Philippine History Reading PDF

**READING IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY** **Proclamation of Philippine Independence Day** **JUNE 12, 1898** - Every [June 12] of the year, Philippine Independence Day is being celebrated. - freedom from the Spanish colony for 333 years - [Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo] proclaimed Philippine Indep...

**READING IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY** **Proclamation of Philippine Independence Day** **JUNE 12, 1898** - Every [June 12] of the year, Philippine Independence Day is being celebrated. - freedom from the Spanish colony for 333 years - [Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo] proclaimed Philippine Independence in [Kawit, Cavite.] - the Fourth of July was the traditional holiday until President Diosdado Macapagal changed it into June 12. - A peace agreement between Spain and United States that [ended the Spanish --American war. ] - the United States purchase the Philippines Islands from Spain for [\$20 million]. - He prepared the Act of the Declaration of Philippine Independence. He was also the one who read it. - Studied law at the University of Sto. Thomas. - The adviser of Emilio Aguinaldo. - Died at the age of 72 due to a fatal fall from a horse- drawn carriage. - It was made in Hongkong. - Made by Mrs. Marcella Agoncillo together with Lorenza Agoncillo and Delfina Herboza - **[White Triangle]** signifying the famous society [**Katipunan**.] - **[Three Stars]** signifying the island of **[Luzon, Panay]** and **[Mindanao,]** where the revolutionary movement initiated. In some references it signify the three major group islands (LUZVIMINDA). - **[Eight Rays]** signifying the eight provinces **[Manila, Bulacan, Pampanga, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Tarlac, and Nueva Ecija]** which declared themselves in state of war as soon as the first revolt started. [ ] - **[Blue, Red and White]** commemorating the flag of the United States of North America. - **[Sun]** representing the Gigantic steps made by the sons of the country. - A short 2,000 word-document. - Signed by 98 persons including an American Army officer who witnessed the proclamation. - Summarizes the reasons behind the revolution against Spain. - It specifically mentioned the abuses and maltreatment of the Spanish. **Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era** **CARICATURE** - ["CARICARE] which means to exaggerate (Italian) - a picture, description, or imitation of a person in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect. **Alfred W. McCoy** - June 12, 1945 (born) - Massachusetts, U.S.A - Educator University of Wisconsin- Madison. - Director of the Center of South East Asian Studies (University of Wisconsin - American **Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era** Modern art form that turns away from classical art by exaggerating human features and prodding fun as its subject. - The art became part of the print media as a form of political and social commentary **AWARDS** - Philippine Catholic Mass Media Award, best Book of the year for 1985. - Philippine National Book Award for History, for 1986. - Gintong Aklat Award (Manila) special citation for History 1987 **Historical Background** - In Alfred McCoy's book Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era (1900- 1941), collection of political cartoons. - Philippine political cartoons gained full expression during the American era. Filipino artist recorded national attitudes toward the coming of the Americans as well as the changing mores and times. - the **377 cartoons** complied in this book speak for themselves. - Alfred McCoy's extensive research in Philippine and American archives provides a comprehensive background not only to the cartoons but to the turbulent period as well. - McCoy's and Roces Book show the transition from the Spanish Colonial period to the American Occupation period, it also demonstrated the different strands of changes and shift in Philippine culture, society, and politics. The cartoon satirize the rise of co-education at the University of the Philippines campus at Ermita. While Catholic universities remained single sex or sexually segregated but UP follows the American antecedents. It show wild courtship scenes in class. One couple exchange vows of love, another embraces and the woman in front reads a love letter. Only the unattractive young lady bothers with the lesson. Shows the inequality between American and Filipino teachers. Filipinos having low salary even if they graduated from international universities and qualified in a high civil service examination. Rise of deaths because of the colorum vehicles. Refers not to a ten fold difference in Filipino and American manual wages with the colony, but to a more fundamental inequality. The difference in wages and working conditions between two countries. While stevedor on the San Francisco docks earned\$5.00 a day (10 Peso) for easy mechanized labor, the Filipino earned only 1 peso for hauling sacks hand under Manila's tropical sun. **Revisiting Cory Aquino's Speech before the US Congress** **CORY AQUINO** - Corazon Aquino or **Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco -- Aquino.** - Born on **January 25, 1933 in Tarclac** Philippines. - **11^th^ president** of and the **first female president of the Philippines and in Asia.** - She is dubbed as the **"Mother of Democracy."** - August 1, 2009 (died) **Historical Context** - There was a tension already between Marcos and Aquino since they become president and senator. - Accusing Aquino (Benigno) being a communist. - Martial law during Marcos\'s regime. Arresting Benigno Aquino. - The Aquino Family lived in America for 3 years. - Aquino was assassinated when his plane landed. **February 1986: SNAP ELECTION** \- Where Corazon Aquino, the widow of the slain senator was convinced to run against Marcos. The canvassing was rigged to Marcos\'s favor but the people expressed their protest against the corrupt and authoritarian government. **EDSA PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION** \- It installed Cory Aquino in the presidency, put the Philippines in the international spotlight for overthrowing dictator through peaceful means. **Cory Aquino's Speech** 3\. The plans she had in mind like restoring the democracy and fixing the casualties in the time of Marcos. One in which she implied huge debt that Filipinos had not received. 4\. And lastly, she thanked America for being her home for 3 years when her family was living there with Ninoy and for the support the country has given to the Philippines, especially in the completion of the 1987 Constitution which she states \"gives full respect to the Bill of Rights\".