History Review PDF

HISTORY: Controversial, past events, Records, Contested DEFINITION “History is a CONTINUOUS PROCESS of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past.” – Edward H. Carr Thucydides, also known as the father of scientific history:...

HISTORY: Controversial, past events, Records, Contested DEFINITION “History is a CONTINUOUS PROCESS of interaction between the historian and his facts, an unending dialogue between the present and the past.” – Edward H. Carr Thucydides, also known as the father of scientific history: History is the systematic inquiry into the past, breaking it down into sequences of cause-and-effect interaction. For Zeus Salazar (Filipino Historian): “Kasaysayang may saysay sa sinasalaysayan” Pantayong Pananaw (from us- for us) – the philosophical foundation of bagong kasaysayan focuses on the importance of saysay or significance to the community where the history belongs. History should be processed, written and taught in Filipino language for the Filipino people. Etymology It is coined by the father of History HERODOTUS which derived from Ancient Greek iotopia (historia) inquiry; knowledge acquired by investigation’ He was born in Halicarnassus (Asia Minor). He travelled a lot especially in the near East and the Europe. He spent his life travelling from one territory to another. While he traveled, Herodotus collected what he called “autopsies” or “personal inquiries”. Because of his fondness, he becomes curious about the cause and effect of such event most especially the battle between Greco Persian War. And he works on just one project: an account of the origins and execution of the Greco-Persian Wars (499-479 B.C.) that he called “The Histories” (It’s from Herodotus’ work that we get the modern meaning of the word “History”). when not in travels he gave readings in public places and collected fees from officials for his appearances. History is Not… History is…  History is not the study of the past  The study of the past based on  History is not mere collection of the existing pieces of historical facts evidences   History is not about one absolute  History is distinct from facts. truth, one particular perspective or Historians ask not only “What one set of facts or figures happened?”  History is a discipline that utilizes historical methodology Who qualifies as a Historian? Historian’s task is to make an historical thinking by examining and interpret accounts through the skills they acquired in training which accompanied by professionalization of the discipline; taking up the study of history as a full-time career. SOURCES OF HISTORY are called BATIS. Primary Souces – includes written, oral, physical evidence, visual, electronic made/produced by people who were at historical events, either as observers or participants.  First-Hand information  Eyewitness accounts (saksi)  Original source documents  Raw materials of history  Evidence that is contemporaneous with the period under investigation Primary source is subjected to historical method which called Historical Criticism/Historical-Critical method. The method has two components of historical Criticism which are internal and external criticism. The authenticity of the evidence is determined by external criticism, whereas credibility is established by internal criticism Secondary Source – is something written after the event, making use of primary source.  Produced after the event took place  Commentary, interpretations, assessments  Published materials Issue in Historical Writing Pseudo History – an argument about the past that is widely discredited by the profession and sometimes often possess some other form of professional training, seek to attract the conventional wisdom of the professional and to demonstrate its foolishness. Pseudo history as an account of the past that meets three criteria: 1. It purports to be true. 2. It either contradicts or goes far beyond the evidence 3. It has an agenda most especially political Historical Revisionism is the process of developing new interpretations and arguments in order to update, improve or correct views in historical thought. Historical Distortions – It seeks to invent and alter the facts. The goal of historical distortion is to seeks degrade our understanding by misleading its readers into whatever reprehensible purpose Historical denialism – is the rejection of rigorous account or even the practice of denialism goes against the basic principle that knowledge must constantly improve the lives of our people.