Research Paper Parts PDF

RESEARCH- Parts of a Research Paper I. PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND...

RESEARCH- Parts of a Research Paper I. PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Statement of the Problem 1.3 Objectives of the Study 1.4 Significance of the Study 1.5 Scope and Limitations These are the five chapters of a research 1.6 Definition of Terms paper. The first chapter has 6 sub-parts. I. PROBLEM AND ITS 1.1 Background of the BACKGROUND Study Gives an overview Establishes the background of the of the study to topic or problem inform the reader of Emphasizes the the rationale and the importance/objectives of the study essence of the Indicates the existing gaps in work. knowledge Includes the Has research questions purpose and reason Has research impediment behind the conduct of the study. - In chapter one, you have to be able Researchers’ to establish clearly what the reason/s [What research is about. It is important made them conduct what you want to achieve in the the study?] study. “Why were you interested in undertaking this study?” “What is the importance of completing a study on this research topic?” 1 RESEARCH- Parts of a Research Paper “And what is the Gap in knowledge you are State the research problem clearly, trying to fail?” precisely, and articulated. Clearly state the variables, 1.2 Statement of the Problem (SOP) or population, and research setting Research Questions under study. Express the different variables in The main problem that the research is trying measurable terms. to solve. Indicate the type of study. It may take a number of forms: from the very simple to the very complex. Types of Research Questions It determines every step that follows: from the study design; the sampling strategy, the Factor Factor Situation Situation isolating Relating Relating Producin research instrument; and the type of g analysis that can be undertaken. Categorize Establish Aims to Led to or name relations see promote ( After selecting your research topic, factors and hips changes explicit situation between that might course of because your SOPS would determine many factors happen to action or other parts of the research paper, it will that one conditions have variable under determine what your study design or been when the which a research approach will be depending on identified other goal could variable be your research question. You will be able to changes accomplis identify if you would be using qualitative or hed quantitative for this study. And that will also What are What What is What tell you what sampling strategy to use, the possible relations the effect appropriat reasons for hip of the e research instruments and the data analysis the low exists changes classroom that you will be using because they should grades in between in climate managem Mathematic gender to the ent be aligned with each other.) s? and behavior technique anxiety of animals could be level? living in devised to CHARACTERISTICS OF SOPS the grass maintain fields? classroom cleanlines SOP or RQs should… s? 2 RESEARCH- Parts of a Research Paper relationship, such as gender is not (Additional Information: Research problem necessarily causing an anxiety that and Research Question are used is not a cause and effect but there interchangeably and they are both different might be a relationship there from each other. A research problem is an depending on your statistical issue challenge or a knowledge gap that is analysis. In the situation relating, being addressed through your research. you are already aware that variable While a research question is a statement A or factor A causes changes in that takes the form of a question and aims variable B but as to what these to study learning and examine and explore changes are, there are still gaps in the research topic in greater detail.) knowledge there. For example, what was given to us When your research question type is here is “what is the effect of the Factor Isolating, you are expecting changes in climate to the behavior of answers that would categorize or animals living in grass fields?”, if the name factors or situations. environment is cold, do they eat For Factor Relating questions, you more? Or in a hot environment do are trying to establish relationships they eat less? Do they sleep more between factors between variables. during cold weather?, or do they So one thing that quickly comes to sleep more during warm climates?. mind is the correlation subtype of “ How does inflation affect the quantitative research, where you are profitability of small coffee shops”, relating two variables. it does not Assuming that they’re opting for the necessarily imply causality, you’re small coffee shops because of the just trying to determine whether price since their budget is limited there is a relationship between the and because of inflation this coffee two factors or variables. shop also raises their prices In Situation Relating there’s significantly, that would affect their causality, it aims to see changes that sales. might happen to one variable when So in Situation Producing our the other variable changes. In keyword here is a course of action. Factor Relating, not necessarily You are expected to gather data that cause and effect but they have a 3 RESEARCH- Parts of a Research Paper are actions, they are actions, they research? The answer is no, these are interventions. So that a certain types of research questions that will goal could be reached. be used for your study will depend on the gap in knowledge that you’re The example provided “What trying to meet or satisfy in your appropriate classroom management research. It will also depend on the technique could be devised to nature of your research approach. maintain classroom cleanliness?” So So it will really depend on what you in devising ways to maintain want to establish or find out in your classroom cleanliness, what could research. be ways? 1.3 Objectives of the study Another example, “What are the interventions for small and medium Outlines the overall purpose of the Enterprise owners in the valenzuela study should be closely related to public market to increase the research problem S M A R T profitability?” So what is the goal in (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, increased profitability?What are the Realistic, and Time-bounded) actions that we’re looking for Goals that the researcher sets to interventions that may increase their obtain from his study or wanted to profit?One action that could increase achieve through this study. their profitability would be to increase their online presence by Expected solution to problems posting on social media platforms SHOULD be clear and specific such as facebook. Another action for them is to implement the use of (One of the important things to understand mobile wallets like making use of about the research objectives is that they GCASH which might increase their should be closely related to the research profitability since a lot of people use problem. If you look at the description of GCASH nowadays and don't bring what objectives are they similar to what a cash money. research question is. They should be clearly specific, smart and they also present the When it comes to these four types of overall purpose of the study.) research questions, is it necessary to include all four types in our 4 RESEARCH- Parts of a Research Paper Categorization of Research Objectives: General Objective (main objective) Overall statement of the goal of the study Specific Objective If the General Objective is to (sub-objectives) Specific aspects of the topic that the assess the effect of internet usage researcher wants to investigate within the on the behavior pattern of SHS main framework of his study. students, What could be the main Use action-oriented verbs while writing research question of this study?. objectives (e.g. to determine; to find out; The answer is, “What is the effect of to ascertain; to measure; to explore; to Internet usage on the behavior calculate; to analyze, etc.) patterns of SHS students?”. What is the effect of frequent or high usage (When you have research objectives, you in internet usage of SHS students, have a general objective and you have do they perform better in school or specific sub objectives, So similar to your research questions, you have a main do they get distracted?. This is what problem and sub questions. Your research the study wants to investigate. problem needs to be aligned with a general “Specific Objectives: To determine objective, Your first sub question needs to be aligned with a general objective. Now the level of internet usage of SHS how do you convert a question or how do students.” The action oriented verb you relate an objective to our research used here is “To determine”. What question? , of course an objective is not a question. It is in statement form but you could be the research question have to use action-oriented verbs) here?. “What is the level of internet usage of SHS students?” The first ( “ (e.g. to determine; to find out; to sub question is to determine the ascertain; to measure; to explore; to calculate; to analyze, etc.)” , this level of internet usage. What is the distinguishes an objective from a research level of internet usage of SHS question. It’s in statement form and it uses students “Below average, average, Action-oriented verbs like the following. But you’re not limited to using only these high.”. action-oriented verbs in your objectives but “Specific Objectives: To these are the most commonly used.) determine the extent of the 5 RESEARCH- Parts of a Research Paper relationship between internet significance of the study, you should state usage and behavior patterns of the realistic. Number one is to identify who SHS students.” The research the actual beneficiaries are for the research. question here is “What is the For research it’s already given that one of relationship between internet usage your beneficiaries are future researchers and behavior patterns of SHS because you cannot cover everything in a students.?” or “Is there a significant study. So there would be facets, there would relationship between internet usage be areas left for future researchers. Or for and behavior patterns of SHS those researchers who will benefit from your students?”. study because they will be able to use the “Specific Objectives: To associate information that you presented in the study. the findings with selected If you will be coming up with a new model or socio-demographic variables” new theory in your research, then your Research question here would be contributing to new knowledge, the “how would the following academies one of your beneficiaries, or it socio-demographic variables affect could be a specific as, For example, if you internet usage or the behavior of did a study involving small medium students?” The socio-demographic enterprise owners, then you can cite what variables would be age, gender, their specific benefits are from your study. allowance. 1.5 Scope and Limitation 1.4 Significance of the Study Determines the coverage of the It answers [Why researchers study. conduct the study?] It also identifies ALL the things Identifies who will benefit from the (variables, subjects, other factors) research and how they will be that it will NOT cover in order to be benefited. clear and specific. This will state the contribution of Limitations vs Delimitations your study and the usefulness of Limitations - conditions beyond the control your study in the society. of the researcher (Some student researchers think that as Delimitations - conditions that the long as you write these with flawless researcher purposely controlled grammar and use flowery words, you’re good with it. When you write your 6 RESEARCH- Parts of a Research Paper (So for scope and limitation you will present or identifying the study here the extent of your study, the coverage. population in a measurable What will you cover? What will you not form. cover? You know, of the variables, Will you cover all or just some in the past?. So under (Operational definitions refer to a detailed scope and limitation, you have to specify explanation of the technical terms and also the limitation and conditions beyond measurements used during data collection. your control. For example, during the pandemic one of things beyond your control For definition of terms, you only need to in upperclassmen is the data collection define technical terms which may be method, because we were in a lockdown, frequently used in your research paper, but they were minors. They were restricted to may not be familiar to your reader especially use only data collection method, meaning if for common people.) they were to conduct the survey it would be an online survey they cannot do field work. If they will interview, they will interview you II. REVIEW OF RELATED through platforms like zoom or google meet. LITERATURE Will serve as the foundation of your For Delimitations, you purposely control research the variables. For example, you controlled Data written here are taken from three of the variables such as ur setting will journals and other reference only be luzon not the entire philippines. Our materials. BUT you should NOT respondents will be focused only on CPA’s directly lift words from other sources only not all accountancy graduates. You are Requires skills in summarizing, the ones who identify the limitations. paraphrasing and writing indirect speeches 1.6 Definition of Terms Referred as working Purpose: definitions or operational definitions. The Review of Related Literature Definition of concepts that (RRL) helps establish the are used in the study either background and context of your in the research problem and/ study. It shows what is already 7 RESEARCH- Parts of a Research Paper known about your research topic and identifies gaps that your research aims to fill. II. REVIEW OF RELATED Sources: LITERATURE Data for the RRL are taken from journals, books, articles, and other 2.1 Main Topic (RRL) 2.2 Topic 1 reference materials. These sources 2.3 Topic 2 (may add another bullet for more provide credible and reliable topics/ subtopics) information that supports your study. 2.4 Synthesis 2.5 Theoretical Framework Originality: 2.6 Hypotheses 2.7 Conceptual Framework It is crucial to NOT directly copy (or "lift") words from other sources. Second chapter has 7 sub-parts. Instead, you must present the information in your own words. III. RESEARCH Skills Needed: METHODOLOGY Summarizing: Condense the main Describes the techniques and ideas from the sources into a brief procedures used to identify and overview without losing the core analyze information regarding a message. specific research topic. It is a Paraphrasing: Rewrite the process by which researchers information in your own words while design their study so that they can keeping the original meaning intact. achieve their objectives using the Indirect Speech: Report what the selected research instruments. original authors have said without quoting them directly, ensuring that you attribute ideas correctly. III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 8 RESEARCH- Parts of a Research Paper 3.1 Research Design - The procedures you’ll follow to 3.2 Population and Sampling collect data 3.3 Respondents - Your data analysis methods (e.g., 3.4 Research Locale statistical analysis, thematic 3.5 Instrumentation analysis) 3.6 Data Gathering 3.7 Treatment of Data (for quantitative) 3.2 Population and Sampling 3.8 Data Analysis (for qualitative) 3.9 Ethical considerations The research population, also In the third chapter, there are 9 sub-parts known as the target population, refers to the entire group or set of 3.1 Research Design individuals, objects, or events that It is a strategy for answering your possess specific characteristics and research question using empirical are of interest to the researcher. data. (data you collect through Example: All high school students in observation or experiments.) Japan. Creating a research design means making A sample is a subset of the decisions about: research population that is carefully - Your overall research objectives and selected to represent its approach (e.g, qualitative, characteristics. quantitative, or mixed-methods). Example: 500 high school students - Whether you’ll rely on ( gather new randomly selected from various data yourself) primary research or schools across Japan. secondary research ( existing data collected by others ). 3.3 Respondents - Your sampling methods or criteria for A common method in research is to selecting subjects (e.g., random collect responses from individuals sampling, purposive sampling). who play an important role in the research. These individuals are - Your data collection methods (e.g., known as “respondents”. surveys, interviews, experiments). 9 RESEARCH- Parts of a Research Paper test hypotheses, and evaluate In the context of research, a outcomes. respondent refers to the individual who participates in a research by completing surveys, questionnaires, 3.7 Treatment of Data (Quantitative) interviews, or other data collection It is the process of collecting and tools. analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and averages, 3.4 Research Locale make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results Refers to the specific geographical to wider populations. area or location where research is conducted. It involves studying and analyzing the social, economic, or 3.8 Data Analysis (Qualitative) environmental conditions of a It is the process of organizing, particular place or region. analyzing, and interpreting qualitative research data 3.5 Instrumentation (non-numeric), conceptual It refers to the process of information, and user feedback to constructing research instruments capture themes and patterns, that could be used appropriately in answer research questions, and gathering data on the study. The identify actions to improve your questionnaire, interview and research. observation are the most commonly used tools in gathering data. 3.9 Ethical Considerations These are a set of principles that guide your research designs and 3.6 Data Gathering practices. These principles include Is the process of collecting and voluntary participation, informed measuring information on variables consent, anonymity, confidentiality, of interest, in an established potential for harm, and results systematic fashion that enables one communication. to answer stated research questions, 10 RESEARCH- Parts of a Research Paper Researchers must always adhere to V. SUMMARY, a certain code of conduct when collecting data from others. CONCLUSIONS and These considerations protect the RECOMMENDATIONS rights of research participants, Summary of Findings - summarizes enhance research validity, and the interpretation of major maintain scientific integrity. data/findings discussed in Chapter 4. Conclusion - provides the answers for every statement of the problem; IV. RESULTS, ANALYSIS this is where you will prove your hypotheses and assumptions. AND INTERPRETATION OF Recommendation - Includes the DATA recommended actions that should be done after conducting the study States main findings or results, the e.g. further assessment of the argument, or what was subiect. focus on other factors, etc.) accomplished (presented in tables/charts/graphs, etc.) Establishes interconnection between and among data. Analyzes interprets or extends results, draws inferences, points to applications or wider implications. Checks for indicators of whether hypotheses are supported or not by findings. Title Page States statistical descriptions in declarative sentences. Title of the research paper Complete name of the author(s) Date of completion Table of Contents 11 RESEARCH- Parts of a Research Paper Contains the accurate paging of each part of the research paper. List of Tables and Figures Contains the accurate Paging of the tables/figures used in the study. Acknowledgement A personal page where the researchers are given the privilege to extend gratitude to all people who helped in accomplishing the research. Appendices Attachments e.g. survey questionnaires, Interview questions, compositions of culture media used, pictures of experimental set-ups, complete data for statistical analyses, etc. 12