Quarter 1 Lessons and Exam Reviewer 2024-2025 PDF

HI GUYS, DAHIL WALA NA TAYONG PANAHON MAIDISCUSS ANG IBANG TOPICS, ITO ANG GUIDE NINYO NG LESSONS NATIN. THIS WILL ALSO SERVE AS YOUR REVIEWER PARA SA MIDTERM EXAM. The role of Media and Information to effective communication It makes the world a smaller pla...

HI GUYS, DAHIL WALA NA TAYONG PANAHON MAIDISCUSS ANG IBANG TOPICS, ITO ANG GUIDE NINYO NG LESSONS NATIN. THIS WILL ALSO SERVE AS YOUR REVIEWER PARA SA MIDTERM EXAM. The role of Media and Information to effective communication It makes the world a smaller place. A person can be connected to anyone else in the world, communication between two parties from the opposite sides of the world is now possible. Social Media platforms brought people from different locations, backgrounds, cultures, and races together. It makes communication convenient. Two people communicate with one another without the long wait for replies or the worry that their messages won’t be received in a timely manner It shapes public opinion. Owing to its wide reach, not to mention the perceived credibility of the media, they can sway the opinion of their audience according to the message they convey. Communication is the process of sharing thoughts, feelings, and ideas with other people. It can be expressed through written or spoken words, actions, or both spoken words and nonverbal actions at the same time. 1. Non-Verbal Communication- refers to an interaction where behavior is used to convey and present meaning. 2. Verbal Communication- refers to an interaction in which words are used to relay a message. 2 types of verbal communication Oral communication- Implies communication through mouth. Written communication- It means the sending of messages, orders, or instructions in writing through letters, circulars, manuals, reports, telegrams, office memos, bulletins, etc. What is Media?  Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States and the author of the Declaration of Independence said that if he had to choose between government without newspapers and newspapers without government, he would pick the latter. This shows how vital the role of media is in keeping democracy in society.  Media is the foundation of democracy. Media is the window for the people to see and to be aware of the important happenings in the social, political, and economic scenes that would greatly affect their lives.  It mirrors the realities of life.  Media is the watchdog of the society. In a democratic society like the Philippines, media has become the agent of the public. It exposes irregularities and ambiguities in the system of democracy, which awakens and challenges the government to correct and solve the issues to make the system more responsive and accountable. TYPES OF MEDIA 1.Print Media. Media consisting of paper and ink, reproduced in a printing process that is traditionally mechanical. It is used to describe the traditional or "old-fashioned" print- based media that today's parents grew up with, including newspapers, magazines, books, and comics or graphic novels Print media is the most portable platform of media. Its size and weight allow separate medium or technology to transmit or receive information. Unlike other forms of media, print does not require a separate medium or technology to transmit or receive information. 2. Broadcast Media. Media such as radio and television that reach target audiences using airwaves as the transmission medium. 3. New Media. Content organized and distributed on digital platforms such as the Internet. It refers to “those digital media that are interactive, incorporate two-way communication and involve some form of computing,” Robert Logan writes in his book Understanding New Media. New media is “very easily processed, stored, transformed, retrieved, hyperlinked and, perhaps most radical of all, easily searched for and accessed LITERACY  the ability to read and write.  competence or knowledge in a specified area MEDIA LITERACY the ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and communicate information in a variety of forms, including print and non – print messages INFORMATION LITERACY a set of abilities requiring individuals to “Recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate, and use the needed information effectively.” TECHNOLOGY LITERACY the ability to acquire new knowledge for on – going and lifelong learning in the 21st century global workplace. Individuals can benefit from being a media and information literate: 1. Significant improvement in the quality of life 2. Greater political participation 3. Better economic opportunities 4. Improved learning environment The influence of Media and Information to Effective Communication POSITIVE EFFECTS 1. It connects people who are miles apart. 2. It makes communication faster. 3. Social media lessens the barriers in communication. 4. Media and information literacy also help widen an individual’s knowledge. 5. Creates online jobs. NEGATIVE EFFECTS 1. It influences people’s opinion. 2. Source of fake news 3. Place for cyberbullying 4. Hinders effective communication. GUIDELINES IN USING INFORMATION ETHICALLY Ethics-the study of what is morally right and what is not. 1. SEPARATE FACTS FROM OPINIONS A fact is verifiable. We can determine whether it is true by researching the evidence. This may involve numbers, dates, testimony, etc. (Ex.: "World War II ended in 1945.") The truth of the fact is beyond argument if one can assume that measuring devices or records or memories are correct. An opinion is a judgment based on facts, an honest attempt to draw a reasonable conclusion from factual evidence. An opinion is potentially changeable--depending on how the evidence is interpreted. By themselves, opinions have little power to convince. You must always let your reader know what your evidence is and how it led you to arrive at your opinion. 2. GIVE CREDIT TO WHERE CREDIT IS DUE Proper crediting is a gesture of respect for one's intellectual property. PLAGIARISM  Plagiarism happens when someone uses another person’s work without giving credit to the original owner. It is not only stealing a person’s work but also stealing a person’s idea. It is defined as “the unauthorized use or close imitation of the language and thoughts of another author and the representation of them as one's own original work”. Committing plagiarism has legal and professional consequences. To avoid this crime, always acknowledge the original creator or owner through citations. 3.PRACTICE DUE DILIGENCE When a person receives information, it is his responsibility to validate the authenticity of its content. It is essential to know that the source of the information is credible and trustworthy and that the contents are all based on facts and results of tedious research. Examining and reviewing data is a must to avoid false or misleading information. Using information without first making sure that it is valid and acceptable may result to confusion or worse. 3. RESPECT EVERYONE’S PRIVACY Privacy in this context is defined as the freedom from unauthorized intrusion.  It is a given fact that in this age of information, privacy has become difficult to uphold or to keep. Every time we post or write something online, we are leaving digital footprints that are almost impossible to erase. Therefore, it is a must that we control what we put in cyberspace. There is nothing wrong with expressing and sharing information about us in the virtual world, but not everything must be shared. EVOLUTION OF MEDIA PREHISTORIC AGE   Cave painting is considered medium of communication during prehistoric age  People tend to communicate through body movements and physical interactions  People discovered fire and developed paper from plants. INDUSTRIAL AGE  During the industrial age, printing became faster, steam-driven presses and methods of translating photographs to the printing press.  Photographs in press emerged in 1839.  In 1850, cheaper manufacturing of paper paved its way. ELECTRONIC AGE  This age began with the invention of the telegraph in 1844. Developed in the 1830s and 1840s by Samuel Morse (1791-1872)  The invention of telegraphs led to telephones (1876), radios (1906), and televisions (1936).  Personal Computer was developed in 1973, and mobile phone in 1991. INFORMATION AGE  The internet is the prevailing platform of media in the information age.  The internet is a development instead of an invention. The Internet began as a more secure alternative means of communication during the cold war, called the ARPAnet. It is a single network connecting a few dozen sites. By using packet switching or the process of breaking down information and sending it through different routes.  A decade later, Tim Berners Lee led another Internet innovation. He developed the World Wide Web, where the internet itself became web information. His development is the Internet that we know today. SOURCES OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION Indigenous Knowledge* (IK) is an unconventional source of information. It is also known as local knowledge. Indigenous Media’s characteristics are as follows: ✓ oral tradition of communication ✓ store information in memories ✓ information exchange is face to- face ✓ information are contained within the border of the community. Library*. It is a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such as books, manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept for use but not for sale. Internet. It is a global computer network providing a variety of information and communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized communication protocols. Unlike similar information found in newspapers or television broadcasts, information available on the Internet is not regulated for quality or accuracy; therefore, it is particularly important for the individual Internet user to evaluate the resource or information. Keep in mind that almost anyone can publish anything they wish on the Web. It is often difficult to determine authorship of Web sources, and even if the author is listed, he or she may not always represent him or herself honestly, or he or she may represent opinions as fact. LANGUAGES OF MEDIA Types of Codes Media codes generally have an agreed meaning, or connotation, to their audience. There are three types of media codes: Symbolic codes are social in nature. What this means is that these codes live outside the media product themselves but would be understood in similar ways in the ‘real life’ of the audience. For instance, if you saw somebody receive a red rose in a film, you would assume there is a romantic relationship between the two characters. If you gave somebody a red rose in real life, you might be hoping the same. Symbolic codes in media include setting, mise en scene, acting and colour. Technical codes are codes that are specific to a media form and do not live outside of them. For instance, our understanding of different camera shots and their connotations make sense when we look and films and photographs but mean nothing to us outside of those forms. Technical codes in media include Camerawork, Editing, Audio and Lighting.  Written codes are the formal written language used in a media product. Just like technical and symbolic codes, written codes can be used to advance a narrative, communicate information about a character or issues and themes in the media product When we say media message are constructed using codes and conventions, we mean that every media product we encounter is a coherent body with its own rules. Genre It is a French word which means “Kind” or “Class”. The original Latin word is “genus” and mean class of things that can be broken down into subcategories. It tends to be understood to constitute conventions of contents and following a distinctive style in terms of form and presentation. The primary genres that media creators and producers invoke are the following: entertainment, news, information, education, and advertising.