in the peninsula of Korea has traditionally shared aesthetics concepts, motifs, techniques, and forms with the art of China and Japan. Yet it has developed a distinctive style of its own. The beauty of Korean art and the strength of its artists lay in simplicity, spontaneity, and a feeling of harmony with nature Eastern Art: Korean Art One of the main characteristics of Korean art is its close association with naturalism, a characteristic already noticable by the time of the Three Kingdoms period (c.57 BCE - 668 CE) but fully established by the Silla period (668–935). The practice of accepting nature as it is, led to a highly developed appreciation for the simple and the unadorned. Eastern Art: Korean Art In wood carving , for instance, Korean sculptors favoured the unaltered beauty of the natural wood grain. In ceramic art, the Korean potter was not interested in achieving technical perfection (in his surfaces, curves, or shapes), but in bringing out the natural characteristics of his materials and medium. Eastern Art: Korean Art Gyeongbokgung Palace was the first and largest of the royal palaces built during the Joseon Dynasty. Built in 1395, Gyeongbokgung Palace was located at the heart of the newly appointed capital of Seoul (then known as Hanyang) and represented the sovereignty of the Joseon Dynasty END OF LESSON.