PSYC 100 Midterm 1 Study Guide PDF

lOMoARcPSD|31502042 PSYC 100 - MIDTERM 1 *TERM REVIEW SHEET* 1 & 2: Intro, Ideas, & History Textbook: ch. 1 Lecture: L01 & L02 Psychology: Study of the human mind and behaviour. Empiricism: Learning comse from [empirical] observation and experience. (gain knowledge through senses and watching) Mo...

lOMoARcPSD|31502042 PSYC 100 - MIDTERM 1 *TERM REVIEW SHEET* 1 & 2: Intro, Ideas, & History Textbook: ch. 1 Lecture: L01 & L02 Psychology: Study of the human mind and behaviour. Empiricism: Learning comse from [empirical] observation and experience. (gain knowledge through senses and watching) Monism: Mind and the brain are the same thing Dualism: Mind and body are seperate Epiphenominalism: biochemical events are the only cause of mental events (thoughts, feelings) Interactionalism: mind/body are distinct but interact to cause events within one another. *Materialism: [behaviourist/biological] Structuralism: [Wilhelm Wundt] Sensations of independent elements make up consciousness, structure. Introspection: looking into yourself, and understanding your feelings and mental states. Functionalism: [William James] Purpose of thought/why. Stream of consciousness. Gestalt Psyc: [Wertheimer] Forms/whole more than sum of parts. Principles & laws that explain perception (ex: brain filling in blanks) Behaviorism: [Watson] Focus on Biology (objective science). Goal to control behaviour. Studied animals. *Cognitive Revolution: Psychophysiological Model of Mind: Relationship b/w behaviour and structures in the nervous system (Sea slug memory experiment) Downloaded by bella boot ([email protected]) lOMoARcPSD|31502042 Psychodynamic Model of Mind: All behaviour comes from trying to solve drives and reflexes (Motivation/desires from tension & conflict). We act different because we have different history. Psychoanalysis: Freuds theory of unconscious meaning to behaviour. ID: Pleasure Principal Ego: Reason and Self Control Superego: Morality (perfect self) Behaviourist Model of Mind: Conditions leading to a response (environmental factors). Humans just react to condition so no good/evil. Williams James: Functionalism, Textbook: <principles of psych=, Founder of psychology Wilhelm Windt: Strucuralism, Introspection, First research library John Watson: Behaviourism, classical conditioning (Little Albert experiment) Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis, unconscious mind Rene Descartes: Cartesian dualism Operant conditioning: positive/negative reinforcement 3: Consciousness Textbook: ch. 5 Short intro to consciousness Cartesian Dualism: mind controls body, but body can influence mind (ex: passion) Interaction Problem: How do mind and body interact? Monism Downloaded by bella boot ([email protected]) lOMoARcPSD|31502042 • • • Idealists: only mind exists (physical objects come from mind) Neutral Monists: neither mind nor body is the single substance of reality (same reality either way). Materialists: consciousness is function of brain (nothing exists from physical world) • The hard problem: How do we have conscious meaning in our life from brain/body activity. How can matter give rise to mind. Consciousness as a private experience: We cannot experience life from someone else’s POV Mind-Body problem: Understanding whether the mind and body are connected or if so, to what extent. Easy problem: perception, learning, memory, attention etc. Qualia: phenomenal private aspects of our mental lives (smell of freshly mown grass, colour of red mcgill sweater) Consciousness definition: Awareness to our existance/thought. Unconsciousness: Actions occur w/o awareness (catch ball coming at head, and changing hand shape for the object) Self-Awareness: capacity to become the object of one’s own attention. Self (self-concept, I vs me): I (self that experiences) & me (body that exists in space w/ beliefs and attitudes) EEG: recording electrical activity in the brain as it relates to levels of alertness. Electrooculograms: records electrical poetential b/w front/back of eye. Electromyograms: records electrical activity in muscles. Alpha waves: Physically and Mentally relaxed Beta waves: Active thinking REM sleep, Awake Theta waves: NREM (light sleep), daydreams, creativity, insight Delta waves: REM, slow wave sleep Downloaded by bella boot ([email protected]) lOMoARcPSD|31502042 REM Sleep: Dreaming Sleep stages: 1-4 (none REM), 5(REM) - dreamss (whole cycle is 90 mins) Sleep stage 1: light sleep (5-10m/cycle) - A/T waves & halucinations Sleep stage 2: burts of sleep spindles (10-30m/cycle) - K-complexes (65% of sleep) Sleep stage 3/4: Deep sleep (15-30m/cycle) - Slow wave sleep(crucial for rest) - 25% of sleep Sleep stage 5: Extremely deep sleep (10-20m/cycle) - brain activity like being awake (vivid dreams). Hypnograms: graph representing stages of sleep. *Sleep Spindles: NREM sleep that helps with mem consolidation (look like spikes indicate light sleep) K-Complexes: suppress sleep disruption (light sleep) Sleep functions: Restoration, Growth/cellular repair, rebuilds brain proteins, boosts # of immune cells(need 9 hours) Functions of Slow Wave sleep: memory consolidation, physically restorative Insomnia: difficulty maintaining or initiating restorative sleep Narcolepsy: Falling asleep with no control Sleep Apnea: brain stops remembering to breathe Sleepwalking: getting up and moving while brain is still <sleeping= Night terrors: awakening from sleep terrified RBD: REM sleep behaviourr disorder (dream enactment/ violent movement) Circadian Rythm: 24 hr Body clock regulated by suprachiamsatic nucleus (SCN) in hippocampus. Hypnosis: suggestions delivered to change perception and behaviour Downloaded by bella boot ([email protected]) lOMoARcPSD|31502042 Hypnotic analgesia: reduced sensitivity to pain under hypnotic suggestion Dissociation: disconnect b/w thoughts and sense of self Selective attention: awareness to relevance, narrowing focus Innattentional blindness: not paying attention to things that aren’t focus (man in gorilla suit walks across other side of field) Change blindness: Failing to notice a change (talking to stranger who swaps out) Default mode network: brain regions active while person is not focused on outside world *Global workspace hypothesis: consciousness requires info processed from nonconscious parts of the brain which is broadcasted to the other parts of brain (global workspace). Mind wandering: escaping a boring situation (future/goal oriented) Downloaded by bella boot ([email protected])