Roman Cities PDF

# Ciudades Romanas ## Ampurias - Emporion - A pre Roman settlement of the indiketes. - 6th century B.C. Greek merchants founded the 'Palaiopolis' in a Greek alde. - Around the middle of the 6th century B.C. they settled in Aterra, founding the 'Neapolis', in the settlement of the indiketes....

# Ciudades Romanas ## Ampurias - Emporion - A pre Roman settlement of the indiketes. - 6th century B.C. Greek merchants founded the 'Palaiopolis' in a Greek alde. - Around the middle of the 6th century B.C. they settled in Aterra, founding the 'Neapolis', in the settlement of the indiketes. - A very good location for trade. ## Emporion - 218 B.C. (2nd Punic War) Roman disembarkment with Cn. Cornelius Scipio, founding a praesidium (military outpost). - 195 B.C. M. Porcio Caton finished the aboriginal resistance. - By the beginning of the 1st century B.C. it was inhabited by Italic people and was independent of the Greek city. - By the middle of the 6th century B.C. it combined with the Greek centers. - It was granted the status of municipality at some point between Caesar and Augustus ## Barcino - Located on the plain, the Roman city was occupied by the Layetani tribe, descendants of the Iberians. - Founded by Augustus at the end of the 1st century B.C. after the Cantabrian and Iberian wars. - Strategically positioned to control the rich valley of the Llobregat and access to the interior. ## Barcino (cont.) - It extended over 10 hectares. - A new city plan, rectangular and well defined, adapted to the morphology of the terrain. - Grid of streets perfectly regular and parallel to the Cardo Maximus and Decumanus maximus. - Forum (at the intersection of the Cardo and the Decumanus) - Temple dedicated to Augustus (part of the forum) - 3 columns survive - The city was enclosed all around, with four gates located on the four axes. - 2 aqueducts, remains of one are preserved at the 'Plaça de Sant Miquel'. - Two thermae (not visible) - The waters arrived at the city through an aqueduct, and then to a ‘castellum aquae’ (a reservoir). ## Tarraco - Pre Roman Period: - Tribe known as 'Ilergetes' - Settled in Tarraco - Roman Period: - 218 BC. a military post founded by Cn. Cornelius Scipio and Publio Cornelio Escipión. - 45 BC. Caius Julius Ceasar granted the status of a colony. - Augustus granted the city the name of ‘Colonia Iulia Augusta Tarraco.’ - Augustus extended the province of Hispania Citerior Tarraconensis (about 70 hectares) - The city had three main streets: - Tena Superior - Tena Media - Tena Inferior - The lower part of the city - Stairway up to the provincial forum - Public Buildings: - Local Forum - Temples - Public buildings and municipal roads - Road system going out of the city - Around the city (outside the city walls) - Theatre and amphitheater ## Tarraco (cont.) - Around the city (outside the city walls) - Around the city (outside the city walls) - Sites and monuments - Tomb and funeral urns. - Sice de Berà - Cautera del Midal - aqueduct or ‘Pont del Diable’ or ‘Les Feveres’ - Paleochristian necropolis ## Ilerda - The origin of the name Ilerda/Tlirda. - Iberian settlement of the Ilergetes.. - Ilerda is strategically located on a promotory (Segre River) and defended a pass over the river, securing strategic penetration towards the interior of the territory. -It is unclear if Caesar’s city corresponds to a pre existing Iberian settlement or a new Roman foundation: possibly both. - Municipality in the time of Augustus. - Battle and defeat of Indibilis and Mandonius by Cornelius Scipion (3rd century B.C.) - Sertorian War (1st century B.C.) the city was sided with Sertorius against Pompey. - During the Spanish Civil War (1st century BC) the city was a focal point of resistance against Roman forces. - The first battle and point of resistance, against Caesar. - This was also the campaign of Ilerda also known as the campaign of Segre or the campaign of the Garrigues. ## Ilerda (cont.) - Ilerda was conquered by the Romans, under Caesar with a siege during the war against Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great), lasting three months—and is usually considered to be one of Caesar’s most brilliant strategies. - Roman rule put an end to the military importance of Ilerda. - It was conquered by the Visigoths in 475. - The city was the capital of the province of Tarraconensis (Tarragona) during the Roman period. - The Visigoths had their capital in Ilerda until the Visigothic rulers moved to Toledo in the 7th century. ## Merida - Founded by Augustus in 25 B.C., for the Cantabrian war veterans. - Strategically located on the Via de la Plata, the road to the north of the Iberian peninsula and the Mediterranean. - It was the capital of Lusitania - Covered 80 hectares. - Walled with semicircular towers spaced at regular intervals. - It had four main gates: - The Cardo Maximus - The Decumanus Maximus. - Roman grid plan, with streets at right angles. - Sewer system. - Two main forums: - The Provincial Forum - The Municipal Forum. - It contained the theatre and amphitheater, part of the buildings for entertainment. - Had three aqueducts: - The Aqueduct of the 'Milagros‘ (at the ‘Empalme de Praserpina’) - ‘Acueducto de Los Losa‘ - Sewer system.