Sensory Memory Capacity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which task took longer to complete?

  • The text does not provide this information
  • Both tasks took the same amount of time
  • Visual Patterns Test (Matrix)
  • Mental Rotation Task (correct)

    • Which system is involved in the task of memorizing the sentence?

  • The text does not provide this information
  • Both systems are involved
  • Visuospatial Sketchpad
  • Phonological Loop (correct)

    • What does the performance suggest when the task and the response draw on the same working memory component?

  • Performance is worse than when the task and response are distributed between working memory components (correct)
  • The text does not provide this information
  • Performance is better than when the task and response are distributed between working memory components
  • Performance is the same regardless of whether the task and response draw on the same working memory component

    • According to the information provided, what is the average number of letters recalled using the whole-report method?

    <p>4.5 letters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the results of the partial-report method, what can be inferred about the capacity of sensory memory?

    <p>Sensory memory can register 3.3 letters on average</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely outcome for individuals with higher working memory capacity (WMC)?

    <p>Increased fluid intelligence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Articulatory Suppression eliminates the word-length effect and reduces the phonological similar effect?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The Mental Rotation Task involves rotating images in the mind?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The Visual Patterns Test (Matrix) involves combining individual squares into sub-patterns?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The whole-report method resulted in a higher average number of letters recalled compared to the partial-report method.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The sequence of numbers presented was 26, 14, 41, 8.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: According to Baddeley's Working Memory Model, the phonological loop is responsible for the Word Length Effect.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Articulatory Suppression eliminates the word-length effect and reduces the ______ similar effect

    <p>phonological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cute striped cat sat on the window ______

    <p>ledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Memorizing the sentence involved the ______ loop

    <p>phonological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the results of the whole-report method, participants were able to recall an average of ______ letters.

    <p>4.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The partial-report method resulted in participants being able to recall an average of ______ letters.

    <p>3.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The capacity of sensory memory is limited as the letters rapidly ______ from memory.

    <p>faded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following tasks with the corresponding working memory components:

    <p>Memorize sentence = Phonological loop Recall sentence and decide whether each word is a noun = Visuospatial sketch pad Point to Yes if word is a noun and No if it is not = Visuospatial sketch pad Say out loud Yes if it is a noun and No if it is not = Phonological loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following effects with their corresponding definitions:

    <p>Word-length effect = Takes longer to rehearse long words and to produce them during recall Phonological similar effect = Reduces the phonological similar effect, suggesting the importance of rehearsal as an active control process Chunking = Individual squares combined into sub-patterns Active control process = Rehearsal as an active control process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following methods with their corresponding average number of letters recalled:

    <p>Partial-report method = Average of ______ letters Whole-report method = Average of ______ letters Mental Rotation Task = Took longer Visual Patterns Test (Matrix) = Participants able to complete patterns of 9 shaded squares before making mistakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following memory tasks with their corresponding average recall results:

    <p>Whole-report Method = 4.5 letters (of 12) Partial-report Method = 3.3 letters (of 4) Operation-Span (O-Span) Task = 26 14 41 8 Digit Span Task = 6+7 = 10 4+ 12 = 16 3 x 6 = 21 14 – 6 = 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following effects with their corresponding memory phenomena:

    <p>Phonological Similarity Effect = Confusion of letters or words that sound similar Word Length Effect = Short words are remembered better than long ones Sensory Memory = Registered most of the letters, but unable to report them all Working Memory Capacity = Individuals with higher WMC tend to exhibit more fluid intelligence, greater attentional control, and better academic performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following memory components with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Phonological Loop = Involved in the task of memorizing the sentence Sensory Memory = Rapidly faded from memory as reporting them Working Memory = An assessment of how much information can be processed and stored at the same time Individuals with higher Working Memory Capacity = Tend to exhibit more fluid intelligence, greater attentional control, and better academic performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the results of the whole-report and partial-report methods suggest about the capacity of sensory memory?

    <p>The results suggest that sensory memory is able to register most of the letters but is unable to report them all because they rapidly fade from memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Operation-Span (O-Span) Task differ from the digit span task? What does this difference suggest?

    <p>The O-Span task differs from the digit span task in that it involves solving math problems while also trying to remember a sequence of numbers. This suggests that the O-Span task requires both working memory capacity and cognitive processing abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some characteristics or abilities that individuals with higher working memory capacity (WMC) tend to exhibit?

    <p>Individuals with higher WMC tend to exhibit more fluid intelligence, greater attentional control, and better academic performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of rehearsal in the word-length effect?

    <p>Rehearsal plays a role in the word-length effect as it takes longer to rehearse long words and produce them during recall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Articulatory Suppression affect the word-length effect and phonological similarity effect?

    <p>Articulatory Suppression eliminates the word-length effect and reduces the phonological similarity effect, suggesting the importance of rehearsal as an active control process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the evidence for the involvement of the Visuospatial Sketchpad?

    <p>In tasks that require greater rotation, participants took longer to solve the problem by mentally rotating the image, indicating the involvement of the Visuospatial Sketchpad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of retrieval availability?

    <p>The presence of information in long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which memory phenomenon is described as the act of putting yourself back in the context where you experienced something?

    <p>Context-Dependent Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between retrieval availability and accessibility?

    <p>Retrieval availability refers to the presence of information in long-term memory, while accessibility refers to the degree of access to that information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that can enhance memory when pictures are paired with specific word pairs during encoding and retrieval?

    <p>Different pictures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    State-dependent learning suggests that memory is better when a person's mood during retrieval matches their mood during encoding. Which of the following is an example of state-dependent learning?

    <p>Remembering information better when chewing gum during retrieval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the study by Martin & Fausey (2006) on English-Spanish bilinguals, which language did participants recall facts more accurately in?

    <p>English</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following memory phenomena is associated with better memory recall when a person's mood during retrieval matches their mood during encoding?

    <p>State-Dependent Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the study by Martin & Fausey (2006) on English-Spanish bilinguals, participants recalled facts more accurately in which language?

    <p>Both languages equally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, do you think students are at a disadvantage during finals week when exams are often scheduled on different days, times, or classrooms?

    <p>Yes, because it disrupts transfer-appropriate processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, what is the definition of retrieval availability?

    <p>The presence of information in long-term memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, what is the difference between retrieval availability and accessibility?

    <p>Retrieval availability is the presence of information in long-term memory, while accessibility is the degree to which we can gain access to the available information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, what does context-dependent memory suggest?

    <p>Putting yourself back in the context where you experienced something can prime your memory retrieval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Colston and Gibbs argue about figurative language?

    <p>It is direct because it demonstrates, not just describes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is figurative language comprehension studied?

    <p>Through sentence clarification tasks and cross-modal lexical decision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of exploring the time course of figurative meaning activation?

    <p>To understand how figurative meaning is processed over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Idiom List Hypothesis, how is figurative meaning accessed?

    <p>Only after the literal meaning has been computed and rejected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Configuration Hypothesis propose about the processing of idioms?

    <p>Processing proceeds computationally like any literal statement, until an idiom key point activates the figurative meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does familiarity play in idiom comprehension, according to Carrol & Littlemore (2020)?

    <p>Processing advantage for more familiar idioms in both early and late reading time measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does idiom decomposability refer to?

    <p>The degree to which individual word meaning uniquely contributes to the figurative meaning of the phrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Carrol & Littlemore (2020) find about the role of context in idiom comprehension?

    <p>A limited role, true for both online reading measures and post-test idiom meaning identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study on L1 and L2 idioms find about the effect of context on figurative and literal meaning activation?

    <p>Shorter total reading times in high context condition for both figurative and literal meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the use of sarcasm?

    <p>Saying the opposite of what is meant, often with a tone of mockery or contempt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Is sarcasm easier or more difficult to understand than literal language?

    <p>More difficult to understand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors might influence comprehension of sarcasm?

    <p>Factors specific to the phrase itself and contextual/environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might the time course of figurative activation look like for idioms used sarcastically?

    <p>The pattern of activation and reading times may resemble that of sarcasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Carrol & Littlemore (2020), what impact does perceived familiarity have on the comprehension of unknown idioms?

    <p>Facilitates processing of unknown idioms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the text?

    <p>The impact of multitasking on cognitive control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the scattered attention hypothesis, what is the potential impact of multitasking on cognitive control?

    <p>It impairs cognitive control due to attentional resource allocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence supports the scattered attention hypothesis?

    <p>Heavy media multitaskers are more distractable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the trained attention hypothesis differ from the scattered attention hypothesis?

    <p>It suggests that heavy multitasking may enhance some control processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Schneider & Shiffrin (1977), Exp 1, reveal about divided attention tasks?

    <p>Participants became better at tasks requiring divided attention with substantial practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it dangerous to be on the phone while driving, according to the text?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Gonidis & Sharma (2017) highlight as a problem related to internet use and social media?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the participants' accuracy after 900 trials in Schneider & Shiffrin's (1977) Exp 1?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Wiradhany & Nieuwenstein (2017) find as a challenge in the research related to divided attention?

    <p>Replication failures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Socrates fear writing things down, according to the text?

    <p>It would have negative effects on memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Henderson et al. (2016) suggest about attention to multiple tasks like social media and school work?

    <p>It can be focused on multiple tasks with no negative consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Schneider & Shiffrin (1977), Exp 2, reveal about automatic processing in divided attention tasks?

    <p>Automatic processing is not possible for difficult tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Sandwich Model of cognition?

    <p>Cognition is sandwiched between perception and action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Morey et al. (2022) reveal about the Action-Sentence Compatibility Effect?

    <p>It failed to replicate, including in crucial liftoff time measure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence supports the involvement of the sensorimotor system in language processing?

    <p>Reading action-related words activates areas in the brain associated with the corresponding actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the study by Miller et al. (2018) reveal about behavioral congruency effects and corresponding neuro data?

    <p>They do not always result in corresponding neuro data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is grounded in sensorimotor experiences according to Lakoff & Johnson (1999)?

    <p>Conceptual metaphors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Miller et al. (2020) find about conceptual metaphor activation during idiom processing?

    <p>No evidence of conceptual metaphor activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Khatin-Zadeh et al. (2021) suggest about Strong Versions of Embodied Cognition (SVEC)?

    <p>They fail to account for or adequately explain abstract concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Marmolejo-Ramos et al. (2018) find about people's allocation of concepts?

    <p>Aligned with conceptual metaphors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Boulenger et al. (2009) find about the motor cortical area in relation to 'Grasp an idea' and 'Grasp a cup'?

    <p>They elicit the same motor cortical area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Dalla Volta et al. (2014) find about the reliance of abstract conceptual information on sensorimotor areas?

    <p>It relies less on sensorimotor areas than concrete concepts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Innocenti et al. (2014) find about the interference due to TMS impulses in relation to abstract conceptual information?

    <p>There is no interference due to TMS impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three challenges to Strong Arguments Perspective-Taking and Conceptual Metaphors?

    <p>Passive vs. Active Agent, Mental Simulation of Nonactual Motion, Enactive perception vs. Visual scanning vs. Imagination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the study by Gonidis & Sharma (2017) highlight as a problem related to internet use and social media?

    <p>Decreased attentional control</p> Signup and view all the answers

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