Media And Information Literacy PDF

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eddiia a a annd m m e d information information LLiit e c y y t er a ra c Media Media Physical Physical Objects Objects Used Used to to Communicate Messages Communicate Messages It refers to any physical object (Can be seen, Film touched) used to communicate media also called a movie, motion picture, moving messages. picture, photoplay-is a work of visual art Communication Communication simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, The act or process of using words, sounds, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere using signs, or behaviours to express or exchange moving images. information, ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to Radio someone else. Is the technology of signaling and Communication Communication communicating using radio waves. model model (Wikipedia) Computer Are diagrams that make you understand the Is a device that accepts information (in the process briefly. They are like maps that guide form of digitalized data) and manipulates it you in the understanding how communication for some result based on a program, works in different settings.. software, or sequence of instructions on how information information the data is to be processed. Knowledge of specific events or situations that Television (TV) has been gathered or received by Is a telecommunication medium for communication, intelligence or news. transmitting moving images and sound (Wikipedia). Media Media Literacy Literacy Prints The ability to read, analyze, evaluate and magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, leaflets, produce communication in a variety of media tracts forms. oral oral social social media media Communication Communication Forms of electronic communication through Communication is a process in which individuals which people create online communities to interact with and through symbols to create and share information, ideas, personal messages, interpret meanings. (Wood, 2004). It can also be etc. described through its nature as follows: Communication is a process - a process that changes as the communicators’ environments and needs change. Communication is systematic - It involves within systems of interrelated and interacting parts. Communication is symbolic - Symbols, verbal (with words) or nonverbal (without words), are the basis of language. Shannon-Weaver’s Osgood-schramm’s Osgood-schramm’s Shannon-Weaver’s ‘circular’ ‘circular’ model model of of Model Model of of Communication Communication communication communication Developed by Mathematicians Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in late 1940s. Communication is not linear, but circular. A source how meaning is transferred between (producer of message)-a person entity who individuals, corporations, and others, is has the message to communicate the most commonly taught and widely A transmitter used theory of communication (encoder of message into signals)-the device Communication is reciprocal and equal or medium that encodes the message into a Schramm modified Shannon-Weaver signal that can travel through the channel model by adding field of experience Channel Messages are based on interpretation -path or medium that carries the signal from defined as “life experiences, attitudes, the transmitter to the receiver values, and beliefs that each Receiver communicator brings to an interaction the device or medium that decodes the and that shape how messages are sent signal back into a message that can be and received.” understood by the.. Communication involves encoding, Destination decoding, and interpreting the person or entity that receives and (McCornack, 2010, p.10, as cited in interprets the messages “Osgood-Schramm model, “2015) Noise the interference or distortion that affects the Berlo’s Berlo’s smcr smcr model model of of quality or clarity of the signal or message. communication communication (1960) (1960) Known as the mother of all communication models, the Shannon –Weaver model (1949) depicts communication as a linear or one-way process consisting of the five elements. This model has been originally intended to show how radio and telephone technologies function This model has been criticized for missing one essential element in the communication process: feedback. Without feedback, the speaker will not know whether the receiver understands the message or not.  In 1960, David Berlo postulated Berlo’s It is the speaker’s role to deliver a speech to the Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver audience. (SMCR) model of communication from The role of the audience is passive, influenced Shannon Weaver’s Model of by the speech. Communication (1949). This makes the communication process one He described factors affecting the way, from speaker to receiver. individual components in the communication making the elements elements of of communication more efficient.. Communication Communication The model also focuses on encoding and Speaker decoding which happens before sender the source of information or message. sends the message and before receiver Message receives the message respectively. any information or anything the Berlo’s Model has mainly, four components speaker/sender wants to to describe the communication process. communicate by using a medium. They are sender, message, channel and Medium receiver. is the form in which the Each of the component is affected by many speaker/sender conveys the message. factors. Channel Aristotle Aristotle model model of of is the method or means of sending communication communication or expressing the messages Encoding the process of converting the messages into words, actions or other Aristotle(384-322 B.C) was a Greek forms that the speaker understands. philosopher and writer born in Stagira, Listener/Receiver Northern Greece. he recipient or the one who gets the While exploring the human nature message scientifically, Aristotle developed a linear Feedback model of communication for oral is the receiver’s reaction or response communication known as Aristotle’s Context Model of Communication. is the situation or environment This is considered as the first model of where communication takes place communication and was proposed before Barrier 300 B.C. the factors that affect the flow of It is also the most widely accepted among communication all communication models. Decoding Aristotle Model is mainly focused on the process of interpreting the speaker and speech. encoded message of the speaker by The Aristotle’s communication model is a the receive speaker-centered model as the speaker has the most important role in it and is the only one active. The The social social media media effect effect So how communication is affected by media and information? Let us look on the multiple roles of media in the society. 1. act as channels of information and knowledge through which citizens communicate with each other and make informed decisions 2. facilitate informed debates between diverse social actors Based on the image above, 3. provide us with much of what we learn communication becomes more productive about the world beyond our immediate and interactive due to media and experience information. 4. are means by which a society learns about Message was shared through variety of itself and builds a sense of community social media accounts and is shared by a 5. function as a watchdog of government in few people proving how influential media all its forms, promoting transparency in in the communication process. public life and public scrutiny of those Media and Information Literacy with power through exposing corruption, recognizes the primary role of information maladministration and corporate wrong- and media in our everyday lives. doing It lies at the core of freedom of expression 6. are essential facilitators of democratic and information - since it empowers processes and one of the guarantors of free citizens to understand the functions of and fair elections media and other information providers, to 7. are a vehicle for cultural expression and critically evaluate their content, and to cultural cohesion within and between make informed decisions as users and nations, and producer of information and media 8. function as an advocate and social actor content. while respecting pluralistic values Literacy Literacy Technology Technology The ability to identify, understand, interpret, (digital) (digital) Literacy Literacy create, communicate and compute, using The ability to use digital technology, printed and written materials associated with communication tools or networks to locate, varying contexts. evaluate, use and create information.. It also refers to the ability to understand and use Media Media Literacy Literacy information in multiple formats from a wide The ability to decode/read, analyze, evaluate range of sources when it is presented via and produce communication in a variety of computers and to a person’s ability to perform forms. tasks effectively in a digital environment. digital digital literacy literacy Includes the ability to read and interpret Media Media and and media, to reproduce data and images through information information digital manipulation, and to evaluate and Literacy Literacy apply new knowledge gained from digital Media and Information Literacy are environments. essential skills and competencies that allow individuals to engage with media information information and other information providers literacy literacy effectively as well as develop critical Refers to the abilities to recognize when thinking and life-long learning skills to information is needed and to locate, evaluate, socialize and become active citizens. effectively use, and communicate information Accessing information from media in its various formats. requires ample knowledge, being Media Media and and literate with media use will be of great benefit to everyone. information information Literacy Literacy Online Media Information Technology Refers to the essential Activities Literacy Literacy Literacy competencies and skills that as a platform allow citizens to engage with Sending an (text; email; Content tools (mobile, media and other information electronic messenger; (appropriateness, computers, providers effectively and develop message video message; tone, recipient, others) voice message; others) critical thinking and life-long others) learning skills to socialize and become active citizens Content knowing how traditional (appropriateness, to use mass (newspaper, tv, reliability, media Getting the radio, others) accuracy, tone, platforms (tv, latest news digital audience, others) radio, others) (websites, giving feedback where to access social media, (reactions, digital content others) comments, rate, navigational others) skills digital We defined Digital Literacy/Technology digital access access The ability to fully participate in digital Literacy as the ability of an individual, either society. working independently or with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use digital digital literacy literacy technological tools. The ability to use digital technology, This concept has something to do with issues communication tools or networks to locate, arising in the digital world today. evaluate, use and create information. With the growing trend in the use of etiquette technology, cases of unethical use are also etiquette Properties of conduct as established in any surging up. class or community or for any occasion. With this concern, ethical use of media and information should be given great emphasis flame flame war war through inculcating Digital citizenship Series of angry, critical, or disparaging starting with Digital access. comments by two or more people in an ongoing online argument. Digital Digital citizenship citizenship A heated exchange of words between Having full access to technology requires users on online forums. continuously developing norms of appropriate, responsible, and empowered Netiquette Netiquette technology use which refers to Digital Set of rules for behaving properly online. Citizenship. Responsible Responsible Use Use of Media and of Media and Digital Digital Etiquette Etiquette Information Information Digital Etiquette which pertains to electronic standards of conduct or Media and Information literacy recognizes procedures and has to do with the process of the primary role of information and media in thinking about others when using digital our everyday lives. devices. Empowerment of people through Media and Information Literacy (MIL) is an important nEtiquette nEtiquette prerequisite for fostering equitable access to Merriam- Webster dictionary defined information and knowledge and promoting Netiquette as set of rules about the proper free, and polite way to communicate with other Independent and pluralistic media and people when using the internet information systems. Media and Information Literacy is compose Digital Digital Footprint Footprint of three main concepts: Media Literacy, the information about a particular person Information Literacy and that exists on the internet as a result of their Technology/Digital Literacy. online activity. Developing necessary skills and competencies Your digital footprint is what you leave behind in regards with these concepts is an effective after you post or communicate with others online. way to use and produce information from the It is easier than ever to communicate with others traditional and new media. and learn about each other with technology pre-Industrial pre-Industrial Age Age Information Time before there were machines and tools to Information Age Age (1900s-2000s) - The Internet paved the way for help perform tasks. faster communication and the creation of the (Before 1700s) - People discovered fire, social network. People advanced the use of developed paper from plants, and forged microelectronics with the invention of personal weapons and tools with stone, bronze, computers, mobile devices, and wearable copper and iron. technology. Moreover, voice, image, sound and data are digitalized. We are now living in the information age. Industrial Industrial Age Age People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and manufactured various products. (1700s-1930s) - People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established new new media media iron production, and the manufacturing of Refers to content organized and distributed various products (including books through on digital platforms. the printing press). traditional traditional media media Refers to the traditional means of communication and expression that have Electronic Electronic Age Age existed since before the advent of the Internet. Began when electronic equipment including computers came into use. media media Media refers to the combination of physical (1930s-1980s) - The invention of the objects used to communicate or mass transistor ushered in the electronic age. communication through physical objects People harnessed the power of transistors such as radio, television, computers, or film, that led to the transistor radio, electronic etc. circuits, and the early computers. In this Media are a source of credible information age, long distance communication in which contents are provided through an became more efficient editorial process determined by journalistic values and therefore editorial accountability can be attributed to an organization or a new new information information legal person. Age An idea that the current age is Media serve as a channel in communication. characterized by creating a knowledge-based society surrounded by a high-tech computerization. It is also known as the Computer Age, Digital Age, or New Media Age