Sensory Memory Capacity Quiz

Which task took longer to complete?

Mental Rotation Task

Which system is involved in the task of memorizing the sentence?

Phonological Loop

What does the performance suggest when the task and the response draw on the same working memory component?

Performance is worse than when the task and response are distributed between working memory components

According to the information provided, what is the average number of letters recalled using the whole-report method?

4.5 letters Signup and view all the answers

Based on the results of the partial-report method, what can be inferred about the capacity of sensory memory?

Sensory memory can register 3.3 letters on average Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely outcome for individuals with higher working memory capacity (WMC)?

Increased fluid intelligence Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Articulatory Suppression eliminates the word-length effect and reduces the phonological similar effect?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The Mental Rotation Task involves rotating images in the mind?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The Visual Patterns Test (Matrix) involves combining individual squares into sub-patterns?

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The whole-report method resulted in a higher average number of letters recalled compared to the partial-report method.

False Signup and view all the answers

True or false: The sequence of numbers presented was 26, 14, 41, 8.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: According to Baddeley's Working Memory Model, the phonological loop is responsible for the Word Length Effect.

False Signup and view all the answers

Articulatory Suppression eliminates the word-length effect and reduces the ______ similar effect

phonological Signup and view all the answers

The cute striped cat sat on the window ______

ledge Signup and view all the answers

Memorizing the sentence involved the ______ loop

phonological Signup and view all the answers

According to the results of the whole-report method, participants were able to recall an average of ______ letters.

4.5 Signup and view all the answers

The partial-report method resulted in participants being able to recall an average of ______ letters.

3.3 Signup and view all the answers

The capacity of sensory memory is limited as the letters rapidly ______ from memory.

faded Signup and view all the answers

Match the following tasks with the corresponding working memory components:

Memorize sentence = Phonological loop Recall sentence and decide whether each word is a noun = Visuospatial sketch pad Point to Yes if word is a noun and No if it is not = Visuospatial sketch pad Say out loud Yes if it is a noun and No if it is not = Phonological loop Signup and view all the answers

Match the following effects with their corresponding definitions:

Word-length effect = Takes longer to rehearse long words and to produce them during recall Phonological similar effect = Reduces the phonological similar effect, suggesting the importance of rehearsal as an active control process Chunking = Individual squares combined into sub-patterns Active control process = Rehearsal as an active control process Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methods with their corresponding average number of letters recalled:

Partial-report method = Average of ______ letters Whole-report method = Average of ______ letters Mental Rotation Task = Took longer Visual Patterns Test (Matrix) = Participants able to complete patterns of 9 shaded squares before making mistakes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following memory tasks with their corresponding average recall results:

Whole-report Method = 4.5 letters (of 12) Partial-report Method = 3.3 letters (of 4) Operation-Span (O-Span) Task = 26 14 41 8 Digit Span Task = 6+7 = 10 4+ 12 = 16 3 x 6 = 21 14 – 6 = 8 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following effects with their corresponding memory phenomena:

Phonological Similarity Effect = Confusion of letters or words that sound similar Word Length Effect = Short words are remembered better than long ones Sensory Memory = Registered most of the letters, but unable to report them all Working Memory Capacity = Individuals with higher WMC tend to exhibit more fluid intelligence, greater attentional control, and better academic performance Signup and view all the answers

Match the following memory components with their corresponding descriptions:

Phonological Loop = Involved in the task of memorizing the sentence Sensory Memory = Rapidly faded from memory as reporting them Working Memory = An assessment of how much information can be processed and stored at the same time Individuals with higher Working Memory Capacity = Tend to exhibit more fluid intelligence, greater attentional control, and better academic performance Signup and view all the answers

What do the results of the whole-report and partial-report methods suggest about the capacity of sensory memory?

The results suggest that sensory memory is able to register most of the letters but is unable to report them all because they rapidly fade from memory. Signup and view all the answers

How does the Operation-Span (O-Span) Task differ from the digit span task? What does this difference suggest?

The O-Span task differs from the digit span task in that it involves solving math problems while also trying to remember a sequence of numbers. This suggests that the O-Span task requires both working memory capacity and cognitive processing abilities. Signup and view all the answers

What are some characteristics or abilities that individuals with higher working memory capacity (WMC) tend to exhibit?

Individuals with higher WMC tend to exhibit more fluid intelligence, greater attentional control, and better academic performance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of rehearsal in the word-length effect?

Rehearsal plays a role in the word-length effect as it takes longer to rehearse long words and produce them during recall. Signup and view all the answers

How does Articulatory Suppression affect the word-length effect and phonological similarity effect?

Articulatory Suppression eliminates the word-length effect and reduces the phonological similarity effect, suggesting the importance of rehearsal as an active control process. Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence for the involvement of the Visuospatial Sketchpad?

In tasks that require greater rotation, participants took longer to solve the problem by mentally rotating the image, indicating the involvement of the Visuospatial Sketchpad. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of retrieval availability?

The presence of information in long-term memory Signup and view all the answers

Which memory phenomenon is described as the act of putting yourself back in the context where you experienced something?

Context-Dependent Memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between retrieval availability and accessibility?

Retrieval availability refers to the presence of information in long-term memory, while accessibility refers to the degree of access to that information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can enhance memory when pictures are paired with specific word pairs during encoding and retrieval?

Different pictures Signup and view all the answers

State-dependent learning suggests that memory is better when a person's mood during retrieval matches their mood during encoding. Which of the following is an example of state-dependent learning?

Remembering information better when chewing gum during retrieval Signup and view all the answers

According to the study by Martin & Fausey (2006) on English-Spanish bilinguals, which language did participants recall facts more accurately in?

English Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following memory phenomena is associated with better memory recall when a person's mood during retrieval matches their mood during encoding?

State-Dependent Learning Signup and view all the answers

According to the study by Martin & Fausey (2006) on English-Spanish bilinguals, participants recalled facts more accurately in which language?

Both languages equally Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, do you think students are at a disadvantage during finals week when exams are often scheduled on different days, times, or classrooms?

Yes, because it disrupts transfer-appropriate processing Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what is the definition of retrieval availability?

The presence of information in long-term memory Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what is the difference between retrieval availability and accessibility?

Retrieval availability is the presence of information in long-term memory, while accessibility is the degree to which we can gain access to the available information Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what does context-dependent memory suggest?

Putting yourself back in the context where you experienced something can prime your memory retrieval Signup and view all the answers

What does Colston and Gibbs argue about figurative language?

It is direct because it demonstrates, not just describes Signup and view all the answers

How is figurative language comprehension studied?

Through sentence clarification tasks and cross-modal lexical decision Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of exploring the time course of figurative meaning activation?

To understand how figurative meaning is processed over time Signup and view all the answers

According to the Idiom List Hypothesis, how is figurative meaning accessed?

Only after the literal meaning has been computed and rejected Signup and view all the answers

What does the Configuration Hypothesis propose about the processing of idioms?

Processing proceeds computationally like any literal statement, until an idiom key point activates the figurative meaning Signup and view all the answers

What role does familiarity play in idiom comprehension, according to Carrol & Littlemore (2020)?

Processing advantage for more familiar idioms in both early and late reading time measures Signup and view all the answers

What does idiom decomposability refer to?

The degree to which individual word meaning uniquely contributes to the figurative meaning of the phrase Signup and view all the answers

What did the study by Carrol & Littlemore (2020) find about the role of context in idiom comprehension?

A limited role, true for both online reading measures and post-test idiom meaning identification Signup and view all the answers

What did the study on L1 and L2 idioms find about the effect of context on figurative and literal meaning activation?

Shorter total reading times in high context condition for both figurative and literal meaning Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the use of sarcasm?

Saying the opposite of what is meant, often with a tone of mockery or contempt Signup and view all the answers

Is sarcasm easier or more difficult to understand than literal language?

More difficult to understand Signup and view all the answers

What factors might influence comprehension of sarcasm?

Factors specific to the phrase itself and contextual/environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What might the time course of figurative activation look like for idioms used sarcastically?

The pattern of activation and reading times may resemble that of sarcasm Signup and view all the answers

According to Carrol & Littlemore (2020), what impact does perceived familiarity have on the comprehension of unknown idioms?

Facilitates processing of unknown idioms Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the text?

The impact of multitasking on cognitive control Signup and view all the answers

According to the scattered attention hypothesis, what is the potential impact of multitasking on cognitive control?

It impairs cognitive control due to attentional resource allocation Signup and view all the answers

What evidence supports the scattered attention hypothesis?

Heavy media multitaskers are more distractable Signup and view all the answers

How does the trained attention hypothesis differ from the scattered attention hypothesis?

It suggests that heavy multitasking may enhance some control processes Signup and view all the answers

What did the study by Schneider & Shiffrin (1977), Exp 1, reveal about divided attention tasks?

Participants became better at tasks requiring divided attention with substantial practice Signup and view all the answers

Why is it dangerous to be on the phone while driving, according to the text?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

What did the study by Gonidis & Sharma (2017) highlight as a problem related to internet use and social media?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

What was the participants' accuracy after 900 trials in Schneider & Shiffrin's (1977) Exp 1?

90% Signup and view all the answers

What did the study by Wiradhany & Nieuwenstein (2017) find as a challenge in the research related to divided attention?

Replication failures Signup and view all the answers

Why did Socrates fear writing things down, according to the text?

It would have negative effects on memory Signup and view all the answers

What did the study by Henderson et al. (2016) suggest about attention to multiple tasks like social media and school work?

It can be focused on multiple tasks with no negative consequences Signup and view all the answers

What did the study by Schneider & Shiffrin (1977), Exp 2, reveal about automatic processing in divided attention tasks?

Automatic processing is not possible for difficult tasks Signup and view all the answers

What is the Sandwich Model of cognition?

Cognition is sandwiched between perception and action Signup and view all the answers

What did the study by Morey et al. (2022) reveal about the Action-Sentence Compatibility Effect?

It failed to replicate, including in crucial liftoff time measure Signup and view all the answers

What evidence supports the involvement of the sensorimotor system in language processing?

Reading action-related words activates areas in the brain associated with the corresponding actions Signup and view all the answers

What did the study by Miller et al. (2018) reveal about behavioral congruency effects and corresponding neuro data?

They do not always result in corresponding neuro data Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is grounded in sensorimotor experiences according to Lakoff & Johnson (1999)?

Conceptual metaphors Signup and view all the answers

What did Miller et al. (2020) find about conceptual metaphor activation during idiom processing?

No evidence of conceptual metaphor activation Signup and view all the answers

What did Khatin-Zadeh et al. (2021) suggest about Strong Versions of Embodied Cognition (SVEC)?

They fail to account for or adequately explain abstract concepts Signup and view all the answers

What did Marmolejo-Ramos et al. (2018) find about people's allocation of concepts?

Aligned with conceptual metaphors Signup and view all the answers

What did Boulenger et al. (2009) find about the motor cortical area in relation to 'Grasp an idea' and 'Grasp a cup'?

They elicit the same motor cortical area Signup and view all the answers

What did Dalla Volta et al. (2014) find about the reliance of abstract conceptual information on sensorimotor areas?

It relies less on sensorimotor areas than concrete concepts Signup and view all the answers

What did Innocenti et al. (2014) find about the interference due to TMS impulses in relation to abstract conceptual information?

There is no interference due to TMS impulses Signup and view all the answers

What are the three challenges to Strong Arguments Perspective-Taking and Conceptual Metaphors?

Passive vs. Active Agent, Mental Simulation of Nonactual Motion, Enactive perception vs. Visual scanning vs. Imagination Signup and view all the answers

What does the study by Gonidis & Sharma (2017) highlight as a problem related to internet use and social media?

Decreased attentional control Signup and view all the answers

Sensory Memory Capacity Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which task took longer to complete?

Which system is involved in the task of memorizing the sentence?

What does the performance suggest when the task and the response draw on the same working memory component?

According to the information provided, what is the average number of letters recalled using the whole-report method?

Based on the results of the partial-report method, what can be inferred about the capacity of sensory memory?

What is a likely outcome for individuals with higher working memory capacity (WMC)?

True or false: Articulatory Suppression eliminates the word-length effect and reduces the phonological similar effect?

True or false: The Mental Rotation Task involves rotating images in the mind?

True or false: The Visual Patterns Test (Matrix) involves combining individual squares into sub-patterns?

True or false: The whole-report method resulted in a higher average number of letters recalled compared to the partial-report method.

True or false: The sequence of numbers presented was 26, 14, 41, 8.

True or false: According to Baddeley's Working Memory Model, the phonological loop is responsible for the Word Length Effect.

Articulatory Suppression eliminates the word-length effect and reduces the ______ similar effect

The cute striped cat sat on the window ______

Memorizing the sentence involved the ______ loop

According to the results of the whole-report method, participants were able to recall an average of ______ letters.

The partial-report method resulted in participants being able to recall an average of ______ letters.

The capacity of sensory memory is limited as the letters rapidly ______ from memory.

Match the following tasks with the corresponding working memory components:

Match the following effects with their corresponding definitions:

Match the following methods with their corresponding average number of letters recalled:

Match the following memory tasks with their corresponding average recall results:

Match the following effects with their corresponding memory phenomena:

Match the following memory components with their corresponding descriptions:

What do the results of the whole-report and partial-report methods suggest about the capacity of sensory memory?

How does the Operation-Span (O-Span) Task differ from the digit span task? What does this difference suggest?

What are some characteristics or abilities that individuals with higher working memory capacity (WMC) tend to exhibit?

What is the role of rehearsal in the word-length effect?

How does Articulatory Suppression affect the word-length effect and phonological similarity effect?

What is the evidence for the involvement of the Visuospatial Sketchpad?

What is the definition of retrieval availability?

Which memory phenomenon is described as the act of putting yourself back in the context where you experienced something?

What is the main difference between retrieval availability and accessibility?

Which of the following is NOT a factor that can enhance memory when pictures are paired with specific word pairs during encoding and retrieval?

State-dependent learning suggests that memory is better when a person's mood during retrieval matches their mood during encoding. Which of the following is an example of state-dependent learning?

According to the study by Martin & Fausey (2006) on English-Spanish bilinguals, which language did participants recall facts more accurately in?

Which of the following memory phenomena is associated with better memory recall when a person's mood during retrieval matches their mood during encoding?

According to the study by Martin & Fausey (2006) on English-Spanish bilinguals, participants recalled facts more accurately in which language?

Based on the information provided, do you think students are at a disadvantage during finals week when exams are often scheduled on different days, times, or classrooms?

According to the information provided, what is the definition of retrieval availability?

Based on the information provided, what is the difference between retrieval availability and accessibility?

According to the information provided, what does context-dependent memory suggest?

What does Colston and Gibbs argue about figurative language?

How is figurative language comprehension studied?

What is the purpose of exploring the time course of figurative meaning activation?

According to the Idiom List Hypothesis, how is figurative meaning accessed?

What does the Configuration Hypothesis propose about the processing of idioms?

What role does familiarity play in idiom comprehension, according to Carrol & Littlemore (2020)?

What does idiom decomposability refer to?

What did the study by Carrol & Littlemore (2020) find about the role of context in idiom comprehension?

What did the study on L1 and L2 idioms find about the effect of context on figurative and literal meaning activation?

What characterizes the use of sarcasm?

Is sarcasm easier or more difficult to understand than literal language?

What factors might influence comprehension of sarcasm?

What might the time course of figurative activation look like for idioms used sarcastically?

According to Carrol & Littlemore (2020), what impact does perceived familiarity have on the comprehension of unknown idioms?

What is the main focus of the text?

According to the scattered attention hypothesis, what is the potential impact of multitasking on cognitive control?

What evidence supports the scattered attention hypothesis?

How does the trained attention hypothesis differ from the scattered attention hypothesis?

What did the study by Schneider & Shiffrin (1977), Exp 1, reveal about divided attention tasks?

Why is it dangerous to be on the phone while driving, according to the text?

What did the study by Gonidis & Sharma (2017) highlight as a problem related to internet use and social media?

What was the participants' accuracy after 900 trials in Schneider & Shiffrin's (1977) Exp 1?

What did the study by Wiradhany & Nieuwenstein (2017) find as a challenge in the research related to divided attention?

Why did Socrates fear writing things down, according to the text?

What did the study by Henderson et al. (2016) suggest about attention to multiple tasks like social media and school work?

What did the study by Schneider & Shiffrin (1977), Exp 2, reveal about automatic processing in divided attention tasks?

What is the Sandwich Model of cognition?

What did the study by Morey et al. (2022) reveal about the Action-Sentence Compatibility Effect?

What evidence supports the involvement of the sensorimotor system in language processing?

What did the study by Miller et al. (2018) reveal about behavioral congruency effects and corresponding neuro data?

Which concept is grounded in sensorimotor experiences according to Lakoff & Johnson (1999)?

What did Miller et al. (2020) find about conceptual metaphor activation during idiom processing?

What did Khatin-Zadeh et al. (2021) suggest about Strong Versions of Embodied Cognition (SVEC)?

What did Marmolejo-Ramos et al. (2018) find about people's allocation of concepts?

What did Boulenger et al. (2009) find about the motor cortical area in relation to 'Grasp an idea' and 'Grasp a cup'?

What did Dalla Volta et al. (2014) find about the reliance of abstract conceptual information on sensorimotor areas?