Media and Information Literacy Module 1 PDF

11/12 Media and Information Literacy Quarter 1 – Module 1: Media and Communication Media and Information Literacy – Grade 11/12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) Quarter 1 – Module 1: Communication and Media First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176...

11/12 Media and Information Literacy Quarter 1 – Module 1: Media and Communication Media and Information Literacy – Grade 11/12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) Quarter 1 – Module 1: Communication and Media First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Development Team of the Module Writer: Jenelyn A. Abico Editors: Dawn Hope S. Almuena, Mary Joy M. Velasco Reviewers: Evelyn C. Frusa, Ph.d, Rolex I. Lotilla, Arven Tejada Illustrator: Layout Artist: Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director Crispin A. Soliven, Jr., CESE - Schools Division Superintendent Roberto J. Montero, Ed, CESE - ASDS Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM Gilda A. Orendain - REPS – Subject Area Supervisor Belen Fajemolin, Ph.d - CID Chief Evelyn C. Frusa, Ph.d - Division EPS In Charge of LRMS/ Subject Area Supervisor- ICT Bernardita M. Villano - Division ADM Coordinator Carlo S. Melendres, Ph.d - EPS – Senior High School Coordinator Subject Area Supervisor- ICT Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893 E-mail Address: [email protected] Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you. iii  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the Media and Communication. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. This module will focus namely on:  LO 1 –Describes how communication is influenced by media and information After going through this module, you are expected to: a) Define communication, media and information; b) Recognize communication as a social process; c) Describe the nature of communication and the concepts related to it; and d) Conclude how media affect human living through an information chart. 1 Definition of Terms Media It refers to any physical object used to communicate media messages. Communication The act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to exchange information, ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else. Communication Model Are diagrams that make you understand the process at a glance. They are like maps that guide you in understanding how communication works in different settings. Information Knowledge of specific events or situations that have been gathered or received by communication, intelligence, or news. Media Literacy The ability to read, analyze, evaluate, and produce communication in a variety of media forms. Social Media Forms of electronic communication through which people create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, etc. 2  What I Know Let us determine how much you already learned. Instruction. Select the letter only of the correct answer and write it in your activity notebook. 1. It refers to the process of sharing and conveying messages or information from one person to another within and across channels, contexts, media, and cultures. A. elements C. process B. communication D. model 2. The factor that affects the flow of information which can appear as a noise is called_________?. A. context C. barrier B. message D. feedback 2. The plural of medium, also known as ways to communicate information. A. media C. information B. message D. context 3. Whose model of communication below uses One-way communication ? A. Aristotle C. Schramm B. Berlo D. Shannon-Weaver 4. Field of experience being part of the communication, was introduced by? A. Aristotle C. Schramm B. Berlo D. Shannon-Weaver 6. A speaker centered model as the speaker has the most important role in it and is the only one active. A. Aristotle C. Schramm B. Transactional D. Shannon-Weaver 3 1. This model has been originally intended to show how radio and telephone technologies function. A. Aristotle C. Schramm B. Transactional D. Shannon-Weaver 2. It is a reaction, response, or information provided by the receiver. A. Barrier C. Receiver B. Feedback D. Context 3. It is the process of converting the message into words, actions, or other forms that the speaker understands. A. Barrier C. Encoding B. Channel D. Decoding 4. It is the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal or nonverbal, or the use of senses in which the encoded message is conveyed. A. Medium C. Receiver B. Channel D. Feedback 4 Lesson 1 Media and Communication Media and other information providers play a central role in information and communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of self- expression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the globe. The connection between technological advances and people’s connectivity created a huge impact on the lives of today’s generation. This module covers all the above- mentioned concepts. What’s In In your Oral Communication subject, Communication is a process in which individuals interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings. (Wood, 2004). It can also be described through its nature as follows: Communication a process that changes as the communicators’ environments is a process and needs change. Communication It involves systems of interrelated and interacting parts. is systematic Communication Symbols, verbal (with words) or nonverbal (without words), is symbolic are the basis of language. What’s New 5 Activity: Fill in the table below on the estimated number of hours you spent in each media or information provider from the previous week. Write your answer in your activity notebook. Weekly Interaction Log with Information and Information Providers Media and Information Provider Number of Hours in a week Youtube Facebook Television Books Others What is It COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA Communication refers to the process of conveying or sharing information. Since then, it is often described as the natural ability of an individual to socialize with others. In the 21st century world, communication has become “more social” due to the emergence of technology. Media are defined as sources of credible and current information created through an editorial process determined by journalistic values. To the extent that media become an important part of every society’s communication system, their institutional make-up can mesh with a variety of non-media information providers, such as libraries, museums, archives, Internet information providers, other information organizations, and citizens who produce their own content. 6 With the emergence of the technological platforms of communication, delivery of the message increased its speed resulting in some grapevine form of communication. To clearly understand how communication happens, it is appropriate to take a look at the following communication models. Shannon-Weaver’s Communication Model (1948) Image source:http://communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication/ Known as the mother of all communication models, the Shannon –Weaver model (1949) depicts communication as a linear or one-way process consisting of the five elements: a source (producer of the message); a transmitter (encoder of the message into signals; and a destination. This model has been originally intended to show how radio and telephone technologies function. This model has been criticized for missing one essential element in the communication process: feedback. Without feedback, the speaker will not know whether the receiver understands the message or not. Osgood- Schramm Model Of Communication (1954) Image source: http://communicationtheory.org/osgood-schramm-model-of-communication/ The Schramm model of communication (1954), which seeks to explain how meaning is transferred between individuals, corporations, and others, is the most commonly taught and widely used theory of communication. Schramm modified 7 the Shannon-Weaver model by adding the field of experience, defined as “life experiences, attitudes, values, and beliefs that each communicator brings to interaction and that shape how messages are sent and received.” (McCornack, 2010, p.10, as cited in “Osgood-Schramm model, “2015) Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication (1960) Image source: http://communicationtheory.org/berlos-smcr-model-of-communication/ In 1960, David Berlo postulated Berlo’s Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) model of communication from Shannon Weaver’s Model of Communication (1949). He described factors affecting the individual components in the communication making the communication more efficient. The model also focuses on encoding and decoding which happens before the sender sends the message and before the receiver receives the message respectively. Berlo’s Model has mainly, four components to describe the communication process. They are sender, message, channel and receiver. Each component is affected by many factors. Aristotle Model of Communication Image source: https://www.communicationtheory.org/aristotle%E2%80%99s- communication-model/ 8 Aristotle(384-322 B.C) was a Greek philosopher and writer born in Stagira, Northern Greece. While exploring human nature scientifically, Aristotle developed a linear model of communication for oral communication known as Aristotle’s Model of Communication. This is considered as the first model of communication and was proposed before 300 B.C. It is also most widely accepted among all communication models. Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. The Aristotle’s communication model is a speaker centered model as the speaker has the most important role in it and is the only one active. It is the speaker’s role to deliver a speech to the audience. The role of the audience is passive, influenced by the speech. This makes the communication process one way, from speaker to receiver. Elements of communication: Speaker - the source of information or message. Message - any information or anything the speaker/sender wants to communicate by using a medium. Medium - is the form in which the speaker/sender conveys the message Channel - is the method or means of sending or expressing the messages Encoding- the process of converting the messages into words, actions or other forms that the speaker understands. Listener/ receiver- he recipient or the one who gets the message Feedback - is the receiver’s reaction or response Context- is the situation or environment where communication takes place Barrier - the factors that affect the flow of communication. Decoding -the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver Nowadays, with communication becomes highly technological, the flow of information dissemination increased its effectiveness. 9  Image Source: http://www.digitalbuzzblog.com/infographic-the-social-media-effect/ Based on the image above, communication becomes more productive and interactive due to media and information. The message was shared through a variety of social media accounts and is shared by several people proving how influential media in the communication process. Media and Information Literacy recognizes the primary role of information and media in our everyday lives. It lies at the core of freedom of expression and information - since it empowers citizens to understand the functions of media and other information providers, to critically evaluate their content, and to make informed decisions as users and producers of information and media content. So how communication is affected by media and information? Let us take a look at the multiple roles of media in society. 1. act as channels of information and knowledge through which citizens 10  communicate with each other and make informed decisions, 2. facilitate informed debates between diverse social actors, 3. provide us with much of what we learn about the world beyond our immediate experience, 4. are means by which a society learns about itself and builds a sense of community, 5. function as a watchdog of government in all its forms, promoting transparency in public life and public scrutiny of those with power through exposing corruption, maladministration and corporate wrong-doing, 6. are essential facilitators of democratic processes and one of the guarantors of free and fair elections, 7. are a vehicle for cultural expression and cultural cohesion within and between nations, and 8. function as an advocate and social actor in its own right while respecting pluralistic values. What’s More 11 Activity: Analyze the image below, then answer the questions that follow. Write your answer in your activity notebook. Image source: http://www.ovrdrv.com/10-levels-of-intimacy-in-todays-communication/ 1. What is the message in this illustration? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Do you agree with this illustration regarding communication? Why/why not? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How media affect communication in our everyday living? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 12  What I Have Learned Activity: Answer the following questions concisely. Write your answer in your activity notebook. 1. What is communication? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is media? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Enumerate and discuss briefly the different models of communication _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How media influence communication? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Social media is the new trend in communication because… _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 13  What I Can Do Activity: Using the information chart below, do the following in your activity notebook. What’s the What do we situation? do? What’s How do the we like it? outcome? Image Source: http://www.lumina.com/technology/influence-diagrams/ 1. Identify a local issue that could fit in the shape labeled “what’s the situation?” Take an item of information from media sources (eg. Newspaper, radio, television, or internet) 2. In the square labeled “what do we do?”, think of a solution to address the identified issue. 3. In the shape labeled “what’s the outcome?” give the possible effect of your solution to the local population. 4. Finally, in the shape labeled “How do we like it?” imagine how people will react to your identified outcome. 14  Assessment Instruction. Select the letter only of the correct answer and write it in a separate sheet of paper. 1. This element of communication involves the information, ideas, or thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions. A. speaker C. barrier B. message D. feedback 2. Which model of communication emphasizes the importance of the role of the speaker in the communication process? A. Aristotle C. Schramm B. Berlo D. Shannon-Weaver 3. Which of the following statement is not true about communication and media? A. Media can bridge effective communication. B. Media hinders the effective delivery of information. C. Media acts as a channel of information dissemination. D. Creative delivery of information is possible through media. 4. What model of communication introduced the field of experience as an important factor in communication? A. Aristotle C. Schramm B. Berlo D. Shannon-Weaver 5. The process of interpreting symbols and signs received coming from the speaker is known as? A. speaker C. decoding B. encoding D. destination 6. Cherry believed that communication is only effective if the culture and social status of every individual will be taken into consideration. Cherry’s belief is anchored on whose model of communication? A. Aristotle C. Schramm B. Berlo D. Shannon-Weaver 15 7. Media plays a great role in the democratic country as a watchdog because_______? A. It advocates corruption and maladministration. B. It the government and takes actions on its own. C. It promotes transparency in all actions of the government. D. It influences the masses to act against the government and its leaders. 8. The following are true about the roles of media, except_______? A. It exposes corrupt politicians. B. It paves the way to various advocacies. C. It delimits cultural expressions among nations. D. It facilitates democratic processes and guarantees fair elections. 9. Which among the following is the best description of Media and Information Literacy? A. It is all about exchanging information. B. It includes information and communication literacy. C. It promotes literacy with the use and manipulation of media contents for personal use. D. It empowers every individual with the use of media through developing critical thinking and life long learning skills. 10. Which of the following is true about media and communication? A. Media disrupts fluent communication. B. Communication is only effective if it is speaker- centered. C. Media can produce effective and efficient communication. D. Media alters receiver’s message making it difficult to have effective message. 16  Additional Activities From the pool of social media outlets below, choose one and discuss in no less than three sentences how communication is conveyed effectively. Write your answer in your activity notebook. Image source: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/in-excess/201805/addicted-social- media?amp __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 17  Answer Key 10. B 10. C 9. C 9. D 8. B 8. C 7. D 7. C 6. A 6. B 5. C 5. C 4. A 4. C 3. A 3. B 2. C 2. A 1. B 1. B What I Know Assessment References Commission on higher Education, 2016. Teaching Guide for Senior High School MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY CORE SUBJECT. Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by DepEd The social Media Effect. Retrieved June 15, 2020, from https://academichelp.net/samples/academics/essays/cause-effect/the effects-of-social-media.html UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers 18 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Learning Resource Management System (LRMS) Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893 Email Address: [email protected] 19