Humanities: Art Appreciation PDF

Humanities : Art Appreciation Historical Development of Art Princess Alvina Chuajap – Leader Members : Ren Carlo Balsomo Sheena Camille Napay Warren Delos Santos Chariss N. Legaspi Zyrril P. Fajardo...

Humanities : Art Appreciation Historical Development of Art Princess Alvina Chuajap – Leader Members : Ren Carlo Balsomo Sheena Camille Napay Warren Delos Santos Chariss N. Legaspi Zyrril P. Fajardo Maria Joy N. Ramirez  PREHISTORIC ART (CAVE ART) Talented artists with their creative artworks have served mankind for its entire existence. Even during the ancient times up to the early civilization and the modern world, art has served several functions in human life. In the history of art, prehistoric art refers to all artworks produced by ancient men before any preconceived culture and known methods of writing and record keeping ever existed, simply meaning art before history. The term cave painting or petrograph refers to any parietal art, which involves the application of color pigments on the walls, floors, or ceilings of ancient rock dwellings inhabited by prehistoric man. Monochrome cave paintings Monochrome cave paintings are images with only one color, for example, black, just like the cave images found in Chauvet cave in France. Polychrome cave paintings A polychrome cave painting has two or more colors, as can be seen in the multicolored images of bison on the ceiling at Altamira cave in Spain.  The term cave drawing or petroglyps, on the other hand, refers to an engraved drawing, that is, etched or done by cutting lines on the rock surface with a sharp object probably a flint or stone tool, Rather than one made by drawing lines with charcoal and maganese. The Paleolithic Period In arts was the time when primitive cave artworks were created with the use of primitive stone tools by primitive men. The Paleolithic Period Art The Neolithic Period The Neolithic Period or the shift from Old Stone Age or Paleolithic to New Stone Age or Neolithic happened when man began to develop culture and change his lifestyle. Neolithic art reflected the great shift in living conditions. Neolithic Period Art PHILIPPINE PRIMITIVE ART The Philippines as a colony of Spain, U.S., and Japan saw the decline and destruction of its ancient customs and traditions because of the strong influence of the conquering nations, which by way of violence and intimidation, bent the people to their will and, thus, in effect left a country hungry for its own identity.  Cave Paintings In the municipality of Binangonan, province of Rizal, The Angono Petroglyps Site Museum is located. It was accidentally discovered by National Artist Carlos “Botong” Francisco with a troop of boy scouts during a field trip in 1965. Cave Paintings  The dating was relatively later and placed atnot earlier than l500 B.C. or even later. There are two kinds of Petrographs: (a). Charcoal drawings on cave walls in Peñablanca, Cagayan Province, and the Singnapan Caves in southern Palawan.  (b). Red hematite prints in Anda Peninsula, Bohol province. The dating of these is still undetermined.  Burial Jars The secondary burial jar was found in Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan in the early 1960's and now considered one of the Philippines' national cultural treasures. Manunggul Jars  CLASSICAL PERIOD The term classical art refers to the art form from Greece and Rome. Classicism in the arts favors the classical period, classical antiquity (or the ancient times) in the western tradition, as standard for taste, which the classicists want to copy or imitate. Here are some key characteristics of Classical art: -Idealized Beauty: Classical sculptures often depict figures with perfect proportions and features, representing the ideal human form. -Naturalism and Realism: While idealized, Classical art strives for a realistic representation of the human form and - Emphasis on Order and Harmony: Classical art is characterized by its balance and symmetry, creating a sense of harmony and order. - Focus on the Human Figure: The human figure is a central subject in Classical art, often depicted in scenes of mythology, history, and daily life. - Use of Marble and Bronze: These materials were favored for their durability and  CLASSICAL PERIOD Classical period is a general term describing the long period of time in cultural history when the Mediterranean Sea was the center. It started with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer and continued through the rise of Rome and Christianity, up to the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the start of the Early Middle Ages. This period is characterized by a confluence of factors that shaped Western civilization: - Greek Influence: The classical period began with the flourishing of Greek culture, encompassing its advancements in philosophy, literature, art, and architecture. - Roman Expansion: The rise and expansion of the Roman Empire brought about a period of political and cultural dominance, spreading Greek and Roman influences throughout the Mediterranean world. - Rise of Christianity: The emergence and spread of Christianity during the later stages of the classical period profoundly impacted the social, cultural, and religious landscape of the Roman Empire. - Fall of the Western Roman Empire: The decline and eventual fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century CE marked the end of the classical period and ushered in the Early Middle Ages.  GREEK ART The art of the ancient Greeks has been held as the standard or measure by which all later art will be judged. It has shaped our minds of what perfection should look like.  The art of acient Greece is usually divided stylistically into Three periods: 1. The Archaic Period 2.The Golden Age or Classical Period 3. Hellenistic Period  The Archaic Period Classical Greek art itself was a product of previous influences. Remnants of cultures pre-dating the Greeks could be seen in early statues Stone figures called kouroi were common The heavy stylized and rigid statue of human anatomy displayed the influence of the ancient Egyptians Example of "Kouroi "  The Golden Age or Classical Period Greek artists would develop their own style They tried to capture and imitate the human body as realistically as possible THE ARTEMISION BRONZE  The Golden Age or Classical Period Greek's Golden Age or the Classical Period of ancient Greece was the time when the Greeks achieved new heights in art, architecture, theater, and philosophy. The Classical Period began after the Greek victory over the Persians.  The Golden Age or Classical Period One of the most remarkable achievements was the reconstruction of the Parthenon, a temple dedicated to Athena on the Acropolis. THE PARTHENON  The Golden Age or Classical Period Pericles, the leader of Athens, orchestrated the rebuilding of the Acropolis with the assistance of his friend Pheidias. Pheidias crafted a new statue of Athena using ivory and gold, which was placed on the Acropolis. The mathematician Pythagoras and the philosopher Socrates, who engaged with his followers on the streets of Athens.  The greatest known works of the Classical period for contemporaries : 1.Massive Statue of Zeus at Olympia 2.Statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon This statue were both chryselephantine (made of gold and ivory, chrysus, elephantine) and completed by Phidias or under his direction. STATUE OF ZEUS STATUE OF ATHENA PARTHENOS  Greek art influenced Roman art, and both of them were an inspiration for the Renaissance. The Golden Age of Athens was the time when Greece reached its height during 457 B.C. to 430 B.C  Hellenistic Period Hellenistic arts copied life realistically, especially in sculpture and literature. Almost No Greek paintings survived the ages until the 20th century.  The paintings that survived were mostly is : Vases that were made during the Archaic Age (750 В.С. to 500 B.C.) Not during the Golden Age of Greece (457 B.C. to 430 B.C.).  The Euphronios Krater famous ancient Greek vase was created in the late Archaic Period, specifically around 515-510 BC. was crafted from terracotta Material: Terracotta Clay ceramic, water, sand or grit Decorated with intricate red-figure paintings.  Greeks adorned their warships with pigments mixed with hot wax. The Greeks also made use of paints made from precious stones, earth, and plants.  The development of perspective and realism in ancient Greek and Roman art. Early Perspective Greek vase painters in the 5th century B.C. used foreshortening to create depth in their artwork. Agatharchus of Samos wrote about perspective, emphasizing the importance of lines converging towards a vanishing point.  The development of perspective and realism in ancient Greek and Roman art. Roman Scenography Roman architect Vitruvius defined scenography in the 1st century B.C. as a technique of shading and converging lines to create a sense of depth and perspective. Greek Sculptural Mastery Greek sculptors were highly skilled and surpassed both the Egyptians and Romans in their craftsmanship and aesthetics.  The development of perspective and realism in ancient Greek and Roman art. Subject Matter Athletes were a popular subject in Greek art, reflecting the culture's emphasis on physical prowess and competition.  ROMAN ART The Romans were practical people and wanted their art and architecture to be useful. They planned their cities and built bridges, aqueducts, public baths, and marketplaces, apartment houses, and harbors. Roman art By the 1 century B.C. the Romans improved the use of concrete. The material could be made into any shape for arches, vaults, or domes. Concrete made it possible for architects to build structures of great size. One such example was the massive construction of the Temple of Fortune at Praeneste, built by the ruler Sulla about 80 B.C.  Roman Architecture Temple of Fortune Roman Colosseum SCULPTURE "AUGUSTUS" Augustus Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus, also known as Octavian was the founder of the Roman Empire. He reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult, as well as an era of imperial peace in which the Roman world was largely free of armed conflict.  Roman paintings, preserved in Pompeii after the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 79 AD, provide a wealth of information about Roman art. These fresco, typically found on the interior walls of homes, served as decoration and created illusions of depth and expansive spaces. Cubiculum(bedroom) From The Villa of P. Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale he Romans in their Decadence The death of Julius Caesar Artist:Thomas Couture Artist:Vincenzo Camuccini