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Questions and Answers
What does the theory of psychoanalysis primarily suggest about human behavior?
Which component of the mind according to Freud represents morality?
How did Pre-Spanish Filipinos utilize science in their daily lives?
What significant influence did the Metal Age have in Pre-Spanish Philippines?
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What major change did the Spaniards introduce during their colonization of the Philippines?
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Which of the following statements about the American occupation of the Philippines is true?
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What role did the galleon trade play during the Spanish era in the Philippines?
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Which of the following best describes the state of Filipino science and technology before American colonization?
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What is one way the government is supporting science and technology education?
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Which sector has seen improvements in life expectancies as a result of advancements in technology?
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How has technology transformed education?
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What role does science and technology play in national defense?
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In what way has science and technology contributed to economic growth?
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What was one of the primary health initiatives introduced by the Americans in the Philippines?
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What is the main goal of the government programs on science and technology in the Philippines?
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Which of the following is a component of the NRCP policies related to Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences?
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What does the NRCP focus on in the field of Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research?
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Which of the following policies aims to integrate ASEAN awareness in basic education?
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What is one of the strategies outlined for improving biological sciences and agriculture in the Philippines?
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How much of the GDP is allocated to research in the pharmaceutical sector according to NRCP policies?
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Which field does NRCP policy 4 focus on?
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What was a significant outcome of the Intellectual Revolution?
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Which scientist is credited with formulating the Heliocentric Theory?
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What concept did Charles Darwin's 'Descent of Man' introduce?
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What is one of the key mechanisms of evolution as proposed by Darwin?
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Which of the following scientists influenced Darwin's ideas about natural selection?
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What did Darwin observe during his voyage on the HMS Beagle?
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Which of the following statements about Copernicus's theory is correct?
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What was a significant error regarding Darwin's publication noted in the content?
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Study Notes
Scientific Revolution
- Three prominent scientists of the Scientific Revolution are Nicolas Copernicus, Charles Darwin, and Sigmund Freud.
- Nicolas Copernicus, inspired by the ancient Greek astronomer Aristarchus, proposed the Heliocentric Theory, which placed the Sun at the center of the solar system, challenging the prevailing geocentric view.
- Copernicus's theory was detailed in his six-book work "De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium" ("On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres").
- Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection revolutionized our understanding of the diversity of life on Earth.
- Darwin's observations during his voyage on the HMS Beagle, particularly on the Galapagos Islands, contributed to his groundbreaking ideas.
- Darwin's key concept of natural selection posits that organisms with traits that make them better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those advantageous traits to their offspring.
- Inspired by early thinkers such as Jean Baptiste Lamarck, who proposed the theory of acquired characteristics, and Charles Lyell, who advocated for gradual geological processes shaping Earth's surface, Darwin's work built upon existing scientific ideas.
- Sigmund Freud developed the theory of psychoanalysis, which proposes that the unconscious mind plays a significant role in human behavior.
- Freud's theory introduced the concepts of the Id (instinctual drives), Ego (mediator between conscious and unconscious), and Superego (sense of morality).
Science, Technology, and Nation Building in the Philippines
- Science and technology have played a crucial role in the development of the Philippines throughout its history.
- Pre-Spanish Philippines: Science and technology were deeply ingrained in everyday life. Filipinos utilized their knowledge of nature to cultivate crops, care for animals, predict seasons and weather patterns, build homes, and develop tools for daily tasks.
- Spanish Colonial Era: The Spanish introduced formal education, including science and technology, through the establishment of schools. This led to a gradual modernization of Filipino life and the introduction of new technologies through the galleon trade.
- American Occupation: The Americans significantly impacted science and technology in the Philippines by establishing a public education system, improving engineering and health conditions, and founding the University of the Philippines as a modern research university.
- Philippine Independence: The post-independence government has emphasized the importance of science and technology development, exploring various programs and initiatives to enhance research and technological capabilities.
- Overseas Development Allocations (ODA) have been utilized to support scientific productivity in other countries.
Government Policy on Science and Technology
- The National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) has outlined policies spanning various fields to advance science and technology.
- NRCP Policies:
- Social Science, Humanities, Education, Internal Policies and Governance: Integration of ASEAN awareness into basic education, emphasis on teaching in the Mother Tongue Language (MTL), development of school infrastructure, provision of ICT broadband, and focus on local food security.
- Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Science, and Mathematics: Emphasis on degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities in these fields, outright grants for peer monitoring, revision of the Government Procurement Reform Act (RA 9184), and harnessing science and technology for development.
- Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences: Ensuring compliance with ASEAN-harmonized standards in drug manufacturing, creating an education council for pharmaceutical services standardization, empowering food and drug agencies with evidence-based research, allocating 2% of GDP to research, and supporting legislation for human genome projects.
- Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry: Protecting and conserving biodiversity through existing laws, utilizing biosafety and standard models employed by ASEAN countries, promoting indigenous knowledge systems and conservation efforts by indigenous peoples, and formulating common food and safety standards.
Department of Science and Technology (DOST) Supported Projects
- The DOST has been instrumental in promoting science and technology by providing funding for basic research, offering scholarships, and expanding the reach of the Philippine Science High School.
Contributions of Science and Technology to Various Sectors
- Economy: Science and technology drive innovation, leading to new industries, products, services, job creation, and economic growth.
- Healthcare: Medical technology advancements have enhanced healthcare outcomes, resulting in extended life expectancies and improved quality of life.
- Education: Technology has transformed education, making learning more accessible and engaging. It has also made education more inclusive and cost-effective through online platforms, virtual classrooms, and e-learning technologies.
- Infrastructure: Science and technology have improved transportation, communication, and energy systems in terms of efficiency and sustainability. They have enabled the development of smart cities, green energy solutions, and efficient transportation systems.
- Defense: Science and technology have played a crucial role in strengthening national defense through the enhancement of weaponry, surveillance, and communication systems, improving national security and preparedness for external threats.
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Description
Explore the groundbreaking contributions of key scientists during the Scientific Revolution, including Nicolas Copernicus, Charles Darwin, and Sigmund Freud. Learn about Copernicus's Heliocentric Theory and Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Discover how these ideas transformed our understanding of the universe and life on Earth.
