Research Methodology PDF

-Components of research proposal - Components of research paper -Identify each part of research paper Steps of writing research proposal Accurate, concise, clear, specific & short. Avoid beginning with redundant words such as Title (A study of ….)...

-Components of research proposal - Components of research paper -Identify each part of research paper Steps of writing research proposal Accurate, concise, clear, specific & short. Avoid beginning with redundant words such as Title (A study of ….) Clarify the significance of research What is known about the topic Introduction State the research problem State of the research question State the previous research ( past verb tense ) Mention the aims of your research using action verbs that could be evaluated e.g. to describe, to identify, to measure, to compare, etc. Objectives SMART Objectives : S ------- Specific M -------- Measurable A --------Achievable R ---------- Relevant T ---------- Time-bound Steps of writing research proposal Describe the research design. Identify the variables and its types Methodology State the method of data collection and analysis technique Mention the tasks to be performed When the tasks will be performed Work plan Who will perform the tasks Provide a list of all the references used, according to the used citation style References Include any additional materials, such as questionnaires, Appendices interview schedule, consent form  Component of research paper 1- Title or cover page 6- Discussion 2- Abstract 7- Conclusions 3- Introduction 8- Recommendations Conclusions & recommendations 4- Materials & Methods 9- References 5- Results 10-Appendices  Component of research paper 1- Title or cover page Include :- -Research title -Names of the authors, their titles and positions - Date of submission and possibly, the name of the journal or conference where the paper is to be published.  Component of research paper 2- Abstract -It is the summary of the research paper, typically ranging from 100 to 250 words. - Introduction : WHAT(description of the problem) - Objective: WHY - Methods: WHERE: the place of study& HOW: the type of study - Results - Conclusions - Recommendations - NO references, tables or figures, no abbreviations.  Component of research paper 3- Introduction: Should include: -Background information about the research problem. - Add 2 o3 paragraphs about the previous work. - Significance of the research and explanation of the reasons for your Importance & research. Explain the gap Objectives - State the objectives  Component of research paper 4- Materials and Methods It is the bulk of the paper It is descriptive using the past verb tense. It is divide into parts: 1- Study design 2-Subjects or materials: What was examined (humans, animals, tissues….) Methods of sampling Sample size estimation Inclusion and exclusion criteria 3- Methods - How the subjects or materials were manipulated Detailed description of what done and by whom (instruments, measures). 4- Define variables and data 5- Ethical considerations 6- Statistical methods  Component of research paper 5-Results: -It is the core of the paper -Summarize the findings of the research, using tables, graphs, and figures. -The finding should be presented in ordered, clear and concise manner. - Don’t include discussion of the findings, methods of data analysis or references.  Component of research paper 6- Discussion: - It should be written with present verb tense - Answer to the question(s) placed in the introduction - Interprets the findings. Any support or defense of the finding should be mentioned with reference. - Clinical importance of findings. - Explanation of unexpected findings. - Mention the limitations of the study and suggest future research directions.  Component of research paper 7- Conclusions: Should include: A brief statement of the main findings and final reflection on the significance of the research.  Component of research paper 8- Recommendations Recommendations may involve: ✓ Methods, procedures or approaches for solving particular problems, ✓ Further work or actions or research to be completed  Component of research paper 9- References: -It provides a list of all the references cited in the paper. -It follow a specific citation style that varies with the used journal.  Component of research paper 9- References: References are written in two sites in the research paper: -In the text body of the paper: include the name(s) of the author(s) and year of publication or numerical sequence 1,2. -In the bibliography list (references list): Citation should include: the name(s) of the author(s), year of publication, title of article and tile of journal.  Component of research paper 10-Appendices These may include:- - Data collection tools, tables - Interview schedule/ questionnaires - Informed consent form. - Institutional/Ethical approval for the study