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Intellectual Revolution Significant in the development of human beings, transformation of society and formulation of scientific ideas. Lead to the creation of new research fields in science. Transform the natural world and world of ideas. ❖ 3 Notable Scientist of Scientific Revolution...

Intellectual Revolution Significant in the development of human beings, transformation of society and formulation of scientific ideas. Lead to the creation of new research fields in science. Transform the natural world and world of ideas. ❖ 3 Notable Scientist of Scientific Revolution 1. Nicolas Copernicus – The man who moved the sun 2. Charles Darwin – The genius behind the evolution 3. Sigmund Freud – The father of Psychoanalysis ❖ Heliocentric Theory (Nicolas Copernicus) - In the 16th century Aristarchus was an inspiration for Polish Astronomer Nicolas Copernicus. Six Books Concerning the Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs. 1. First Book (Liber Primus) 2. Second Book (Liber Secundus) 3. Third Book (Liber Tertius) 4. Fourth Book (Liber Quartus) 5. Fifth Book (Liber Quintus) 6. Sixth Book (Liber Sextus) - Copernicus cited Aristarchus as an ancient authority who had espoused the motion of earth. - His theory opposed the Geocentrism during his time. ❖ The Theory of Evolution (Charles Darwin) - Darwin's book Descent of Man introduced the concept that all organic life, including humans, evolved through natural processes, challenging the previously dominant religious view that humans held a special, privileged position as creations of God. - Darwin's observations of various species on the Galapagos Islands during a five-year voyage aboard the HMS Beagle contributed to his revolutionary ideas. He is credited with changing perspectives on the world's creation and evolution, although the text contains a factual error in stating that The Origin of Species was published in 1589— it was actually published in 1859. Natural Selection - Individuals with traits that help them survive in their environment will have more offspring, passing those traits to the next generation. - Individuals with less helpful traits are less likely to survive and pass on their traits. - Over time, the traits that help survival and reproduction will become more common in the population, leading to evolution.  Darwin was inspired by: 1. Jean Baptiste Lamarck – The Theory of Acquired Characteristics 2. Charles Lyell - argued that gradual geological processes have gradually shaped Earth’s surface. 3. Thomas Malthus - argued that human populations grow faster than the resources they depend on. When populations become too large, famine and disease break out. ❖ The Theory of Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) - The idea of the unconscious mind changed how we think about human behavior. It suggests that many of our actions are not controlled by what we're aware of, but by hidden desires and past experiences we're not consciously thinking about. Id (Instincts) – The desires Ego (Reality) – part of the mind that mediates between the conscious and unconscious Superego (Morality) – Sensing of right and wrong Science, Technology and Nation Building - The History of Science and Technology in the Philippines started way before it’s independence from the American Colonizers. ❖ Pre-Spanish Philippines - In the Pre-Spanish Philippines science and technology is embedded to the way of life of the people. - Including: To observe in the way, they plant their crops that provide them with food. Taking care of animals to help them in their daily tasks and in food production. People use science to understand how the movement of stars and planets helps predict seasons and weather. They also use science to prepare the soil for farming and have learned how plants can be used as medicine. Technology is used by people in building houses, irrigation and in developing tools that they can use in everyday life. Tools like: Bolo, Banga, Suyod, Musical instruments etc. - The different archeological artifacts discovered in different parts of the country also proved that the Metal Age had significant influence on the lives of early Filipinos. ❖ Spanish Colony Era - When the Spaniards colonized the Philippines, they brought their culture and practices. They set up schools for boys and girls and introduced the idea of subjects and discipline, marking the start of formal science and technology in the country. Life during the Spanish era gradually became more modern. The galleon trade also brought new technology and development to the Philippines. ❖ American Occupation - In just 45 years, the Americans had a bigger impact on science and technology in the Philippines than the Spaniards did in 300 years. They set up a public education system, improved engineering, and health conditions, and established the University of the Philippines as a modern research university. They introduced science in both public and private schools and focused on developing the country's human resources. The Americans also promoted health and sanitation, teaching cleanliness and proper hygiene, and they built hospitals, clinics, and health centers for public use. ❖ Philippine Independence - Since the establishment of the new republic, the whole nation has been focusing its limited resources in improving its science and technological capabilities. - Philippines explored the use of ODA or Overseas Development Allocations to help improve other countries’ scientific productivity. ❖ Government Policy on Science and Technology - Government introduced and implemented several programs, projects and policies to boost the area of science and technology. The main goal is to prepare the whole country and its people to meet the demand of a technologically driven world and capacitate people to live in a world driven by science. NRCP Policies: 1. Social Science, Humanities, Education, Internal Policies and Governance. (Integrate ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the curriculum Emphasizing teaching in Mother Tongue Language (MTL) Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT broadband Local food security) 2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Science, and Mathematics. (Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities Outright grants for peer monitoring Review of RA9184(Government Procurement Reform Act) Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of development) 3. Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. (Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with ASEAN-harmonized standard by full implementation of the FDA Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of pharmaceutical services and care  Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-based research as pool of information Allocating 2% GDP to research Legislation of a law supporting human genome projects) 4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry. (Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of existing laws (such as Biodiversity: Act No. 2590) Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries Promoting indigenous knowledge system and indigenous people’s conservation Formulating common food and safety standards) ❖ Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Supported Projects - The government is giving money for basic research in science and technology, offering scholarships for students in these fields, and opening more branches of the Philippine Science High School to support education in science and technology. ❖ How Does Science and Technology Contributed to the Following Sectors Economy: Innovation is driven by science and technology, resulting in the creation of new industries, products and services. This, in turn, leads to more job opportunities and economic growth. Healthcare: Medical technology advancements have improved healthcare results, resulting in longer life expectancies and higher quality of life. Education: Transformed by technology, which has made learning more accessible and engaging. Education has become more inclusive and cost-effective owing to online learning platforms, virtual classrooms and e-learning technologies. Infrastructure: Making transportation, communication and energy systems more efficient and sustainable. Scientific development has enabled smart cities, green energy, and efficient transportation systems. Defense: Science and technology have evidently played an important role in national defense, resulting in more sophisticated weaponry, surveillance, and communication systems. As a result, nations are more secure and better prepared to defend themselves against external threat.