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Questions and Answers
Which psychologist is associated with the concept of the superego?
Which psychologist is associated with the concept of the superego?
- Sigmund Freud (correct)
- Wilhelm Windt
- Rene Descartes
- John Watson
Who is considered the founder of psychology?
Who is considered the founder of psychology?
- William James (correct)
- Wilhelm Windt
- Sigmund Freud
- John Watson
Which psychologist is known for his research on classical conditioning, including the famous Little Albert experiment?
Which psychologist is known for his research on classical conditioning, including the famous Little Albert experiment?
- Rene Descartes
- Wilhelm Windt
- Sigmund Freud
- John Watson (correct)
Which philosopher is associated with Cartesian dualism?
Which philosopher is associated with Cartesian dualism?
What is the main focus of functionalism, as mentioned in the text?
What is the main focus of functionalism, as mentioned in the text?
According to the behaviorist model of mind, how do humans respond to conditions?
According to the behaviorist model of mind, how do humans respond to conditions?
According to Williams James, what is the main focus of functionalism?
According to Williams James, what is the main focus of functionalism?
According to the Cartesian dualism, how do the mind and body interact?
According to the Cartesian dualism, how do the mind and body interact?
According to the interaction problem, which group believes that only the mind exists?
According to the interaction problem, which group believes that only the mind exists?
According to the concept of operant conditioning, what are positive and negative reinforcement?
According to the concept of operant conditioning, what are positive and negative reinforcement?
According to empiricism, how do we gain knowledge?
According to empiricism, how do we gain knowledge?
According to monism, what is the relationship between the mind and the brain?
According to monism, what is the relationship between the mind and the brain?
According to epiphenomenalism, what is the cause of mental events?
According to epiphenomenalism, what is the cause of mental events?
According to interactionalism, how do the mind and body relate to each other?
According to interactionalism, how do the mind and body relate to each other?
According to structuralism, what makes up consciousness?
According to structuralism, what makes up consciousness?
According to functionalism, what is the purpose of thought?
According to functionalism, what is the purpose of thought?
According to gestalt psychology, what is the relationship between the whole and its parts?
According to gestalt psychology, what is the relationship between the whole and its parts?
According to behaviorism, what is the main focus of study?
According to behaviorism, what is the main focus of study?
According to the psychophysiological model of mind, what is the relationship between behavior and structures in the nervous system?
According to the psychophysiological model of mind, what is the relationship between behavior and structures in the nervous system?
According to the psychoanalytic theory, what is the main driving force behind behavior?
According to the psychoanalytic theory, what is the main driving force behind behavior?
According to the psychophysiological model of mind, what is the relationship between behavior and structures in the nervous system?
According to the psychophysiological model of mind, what is the relationship between behavior and structures in the nervous system?
According to the behaviorist model of mind, how do humans respond to conditions?
According to the behaviorist model of mind, how do humans respond to conditions?
According to the behaviorist model of mind, how do humans react to conditions?
According to the behaviorist model of mind, how do humans react to conditions?
According to Williams James, what is the main focus of functionalism?
According to Williams James, what is the main focus of functionalism?
According to the interaction problem, which group believes that consciousness is a function of the brain?
According to the interaction problem, which group believes that consciousness is a function of the brain?
Which research method involves observing participants without their knowledge?
Which research method involves observing participants without their knowledge?
What is the term for the phenomenon where being observed causes participants to change their behavior?
What is the term for the phenomenon where being observed causes participants to change their behavior?
Which term refers to the variable that is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment?
Which term refers to the variable that is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment?
What is the term for the degree of spread in a distribution of data?
What is the term for the degree of spread in a distribution of data?
Which stage of sleep is characterized by bursts of sleep spindles and K-complexes?
Which stage of sleep is characterized by bursts of sleep spindles and K-complexes?
What is the main function of Slow Wave sleep?
What is the main function of Slow Wave sleep?
Which sleep disorder is characterized by difficulty maintaining or initiating restorative sleep?
Which sleep disorder is characterized by difficulty maintaining or initiating restorative sleep?
What is the main function of the Default Mode Network?
What is the main function of the Default Mode Network?
Which hypothesis proposes that modern humans evolved in Africa and spread without interbreeding with other homos?
Which hypothesis proposes that modern humans evolved in Africa and spread without interbreeding with other homos?
What is the term for a group of genetically similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring?
What is the term for a group of genetically similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring?
What is the term for the unit of storing genetic information that codes for a specific trait?
What is the term for the unit of storing genetic information that codes for a specific trait?
What is the term for the process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis?
What is the term for the process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis?
What is the term for another variable that cannot be separated from the independent variable and may affect the results?
What is the term for another variable that cannot be separated from the independent variable and may affect the results?
What is the term for the average distance of all data points around the mean?
What is the term for the average distance of all data points around the mean?
According to Piaget's theory of human development, what is the relationship between innate knowledge and experiences?
According to Piaget's theory of human development, what is the relationship between innate knowledge and experiences?
Which brain wave is associated with physically and mentally relaxed states?
Which brain wave is associated with physically and mentally relaxed states?
Which sleep stage is characterized by bursts of sleep spindles and K-complexes?
Which sleep stage is characterized by bursts of sleep spindles and K-complexes?
Which sleep stage is crucial for rest and accounts for 25% of sleep?
Which sleep stage is crucial for rest and accounts for 25% of sleep?
Which sleep stage is characterized by brain activity similar to being awake and vivid dreams?
Which sleep stage is characterized by brain activity similar to being awake and vivid dreams?
According to the behaviorist model of mind, how do humans respond to conditions?
According to the behaviorist model of mind, how do humans respond to conditions?
According to the concept of operant conditioning, what are positive and negative reinforcement?
According to the concept of operant conditioning, what are positive and negative reinforcement?
According to the psychophysiological model of mind, what is the relationship between behavior and structures in the nervous system?
According to the psychophysiological model of mind, what is the relationship between behavior and structures in the nervous system?
Which hypothesis proposes that modern humans evolved in Africa and spread without interbreeding with other homos?
Which hypothesis proposes that modern humans evolved in Africa and spread without interbreeding with other homos?
What is the term for the process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis?
What is the term for the process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis?
According to the theory of evolution, what is the main driving force behind the adaptation of species to their environment?
According to the theory of evolution, what is the main driving force behind the adaptation of species to their environment?
What is the term for the strength of genetic influences on certain phenotypic traits?
What is the term for the strength of genetic influences on certain phenotypic traits?
Which research method involves observing participants without their knowledge?
Which research method involves observing participants without their knowledge?
What is the term for the average distance of all data points around the mean?
What is the term for the average distance of all data points around the mean?
According to the cognitive revolution, what are some consequences of the increase in brain size?
According to the cognitive revolution, what are some consequences of the increase in brain size?
What is the term for the variable that is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment?
What is the term for the variable that is manipulated by the researcher in an experiment?
According to the nature versus nurture debate, what determines behavior?
According to the nature versus nurture debate, what determines behavior?
Which theory of human development suggests that we have some innate knowledge and that experiences combine to form concepts of the world?
Which theory of human development suggests that we have some innate knowledge and that experiences combine to form concepts of the world?
What is the term for the process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis?
What is the term for the process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis?
Which term refers to a group of related similar species?
Which term refers to a group of related similar species?
What is the term for a distinguishing quality?
What is the term for a distinguishing quality?
What is the term for the strength of genetic influences on certain phenotypic traits?
What is the term for the strength of genetic influences on certain phenotypic traits?
According to the theory of evolution, what is the main driving force behind the adaptation of species to their environment?
According to the theory of evolution, what is the main driving force behind the adaptation of species to their environment?
What is the term for the process in which organisms better adapted to the environment have a better chance of surviving?
What is the term for the process in which organisms better adapted to the environment have a better chance of surviving?
What is the term for the unit of storing genetic information that codes for a specific trait?
What is the term for the unit of storing genetic information that codes for a specific trait?
What is the term for a group of genetically similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring?
What is the term for a group of genetically similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring?
What is the term for the process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis?
What is the term for the process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis?
What is the term for the average distance of all data points around the mean?
What is the term for the average distance of all data points around the mean?
Which sleep stage is characterized by bursts of sleep spindles and K-complexes?
Which sleep stage is characterized by bursts of sleep spindles and K-complexes?
What is the term for the brain regions that are active when a person is not focused on the outside world?
What is the term for the brain regions that are active when a person is not focused on the outside world?
What is the term for the 24-hour body clock regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hippocampus?
What is the term for the 24-hour body clock regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hippocampus?
What is the term for the phenomenon where participants do not pay attention to things that are not the focus of their attention?
What is the term for the phenomenon where participants do not pay attention to things that are not the focus of their attention?
What is the term for the capacity to become the object of one's own attention?
What is the term for the capacity to become the object of one's own attention?
What is the term for the recording of electrical activity in the brain as it relates to levels of alertness?
What is the term for the recording of electrical activity in the brain as it relates to levels of alertness?
What is the term for the sleep disorder characterized by falling asleep with no control?
What is the term for the sleep disorder characterized by falling asleep with no control?
According to the behaviorist model of mind, what is the main focus of study?
According to the behaviorist model of mind, what is the main focus of study?
According to the psychophysiological model of mind, what is the relationship between behavior and structures in the nervous system?
According to the psychophysiological model of mind, what is the relationship between behavior and structures in the nervous system?
According to monism, what is the relationship between the mind and the body?
According to monism, what is the relationship between the mind and the body?
According to the concept of operant conditioning, what are positive and negative reinforcement?
According to the concept of operant conditioning, what are positive and negative reinforcement?
According to the interaction problem, which group believes that consciousness is a function of the brain?
According to the interaction problem, which group believes that consciousness is a function of the brain?
Which sleep stage is characterized by brain activity similar to being awake and vivid dreams?
Which sleep stage is characterized by brain activity similar to being awake and vivid dreams?
According to Williams James, what is the main focus of functionalism?
According to Williams James, what is the main focus of functionalism?
Which stage of sleep is characterized by the highest brain activity resembling wakefulness and vivid dreams?
Which stage of sleep is characterized by the highest brain activity resembling wakefulness and vivid dreams?
What is the term for the recording of electrical activity in the brain as it relates to levels of alertness?
What is the term for the recording of electrical activity in the brain as it relates to levels of alertness?
According to Freud's psychoanalysis, what does unconscious meaning refer to in relation to behavior?
According to Freud's psychoanalysis, what does unconscious meaning refer to in relation to behavior?
According to the humanistic model of the mind, which part of the mind is associated with morality and the perfect self?
According to the humanistic model of the mind, which part of the mind is associated with morality and the perfect self?
According to Cartesian dualism, how does the mind control the body?
According to Cartesian dualism, how does the mind control the body?
According to the global workspace hypothesis, what is required for consciousness?
According to the global workspace hypothesis, what is required for consciousness?
According to Ockham's razor, what is the principle for choosing the best explanation for a phenomena?
According to Ockham's razor, what is the principle for choosing the best explanation for a phenomena?
Flashcards
Superego
Superego
In psychoanalytic theory, part of the personality representing internalized societal values and moral standards.
Founder of Psychology
Founder of Psychology
William James, a key figure in functionalism.
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Learning through association between stimuli.
John Watson
John Watson
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Cartesian Dualism
Cartesian Dualism
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Functionalism
Functionalism
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Behaviorism
Behaviorism
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Interaction Problem
Interaction Problem
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Idealists
Idealists
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Positive Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement
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Negative Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement
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Empiricism
Empiricism
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Monism
Monism
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Epiphenomenalism
Epiphenomenalism
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Interactionalism
Interactionalism
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Structuralism
Structuralism
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Functionalism (Purpose of Thought)
Functionalism (Purpose of Thought)
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Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt Psychology
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Behaviorism (Focus)
Behaviorism (Focus)
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Psychophysiological
Psychophysiological
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Psychoanalytic Theory
Psychoanalytic Theory
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Study Notes
Introduction to Psychology and Consciousness
- Psychology is the study of the human mind and behavior, based on empirical observation and experience.
- There are different theories regarding the relationship between the mind and the body, such as monism, dualism, epiphenomenalism, and interactionalism.
- Structuralism, founded by Wilhelm Wundt, focuses on the sensations of independent elements that make up consciousness.
- Functionalism, developed by William James, explores the purpose of thought and the stream of consciousness.
- Behaviorism, led by John Watson, is a biological approach that aims to control behavior through the study of animals and classical conditioning.
- The psychodynamic model, proposed by Sigmund Freud, suggests that all behavior stems from drives and reflexes, and that unconscious desires and conflicts play a role in shaping behavior.
- The mind-body problem refers to the question of how the mind and body interact, and different theories exist, including monism, neutral monism, and materialism.
- Consciousness is defined as awareness of our existence and thoughts, and it is a private experience that cannot be fully understood from another person's perspective.
- Unconsciousness refers to actions that occur without awareness, while self-awareness is the capacity to become the object of one's own attention.
- Different brain waves, such as alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves, are associated with different levels of alertness and sleep stages.
- Sleep stages include light sleep, deep sleep, and REM sleep, with each stage serving different functions, such as memory consolidation and physical restoration.
- Sleep disorders, such as insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, sleepwalking, night terrors, and REM sleep behavior disorder, can disrupt sleep patterns and impact overall well-being.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key figures and concepts in psychology, including the Superego, Behaviourist Model of Mind, Functionalism, and more. Explore the foundations of psychology and understand how these ideas have shaped the field.
