Retrieval PDF

Reminders! • Videos on Moodle for Wednesday (posted this afternoon) • Article Reflection 6 by 10 am on Thursday • Method Draft worksheet by Friday at 11:59pm Think About It! • You and a group of friends were out drinking one night when you witness a crime. Some detectives come out to get witness s...

Reminders! • Videos on Moodle for Wednesday (posted this afternoon) • Article Reflection 6 by 10 am on Thursday • Method Draft worksheet by Friday at 11:59pm Think About It! • You and a group of friends were out drinking one night when you witness a crime. Some detectives come out to get witness statements when they notice immediately that you and your friends are still intoxicated. Detective A wants to wait until you sober up to get your testimony, Detective B thinks they should just go ahead and get your statements now. • Who is right? Why? Schreiber Compo et al. (2016) Retrieval Availability vs. Accessibility • Availability: presence of information in long-term memory • Accessibility: degree to which we can gain access to the available information • Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon Encoding Specificity • You are more likely to remember things if the conditions under which you recall them are similar to the conditions under which you learned them • Context-Dependent Memory • State-Dependent Learning • Transfer-Appropriate Processing Context-Dependent Memory • Putting yourself back in the context where you experienced something can prime your memory retrieval “Wait, why did I come in here again??” *Returns to office* “Oh yeah, I wanted a glass of water!” Empirical Evidence • Scuba diving experiment (Godden & Baddeley, 1975) • Effect not replicated with recognition task (Godden & Baddeley, 1980) • Retrieval cues of actual words present on list outweigh benefit of context What are some practical applications? How can you relate it to your life? More Empirical Evidence • Pictures can provide additional context that can enhance memory when presented at encoding and retrieval (Bramao & Johansson, 2017) • But only when one picture is paired with one specific word pair Encoding Retrieval TRAIN-BAKE TRAIN-_____ CROWN-PLAY State-Dependent Learning • Learning that is associated with a particular internal state, such as mood or state of awareness • Memory is better when a person’s mood during retrieval matches Encoding Retrieval their mood during encoding Transfer-Appropriate Processing • Memory will be best when the processes engaged in during encoding match those engaged in during retrieval • Martin & Fausey (2006) • English-Spanish bilinguals read 4 short stories (2 in English, 2 in Spanish) • Quizzed with questions on each story • Half of the questions in English, other half in Spanish à instructed to answer in the language the question was asked in • More accurate (better recall) when the question matched the language they’d learned the facts in Reflection! • Given what you know about the environment’s role in learning and remembering, do you think students are at a disadvantage during finals week when exams are often scheduled on different days, times, or classrooms? Why or why not?