Values Development Presentation PDF

VALUES DEVELOPMENT  LESSON OBJECTIVES To be able to intruduce ROTC Cadets with certain facts about the Values Development TASK: To let the cadet/cadets define Values Development with actual participation. CONDITION: The cadet/cadets will be given demonstration, lecture and discussion S...

VALUES DEVELOPMENT  LESSON OBJECTIVES To be able to intruduce ROTC Cadets with certain facts about the Values Development TASK: To let the cadet/cadets define Values Development with actual participation. CONDITION: The cadet/cadets will be given demonstration, lecture and discussion STANDARD: According to the lecture given SCOPE OF THE LESSON Personhood Development Psychological Theories Career Development and Work Values Values Integration in the School System Behavioral Statistics  Values is derived from the Latin word Valere, which means to be worth or to be strong. A thinghas value when it is perceived to be in intrinsically good and desirable to develop aa value isto acquire it gradually, and by successive changes, to move from the original position to oneproviding one opportunity for effective use. Thus, values development is the act, process, orresult of developing values for human dignity. Values are the basis of judging what attitudes and behavior are correct and desirable and whatare not. It is therefore crucial that there be an appropriate framework as well as strategy for providing the context and operational guidelines for implementing a values education program.  PERSONHOOD DEVELOPMENT  PERSONHOOD DEVELOPMENT Personhood can be defined as the status or quality or being a person. What makes a human being a person is controversial and can be debated from different sociocultural political and philosophical perspectives but personhood in its essence is simply being a person. Personhood development is the process of creating a sense of identity and understanding of oneself. PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES  PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES In psychology, theories are used to provide a model for understanding human thoughts, emotions, and behaviors Throughout psychology’s history, several theories have been proposed to explain and predict various aspects of human behavior. A Psychological theory has two key components: 1. It must describe a behavior. 2. It must make predictions about future behavior.  DIFFERENT TYPES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES 1.Development Theories Theories of development provide a framework for thinking about human growth, development, and learning. If you have ever wondered about what motivates human thought and behavior, understanding these theories can provide useful insight into individuals and society.  2. GRAND THEORIES Grand theories are those comprehensive ideas often proposed by major thinkers suchas Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, and Jean Piaget. Grand theories of developmentinclude psychoanalytic theory, learning theory, and cognitive theory. These theories seek to explain much of human behavior but are often considered outdatedand incomplete in the face of modern research. Psychologists and researchers often usegrand theories as a basis for exploration but consider smaller theories and recent research as well.  3. MINI THEORIES Mini theories describe a small, very particular aspect of development. A mini theory mightexplain relatively narrow behaviors, such as how self-esteem is formed or early childhoodsocialization. These theories are often rooted in the ideas established by grand theories, butthey do not seek to describe and explain the whole of human behavior and growth. 4. EMERGENT THEORIES Emergent theories are those that have been created relatively recently and are often formed by systematically combining various mini theories. These theories draw on research and ideas from different disciplines but are not yet as broad or far- reaching as grand theories. The sociocultural theory proposed by Lev Vygotsky is a good example of an emergent theory of development.  EXAMPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY THEORIES 1.Behavioral Theories Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Advocated by famous psychologists such as John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner, behavioral theories dominated psychology during the early half of the twentieth century. Today, behavioral techniques are still widely used by therapists to help clients learn new skills and behaviors  Cognitive Theories Cognitive theories of psychology are focused on internal states, such as motivation, problem-solving, decision-making, thinking, and attention. Such theories strive to explain differentmental processes including how the mind processes information. Humanistic Theories Humanistic psychology theories began to grow in popularity during the 1950s.While earliertheories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems, humanist theoriesinstead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. Some of the major humanisttheorists included Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow  Personality Theories Personality psychology looks at the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior that make aperson unique. Some of the best-known theories in psychology are devoted to the subject ofpersonality, including the trait theory of personality, the "big 5" theory of personality, andErikson's theory of psychosocial development Social Psychology Theories Social psychology is focused on helping us understand and explain social behavior. Social theories are generally centered on specific social phenomena, including group behavior, prosocial behavior, social influence, love and much more  CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND WORK VALUES  Work Values Work Values In career development theory and counseling, vocational fitness is generally accepted to be the result of congruence between the characteristics of occupations and the individual differences among people. Abilities, skills, and interests were the individual differences traditionally thought to be most salient. Recently, a third set of personal variables has been entered into career theory: work values, or preferences for aspects of a job, occupation, or career. Many other kinds of work values are of interest, tapping such constructs as respect for others, the primacy of family, honesty, living frugally, and the like.  Assessing Work Values Over the years, there have been many inquiries into the nature of work values in counselingand industrial psychology. The concept of work values harkens back to the early studies of jobsatisfaction, in which it was found that job characteristics such as pay, safety, or working hourscould be valued differentially and summed into a single index of satisfaction. It followednaturally to inquire into differential valuing of various attributes of an occupation or a career.  VALUES INTEGRATION IN THE SCHOOL SYSTEM a. To assist the student in Identifying Examining Changing these values if he so decides as long as these values do not impinge on the rights of others b. To develop the student’s potentials to the fullest; to assist him/her to be a fully human person. The Nature of Values: Moral values-natural law; “Do good and avoid evil.” Clearly defined values give meaning to human activity The systematic development of values requires a methodological support which cannot be neutral. It demands discussion, processing, reflection, and actions.  The Concept of Values Integration Values Integration is a channel of values development through the teaching-learning activities in the different learning areas. The starting point of values integration is the nature of the learning areas and their unique contribution as bodies of knowledge. Teachers first identify the concepts to be developed in the lesson; then, develops the values inherent in the subject The Concept of Values Integration Values Integration does not mean quoting a value and discussing it BEHAVIORAL STATISTICS  The term "behavioral statistics" is generally used to refer to the use of statistics in the study of psychology. The only difference between behavioral statistics and the study of statistics in general is that behavioral statistics courses focus only on those statistics that will be of use toa psychologist. How statistics are used in psychology? Statistics allow psychologists to present data in ways that are easier to comprehend....Psychologists use the data they have collected to test a hypothesis. Using statistical analysis, researchers can determine the likelihood that a hypothesis should be either accepted or rejected. THANK YOU