English and Academic Professional Purposes Grade 12 Reviewer PDF

**REVIEWER FOR ENGLISH AND ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES GRADE 12** **An academic text** is a written language that provides information, which contain ideas and concepts that are related to the particular discipline. Essay, Research Paper, Report, Project, Article, Thesis, and Dissertation are co...

**REVIEWER FOR ENGLISH AND ACADEMIC PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES GRADE 12** **An academic text** is a written language that provides information, which contain ideas and concepts that are related to the particular discipline. Essay, Research Paper, Report, Project, Article, Thesis, and Dissertation are considered as academic texts. **Characteristics of an Academic Text** **Structure** The basic structure that is used by an academic text is consist of three (3) parts introduction, body, and conclusion which is formal and logical. This kind of structure enables the reader to follow the argument and navigate the text. **Tone** This refers to the attitude conveyed in a piece of writing. The arguments of others are fairly presented and with an appropriate narrative tone. **Language** It is important to use unambiguous language. Clear topic sentences enable a reader to follow your line of thinking without difficulty. Formal language and the third person point- of-view should be used. Technical language appropriate to area of study may also be used, however, it does not mean using "big words" just for the sake of doing so. **Citation -** The body of the paper and providing a list of references as either footnotes or endnotes is a very important aspect of an academic text. It is essential to always acknowledge the source of any ideas, research findings, data, or quoted text that have been used in a paper as a defense against allegations of plagiarism. **Complexity** An academic text addresses complex issues that require higher-order thinking skills to comprehend. **Evidence-based Arguments** What is valued in an academic text is that opinions are based on a sound understanding of the pertinent body of knowledge and academic debates that exist within, and often external to a specific discipline. **Thesis-driven-** The starting point of an academic text is a particular perspective, idea or position applied to the chosen research problem, such as establishing, proving, or disproving solutions to the questions posed for the topic. **Features of Academic Texts:** **1. Complex** - Written language has no longer words, it is lexically more varied vocabulary. **2. Formal** - Should avoid colloquial words and expressions. **3. Precise** - Facts are given accurately and precisely. **4. Objective** - has fewer words that emphasize on the information you want to give and the arguments you want to make **5. Explicit** - It is the responsibility of the writer in English to make it clear to the reader how the various parts of the text are related. **6. Accurate** - Uses vocabulary accurately \- Most subjects have words with narrow specific meanings. **7. Hedging** - It is necessary to make decisions about your stance on a particular subject, or the strength of the claims you are making. **8. Responsible-** You must be responsible for and must be able to provide evidence and justification for any claims you make. **9. Organize** - Well-organized. It flows easily from one section to the next in a logical fashion. **10. Plan** - Well-planned. It usually takes place after research and evaluation, according to specific purpose and plan. **Thesis Statement** - A thesis statement is the controlling idea that you will develop in your paper. This can be found usually at the end of an introduction. A thesis statement can be one sentence. However, if necessary, it can also be two or three sentences. **Elements of a Thesis Statement** **1. Topic**. The topic of your paper. **2. Argument/Claim.** This depends on the type of paper you are writing. If it is an argumentative paper, then this should express your opinion. If it is research or explanatory paper, this should explain the purpose of your paper. **3. Evidence**. The support for your argument/claim. **OUTLINE**- An outline is a design to follow when writing a structure, a discourse, or an article. It arranges a material in a logical way into main ideas, supporting ideas, and supporting details. **1. Somebody Wanted but So Then** - Each word represents a key question related to a text's essential elements: **2. SAAC Method**. This method is particularly helpful in learning the format of a summary. This includes the title and author's name. **3. 5W's, 1 H.** - This technique relies on six crucial questions: Who, What, When, Where, Why, How. These questions make it easy to identify the main character, important details and main idea. Your summary may not necessarily follow this order as long as it contains all of this information. **4. First Then Finally.** This technique helps summarize events or steps in chronological order or in sequence. **REACTION PAPER**- is a form of paper writing in which the writer expresses his ideas and opinions about what has been read or seen. Reaction paper is evaluated due to the writer\'s communication skills and only then due the unique ideas and the content. This paper writing may be informal, two pages long. **LITERARY CRITICISM** **1. Formalist Criticism** - This approach regards literature as "a unique form of human knowledge that needs to be examined on its own terms." All the elements necessary for understanding the work are contained within the work itself. **2. Historical Criticism** - This approach "seeks to understand a literary work by investigating the social, cultural, and intellectual context that produced it---a context that necessarily includes the artist's biography and milieu." A key goal for historical critics is to understand the effect of a literary work upon its original readers. **3. Reader-Response Criticism** - This approach takes as a fundamental tenet that "literature" exists not as an artifact upon a printed page but as a transaction between the physical text and the mind of a reader. It attempts "to describe what happens in the reader's mind while interpreting a text" and reflects that reading, like writing, is a creative process. **5. Marxist Criticism** \- It focuses on the economic and political elements of art, often emphasizing the ideological content of literature; because Marxist criticism often argues that all art is political, either challenging or endorsing (by silence) the status quo, it is frequently evaluative and judgmental, a tendency that "can lead to reductive judgment, as when Soviet critics rated Jack London better than William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, Edith Wharton, and Henry James, because he illustrated the principles of class struggle more clearly." **TEXT STRUCTURES** (WDPI, 2012) refer to the way authors organize information in text. **NARRATIVE**- Narrates an event/story with characters, setting, conflict, point of view, and plot **CHRONOLOGICAL**- Present ideas or events in the order in which they happen **CAUSE AND EFFECT**- Provide explanations or reasons for phenomena **PROBLEM/ SOLUTION** -- Identify problems and pose solutions **COMPARE AND CONTRAST**- Discuss two ideas, events, or phenomena, showing how they are different and how they are similar. **DEFINITION OR DESCRIPTION**- Describes a topic by listing characteristics, features, attributes, and examples. *Trust yourself; you know more than you think you do.*