History and Basic Development of Pedagogy Presentation PDF

History and basic developement of pedagogy  Historical background Ancient education Christian education - Knight education (constitution of a new – feudal society; seven of knight virtues – horse riding, fencing, archery, wrestling, hunting, poetry, chess) - Denomination schools (...

History and basic developement of pedagogy  Historical background Ancient education Christian education - Knight education (constitution of a new – feudal society; seven of knight virtues – horse riding, fencing, archery, wrestling, hunting, poetry, chess) - Denomination schools (foundings of Jesuit colleges and so on) Except of religion, there were a trivium (grammar, rhetoric a dialektic) and kvadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music) as parts of an education  The late medieval age Municipal schools - practical orientation (skills of armourers, sailors, farmers, hunters etc.) Universities (Bologna, Naples, Oxford, Cambridge, Paris, Salamanca) - mainly theoretical orientation (sciences)  Renaissance and humanism Revitalization of ancient tradition (kalokagathia) Interest about human health (for example an interest about prevention and therapy via physical activity and motion) Boom of universities  Jan Amos Komenský (1592 – 1670) Respect to the life Reciprocal tolerance and understanding to people A sence for a honest life at all levels of society and in all roles Division of a day - 8-hours cycles (work, active rest, sleep)  Writings General Consultation on an Improvement of All Things Human (an attempt to create a complete educational system as a tool of correction (pansophia) and education (pampadia) The Visible World in Pictures (an analysis of an effect of games and physical exercises) Informatorium of Nursery School (a manual for parents) The Gate of Languages Unlocked (a textbook of foreign languages) The Great Didactic …..  John Locke (1632 – 1704) Several thoughts about education Main goal: to prepare an English gentleman to his future job (only for higher social classes, other have to learn the job of their parents and then work)  Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712 – 1778) Émil: or, on Education – a recomendation for all social classes An education via an institution – parents are not able to care about their children adequately Mainly physical education – only natural activities (health mind can exists only in a strong body)  Filanthropists A new pedagogic course – origins in the Enlightenment Johann Bernhard Basedow (1729 – 1790) - Way outs - humanistic opinions - The main goal – educated cosmopolitan - He offered an education to all classes (Philanthropium – Dessau) - Different incentives (trips and excursions) - Teaching mainly in nature, centre in knight skills and common motions + swimming  Other filanthropists J.Ch. Guts-Muts (1759 – 1839) – a system of physical education coming from an ancient education - A conception of a military education (running, jumping, discus throw, plebeian games, lifting and carrying of a burden, seriál exercises, military and warior games etc.) J.H. Pestalozzi (1746 – 1827) – an education to an active manual work and joining with natural children games - An author of joint exercises  Recent time Many of different ways of pedagogy - General education - Dalton plan - Montessori - Natural (forest) nursery - Waldorf school - etc. Pedagogical contribution of chosen social movements (especially in the Czech republic)  Sokol movement Late 50´s (19th century) – the release of political and national conditions in central Europe =) origin of many associations - economical, musical, theatrical etc. - Prague gymnastic unity (1862) – a predecessor of Prague Sokol - founders: Miroslav Tyrš (1832 – 1884) Jindřich Fügner (1822 – 1865) Other important officials: Grégr brothers, Adolf Hájek, Rudolf Turn-Taxis Paralel to Prague gymnastic unity there was born also Prague man Turner´s association  Prof. Dr. Miroslav Tyrš A philosopher and aesthetician Later the professor at Charle University in Prague A member of a Youngbohemian movement – a candidate to an Austrian council An admiror of an ideal of ancient kalokagathia Since 1871 a head of Sokol (Falcon) journal An author of Falcon declaration: „Our mission, course and goal“ Main writing „An olympic throw“ (Hod olympický) – a return to ancient Olympic games (many years before Coubertin)  Basis of physical education (according to Tyrš) An explaration os Falcon gymnastic system 1.Exercises withou apparatus and help or oppositon of others 2.Apparatus exercises 3.Exercises doable (feasible) only by help of others (group exercises) 4.Combat exercises (resistances, wrestling, boxing, fencing)  Further development 60´s of the 19th century – an origin of Falcon clubs in many of Czech cities =) an idea of nationwide Falcon organisation Idea filling untill 1889 – an origin of Czech Falcon community (ČOS) 1892 – Moravian-Silesian Falcon community 1904 - unification in ČOS  Falcon festivals The top of all Falcon doing 1st Falcon festival - 1882, later took place only irregularly Festivals help to an international overhang of Falcon association and to founding of foreign Falcon associations (POL, BG, SLO, RUS, SRB, FRG, USA) 1912 – The Unity of Slavic Falcons 1869 – setting out of The Association of Ladies and Girls of Prague (Hanušová) – 1st independent Czech woman gymnastic association  Pedagogical contributions of Falcon organisation Systematic influencing of a human Working not only with the youth, but also with all other age groups Emphasis on a personal development Collective consciousness Normative influencing on a human Amoroso´s gymnastic exercises Marquis F. A Sotelo (1770 – 1846) - Originaly a head of The Military Sport Institute in Madrid - Foundation of modern gymnastic institution in Paris - The conception of exercise on the anatomical and physiological basis - He established an evidence of gymnasts and kept records of them - Natural exercises  Hébert´s exrcises George Hébert (1875 – 1957) - He was influenced by Demény – natural exercises, mainly motions important for life - Basic exercises unit (20 – 60 min. and permanently in motion – according to a level of advancement of gymnasts) - Writings: mainly The Code of Power (1911) – it contains tables of performance and tests serving to measuring of performance - To the Manliness and the Morality via Physical Education by the Way of Natural Method (3 groups of physical exercises – main, preparatory and complementary) Pierre de Coubertin (1863 – 1937) and the olympic idea - Instead of of military (traditional education for aristocrats), he studied the law, pedagogy and history - The first public idea oriented on a restoration of the Olympic games – 1892 (an university lecture) - Congress in Paris (1894) – The decision to restore the Olympic games - Questions to solve: four-year cycle, what to put into the Games, amateur or professional etc. - Problems with finances, but they were succesfully managed – finally profit - First Olympic Games – 1896 Athens  Pedagogical contribution of the Olympism Recent world became closer Multiculturality Cultural enrichment Fair-play „Amateurisms “ – sportily underdeveloped countries Motivation of majority of inhabitants to sport A positive identification with sport symbols and icons Kalokagathia Recently the Olympic Academy Thank you for your attention !