PR2-LAS-WEEK-1-2-2 (2).pdf

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Learning Materials ILOILO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL- SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH DEPARTMENT https://www.google.com/search?q=transparent+research+clipart&tbm=isch&hl=en&chips=q:transparent+research+cli...

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 Learning Materials ILOILO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL- SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH DEPARTMENT https://www.google.com/search?q=transparent+research+clipart&tbm=isch&hl=en&chips=q:transparent+research+clipart,online_chips:research+paper+clipar t:P28JaCFIqAw%3D,online_chips:kissclipart:VaXdn6xbnLw%3D&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj46tLWis_5AhVFEqYKHbK9CbIQ4lYoBXoECAEQMQ&biw=1333&bih=644#i mgrc=DNknimyQ3PGaMM YOLLY B. SUERTE JOSIE MARIE C. HUM DR. RONILO V. APONTE Learning Resource Developers Student’s Name: _____________________________________________ Grade & Section: ____________________________________________ MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES NATURE OF RESEARCH AND INQUIRY 1. Describe characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research; 2. Illustrate the importance of quantitative research across fields; 3. Differentiate kinds of variables and their uses; 4. Design a research used in daily life.  Page 1 of 17 Characteristics of Quantitative Research Concept Notes Get ready to check the information below! If you have internet access, you may gather more information about them. WHAT IS RESEARCH? It is a systematic, controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of hypothetical propositions about the presumed relations among natural phenomena (Kerlinger,1973). WHAT IS QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH?  systematic or step by step investigation of observable phenomena by gathering  quantifiable data (numbers)and performing statistical, mathematical or computational techniques.  results are in the form of numbers which were gathered from  selected respondents through on line surveys, online polls, questionnaires, etc. CHARACTERISTICS Purpose  test of hypothesis  look at cause and effect  make predictions  To seek common, representative features Samples   Large and randomly selected samples to produce generalizable results.  The respondents are randomly selected (Equal chance of each member of a population to  be selected as one of the respondents) using the appropriate sampling technique. Ex. 185 respondents were randomly chosen to participate in the study Criteria to identify respondents   Only the representative or part of the entire population will participate in the study by determining the sample size. Ex. Out of 348 populations in Sitio A, only 185 respondents were randomly selected to represent the entire population in the conduct of the study. The sample size was determined using the simple random technique (fishbowl method). Design of method   Systematic- done in a step by step manner   The conduct of the study is organized. Ex. Before performing the laboratory experiment, the researcher should see to it that the problem is well defined, the hypothesis to be tested is clear, the related literature is available and reliable, the materials needed are feasible, etc. so that smooth conduct of the study will be achieved. Data collection approach  Structured response category approach  Choices are already given for the respondents to choose from like that of a Likert Scale. ITEMS Ex. 1. I am interested in solving numbers and equations SA A D SD 2. I enjoy using calculators. SA A D SD Legend: SA- Strongly Agree A -Agree D -Disagree SD- Strongly Disagree Type of data collected   Number and statistics-descriptive data are given corresponding numerical values. Ex. SEX: STRAND: Male – 1 ABM - 1 GAS - 2 Female- 2 HUMSS - 3 STEM - 4 This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 1|Page  Page 2 of 17 Form of data collected  Quantitative data are collected based on precise measurements using  structured and validated data-collection instruments.    The data collected are inthe form of numbers since textual descriptions were  given numerical values. Ex. Out of 185 respondents, 92 are females and 93 are males. 54 females strongly agree that they enjoy using calculators, 21 said that they agree and 17 answered that they disagree to enjoy using calculators. Role of the researcher  Their biases are not known to the participants in the study, and participant  characteristics are hidden from the researcher.  The researcher is not aware of who will be the respondents of the study. He/ She is just aware of the group and number of respondents who will participate but not with the specific individuals.  Research independence  Uninvolved observer, results are objective Results   Generalizable findings that can be applied to other populations Ex. The result of the study conducted to 185 respondents can be true to 348 total members of the population Source: Arcinas, M. M., (2016). Applied Research: An Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods and Report Writing. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House Inc.p6-8 Summarized Characteristics of Quantitative Research Replicability Use of the same instruments to different subjects and venue Ex. Research instrument used to determine the attitude of STEM students towards Math can be used to ABM students to measure also their attitude towards Math. Empirical Based on direct experience or observation. The data gathered are from actual conduct of the study, not from theory or logic. Ex. Joy conducted a study on the attitude of G11 ABM students towards Math. Whatever data will be gathered by Joy will be used in analyzing, finding the result, and drawing conclusion. Objective Unbiased Ex. During the distribution and answering of the instrument, the researcher should not influence the respondents with his/her personal feelings or opinions by convincing the respondents to answer what the researcher wants. Controlled Variables being studied are within the scope of the study. Ex. If Joy’s study is about the attitude of ABM students towards Math, she should focus only on the attitude towards Math. No need to include other variables like difficulties encountered, academic performance and others. Analytical Utilize proven analytical procedures. Ex. In analyzing the data gathered by Joy in her study, she can use appropriate statistical tools like mean, or standard deviation in order to come up with the correct result/answer to the research questions. Logical/ Done in an orderly manner. Systematic Ex. In conducting research, Joy followed correct and reliable procedure to come up with precise and accurate result. Critical Exhibits careful and precise judgment Ex. After thorough analysis of data gathered, Joy came up with the result of the study. She drew conclusion and made some recommendations based on the results and not from theory. Cyclical Research starts with a problem and ends in a problem. Ex. At the beginning, Joy came up with a research gap/ problem that she wanted to find solution. After conducting the experiment, finding the result, drawing conclusion, and making some recommendations, another problem arises that needed to be solved. This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 2|Page  Page 3 of 17 Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research STRENGTHS of Quantitative Research  1. It can be REPLICATED or repeated in other contexts. Conducting a previous study to the present with the same methodology but with different subjects or respondents”  2. It provides findings that are GENERALIZABLE to large population. The results do not only represent the samples but also the population at a larger scale.  3. It can establish CAUSALITY more conclusively.  It looks at the connections between variables (independent and dependent) and establishes unquestionable cause and effect relationships.  Independent variable- cause variable/being manipulated  Dependent variable- effect variable/ being measured   4. It can MAKE PREDICTIONS based on numerical, quantifiable data. It can create forecasts based on the data gathered expressed in numbers and not from a theory.  Data analysis using statistical software is faster. Analysis of data can be done by using computer software such as SPSS or PASW. Data-gathering techniques are typically  less demanding compared with   those in qualitative research. Data gathering can be done simultaneously to the selected respondents of the study. Common quantitative methods in data collection are used  like telephone interviews, online surveys, etc.   5. It has a LOW DEGREE OF SUBJECTIVITY. Respondents are randomly selected to avoid bias. The researcher should remain neutral as possible and distanced from what he/she studies so findings depend on the nature of what was studied rather than on the personality, belief and values of the researcher.   6.  Its VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY CAN BE MEASURED. WEAKNESSES of Quantitative Research  1.It cannot adequately provide in-depth  information necessary for describing and explaining a complex phenomenon. Since the questionnaire and responses are structured or given already, no further explanation is required to justify the chosen answer of the respondent.  2. It lacks the ability to provide a comprehensive textual description of human experiences. Quantitative research focuses on collected data and findings that are in the form of numbers about a specific phenomenon from potential respondents.  3.Numerical data may be insufficient in analyzing intangible factors,such as gender roles, socioeconomic status, and social norms of a given population. Numbers are not enough to analyze some factors especially those intangible or  those which cannot be touched like feelings or emotions. 4. It has less flexibility in terms of study design   5.Responses of participants are strictly limited to what has been asked. These responses may not be extensive in some cases.  Responses are based only on what is provided in the questionnaire. 6.Self-reported data may not be very accurate as respondents may have the tendency  to underestimate or overestimate their skills and behavior during self-assessment tasks. The manner of gauging or appraising themselves honestly and accurately is hampered due to personal reasons. Thus, respondents should be informed of the high degree of confidentiality of the information and the importance of the  information they divulged. Source: Barrot, J..S. (2007). Practical Research 2 for Senior High School. 839EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc. This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 3|Page  Page 4 of 17 Kinds of Quantitative Research Survey Research    most fundamental research tool   used to ask questions to a sample of respondents, using various types such as online polls, online surveys, paper questionnaires, web-intercept surveys, etc.    an organization can ask multiple survey questions, collect data from a pool of customers and analyze this collected data to produce numerical  results   It is important that the people questioned are sampled at random. This allows for more accurate findings across a greater spectrum of respondents.    Descriptive Research  Used to determine the extent or direction of attitudes or  behaviors  Gathers more informationon certain characteristics within  a particular field of study  Use of rating scales and other means to measure the  variables as they occur   Provides a picture of a situation as it naturally happens  May be used to develop theories, identify problems with a current practice, justify current practices, aid in making professional judgments or determine what other practitioners in similar situations are doing. Variables: Variables are measured as they occur. Experimental Manipulation: Experimental manipulation is not used. Data Collection Technique: Questionnaire, Observation Sample Studies:  Assessing Nurses’ Attitudes Toward Death and Caring for  Dying Patients in a Comprehensive Cancer Center (Lange, Thom, & Kline, 2008)  The Level of Academic Achievement of Young Adults from Dysfunctional Families   Correlational Research Goal: To determine the nature of relationship between variables without looking into the cause. Characteristics:  Used to investigate the direction and magnitude  of relationships  among variables in a particular population.  Correlation,  association, relationship Variables: Variables are measured as they occur. Experimental Manipulation: Experimental manipulation is not used. Data Collection Technique: Questionnaire, Observation, Tests Sample Studies:  The Relationship Between Service Quality and Customer satisfaction in the Telecommunication Industry: Evidence from  Nigeria (Ojo, 2010)  Relationship Between School Stressors and Personality of Senior High School Students   Ex post facto(Causal-comparative Research)    Mainly depends on the factor of comparison  The independent variable is established but not manipulated and its  impact on the dependent variable is observed. Conducted irrespective of the type of relation that exists between two  or more variables.   Variables or groups must be formed as they exist in the natural set up.  The dependent and independent variables will always exist in a group This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 4|Page  Page 5 of 17 For example, a researcher is interested in how weight influences self-esteem levels in adults. So the participants would be separated into differing groups (underweight, normal weight, overweight) and their self- esteem levels measured. This is an ex post facto because a pre-existing characteristic (weight) was used to form the groups. Variables: Groups exposed to the presumed cause are compared with those who are not exposed to it. Experimental Manipulation: Experimental manipulation is not used. Data Collection Technique: Questionnaire Sample Studies:  Comparison of Personal, Social and Academic Variables Related to University  Drop-out rate and Persistence (Bernardo, et al., 2016)  Effects of Instagram on the Visual Literacy of Teenager     Quasi-experimental Research   Respondents are not randomly assigned; Intact  (established) groups are used.  Provides limited conclusiveness in establishing causal  relationship between variables  Match-paired is a form of quasi-experimental assignment of subjects. Variables: At least one variable is manipulated to determine the effect of the manipulation. Experimental Manipulation: Experimental manipulation may have limited use. Sample Study:  The Impact of Smoking Bans on Smoking and Consumer Behavior: Quasi- experimental Evidence from Switzerland (Boes, Marti, & Maclean, 2014)   Experimental Research  Also known as true experimentation, this research method is  reliant on a theory/ies.   Analysis is done around proving or disproving the statement. This research method is used in natural sciences.    There can be multiple theories in experimental research. A  theory is a statement which can be verified or refuted.  Intact groups are not used; Individual subjects are randomly  assigned to the treatment and control groups.  The random assignment of individual subject provides more conclusiveness as to the causal relationships between the variables.  Effects of Mobile Technology Use on Walking (Perlmutters, et  al., 2014)  Problem-based Learning Approach Effect in the Performance of Learners in Biology 1 Source: Barrot, J..S. (2007). Practical Research 2 for Senior High School. 839EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc. This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 5|Page  Page 6 of 17 Importance of Quantitative Research Across Fields BROADER EXAMPLE/S FIELD OR DISCIPLINE TOPIC OF INTEREST Traffic Awareness, - Drivers’ awareness of traffic rules and regulations to be Management Knowledge, and observed; and knowledge on recent policy and guidelines in Science Attitudes acquiring driver’s license, traffic rules, and regulations, etc. Psychology Mental and - Ease the management of individuals with mental and emotional emotional health health issues due to development of new strategies and conditions programs. Business Job - Employers have close monitoring of the job performance of their Management Performance, employees; Employees have the idea if their clients/customers are Job Satisfaction satisfied with their performance in their respective jobs; and and Decision- Owners and employers can make better decisions on how to making improve their services. Education Impact on -New trends and developments in education system were learning introduced; K-12 Curriculum was materialized; Blended learning, modular approach, online learning, etc. were recommended for the “new normal”; and use of internet, multi-media and facilitated learning were introduced. Marketing Salability of the - Survey provides feedbacks for improvements in the products; product New marketing strategies and modes of advertising the products are introduced and practiced to reach the target market; and awareness of entrepreneurs and consumers on the latest trends of products. Political Survey on the -Through conducting survey to a sample, political analysts have Science winability of the idea/determine who among the candidates have the chance of presidential winning the election race; and They will find strategies/tactics on candidates how to win the election. Demography Trend analysis -Determine trends in human population such as statistics in births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease. Sociology Impact analysis -Community are aware of the social problems such as poverty, insurgency, religious faith, economic development and others. Social Probing questions -Allows to explore and study social arrangements, human Inquiry that are of social behavior, and forms of social, political, and economic nature organization. Arts Methods to -Artists are updated of the latest trends in arts; They have enhance one’s developed new strategies to hone one’s talent/skill in arts and to creativity improve one’s creativity; and novel and unique creative works were introduced. ICT Trends and -Improvement in the mode of communicating; and Introduction tendencies in the and use of updated gadgets and other forms of technology. use of information technology Agriculture Influence of - Development of new strains of rice, corn and other agricultural and Fisheries global trends in products to withstand abrupt changes in climate and weather; agriculture and introduction of ways to improve agricultural and fisheries products to sustain global demands. Science Development of - of latest technology (ex. CT scan, ultrasound) in the Use (Medicine) new medicines, detection of diseases; development of new medicines and treatment and vaccines to combat diseases; and use of laser in performing approaches to surgical procedures instead of incision. address health problems Sports Relationship - Conduct of physical check- up before allowing an athlete to join between one’s the game/s; and improved policies and guidelines in different health and athletic sports were developed. performance This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 6|Page  Page 7 of 17 Worksheets It’s time to test yourself! Name: _________________________ Strand & Section: ____________________ Date: __________________________ Teacher: ___________________________ WORKSHEET #1 Characteristics of Quantitative Research A. DIRECTION: Put a check ( /) if the statement describes quantitative research. _________1. Personal interaction of the researcher with his/her respondents is part of the research process. _________2. Data are usually expressed in numbers. _________3. The respondents are randomly selected using the appropriate sampling technique. _________4. Data and results are presented in texts, images and pictures. _________5. It can be repeated in a different context. B. DIRECTION: Write S on the blank if a quantitative approach is suitable for the given question and N if it is not. _________1. What are the challenges experienced by student-athletes? _________2. Do online materials enhance the computer skills of students? _________3. Is there a relationship between milk consumption and incidence of osteoporosis? _________4. What are the experiences of police officers in arresting criminals? _________5. What are the study habits of public school students? C. DIRECTION: Read the situation and answer the questions that follow. SITUATION: Jose is attending his practical research class. They were asked to look for a researchable topic of interest. As an animal lover and a future veterinarian, he was interested to focus on this topic. He scrolled the internet for possible related study that can be used as basis for the possible instrument. He wanted to find out if STEM learners are aware of the Animal Welfare Act and to what extent is their knowledge about it. He adopted the 20 item 4-point Likert Scale questionnaire. He validated the instruments and administered them to grade 11 and 12 learners with a sample of 250. He further determined whether awareness of learners based on grade level do not vary according to grade level. He found out that grade 12 learners are more aware. Questions: 1. When Jose adopted the questionnaire from a published study, he just had proven one characteristics of quantitative research as_____________________________________. 2. Drawing information from the experiences and observation of learners on the Animal Welfare Act makes quantitative research__________________________________________. 3. Jose’s love for animal didn’t affect the findings of the study thus, quantitative research is ____________________________________________________________ 4. Since Jose drew information from the data collected from his study, it makes quantitative research a___________________________________________________________. 5. Jose followed the orderly process of quantitative research thus, it’s ____________________. Please detach this page and submit to your subject teacher in PR 2. This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 7|Page  Page 8 of 17 Name: __________________________________ Strand & Section: ________________ Date: ___________________________________Teacher: ________________________ WORKSHEET #2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Quantitative Research DIRECTION: Write True if the statement is correct and False, if otherwise. __________1. Quantitative research can provide in-depth information necessary for describing and explaining a complex phenomenon. __________2. It has the ability to provide a comprehensive textual description of human experiences. __________3. It has less flexibility in terms of study design. __________4. In quantitative research, responses of participants are strictly limited to what has been asked. __________5. One of the weaknesses of quantitative research is that, self-reported data may not be very accurate because respondents have the tendency to underestimate or overestimate their skills and behavior. WORKSHEET # 3 Kinds of Quantitative Research DIRECTION: Fill in the table below with the appropriate answer. Write legibly. TITLE KIND OF QUANTITAIVE CLUES RESEARCH 1.ICT Assisted-Biology Course: Its Impact on Cognition and Motivation of GAS Learners 2.Relationship Between Thriftiness and Entrepreneurial Skills 3.Post-assessment in the Effects of Earthquake Experience on the DRRM Preparedness of Learners 4. Level of Learners’ Environmental Accountability Among Senior High School (SHS) 5. Effects of Demonstration Activity to the Performance in Chemistry of Two Intact Groups of Learners *Please detach this page and submit to your subject teacher in PR 2. This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 8|Page  Page 9 of 17 Name: _____________________________ Strand & Section: _____________________ Date: ______________________________Teacher: _____________________________ WORKSHEET #4 Importance of Quantitative Research across Fields DIRECTION: Specify the importance of quantitative research to the different fields of study identified below. Cite specific examples. Area Practical Importance and Example Education Medicine Engineering Information and Communications Technology Business and Accounting *Please detach this page and submit to your subject teacher in PR 2. REFERENCES Arcinas, M.M. (2016). Applied research: An introduction to quantitative research methods and report writing. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House Inc., pp 6-8. Barrot, J.S. (2017). Practical research 2 for senior high school. 839EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc. Cristobal, Jr., A. P & Cristobal, M. C. D. (2017). Practical research 2 for senior high school. 839EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc. Freepik Company. (2010-2020). Retrieved from https://www.flaticon.com/ https://methods.sagepub.com/ https://www.alleydog.com/ https://www.google.com/ Kerlinger, F. N. (1973). Foundations of behavioral research. 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 11. This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 9|Page  Page 10 of 17 KINDS OF VARIABLES AND THEIR USES Concept Notes Get ready to check the information below! If you have internet access, you may gather more information about them. VARIABLE   Any element or entity which can be measured for quantity or quality.  In conducting a research study, it is important to identify the variables or factors that affect the study. QUANTITATIVE VARIABLES  A variable is defined as a quantity susceptible of fluctuation or change in value or magnitude under different conditions.  Can be measured numerically.  A “target measurement” or “outcome” of your problem statement. Two Types of Quantitative Variables:   Ex.: Number of children in the family, income  Discrete variables – can be counted; denoted  by positive whole numbers and not described in ranges.    Ex.: frequency of behavior and group sizes; number of children in the family; number of absences in the workplace; number of tardiness in the class. Continuous variables – measured in ranges; can be denoted by non-whole numbers; can have   positive or negative values; can be expressed in fractions. 1. Interval variables The difference between two points on a scale is the same. Can have a negative value. i. Ex. Test scores in range, temperature in Fahrenheit 2. Ratio variables are a special type of continuous variable; can’t have a negative value. Zero means none of that variable. i. Ex.: age, height, weight, distance, and test scores. QUALITATIVE VARIABLES Referred to as categorical variables despite lacking numerical values, these variables can still be used in quantitative research by assigning values to specific categories or groups (e.g., blood type, color) Three types of categorical variables: 1. Dichotomous(binary) variables are those that have two distinct categories or values. Ex.: “yes/no question”. 2. Nominal variables are those variables with more than two categories. Ex.: hair color, marital status, blood type, mode of transportation, source of income, and citizenship. 3. Ordinal variables are variables that exhibit the characteristics of both quantitative and qualitative types; i. has values that can be ranked or ordered; ii. These values can be numerical or can be arranged into specific non-numerical classes. Ex.: frequency is described as rare, seldom, sometimes, almost always, or always; values of ratings are denoted as A+, A, B+, or B; and high, medium, & low. This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 10 | P a g e  Page 11 of 17 Levels of Measurement: 1. Nominal Scale –denotes qualitative attributes of the variables. There are no numbers associated with these variables because they are categories or classification. Ex. Religion, favorite movie, and brand of shirt 2. Ordinal Scale - refers to the order or rank of a measurement. It is best used when measuring non-numerical concepts like happiness or satisfaction. However, ordinal scales are limited in the sense that the difference between each measurement cannot be quantified. Ex. size of shirt and level of depression 3. Interval Scale - are numerical scales in which the exact difference between two values is known. It is often used to account for the differences between each value. Researchers oftentimes construct or devise equal-interval scales of measurement for opinions and attitudes. This is done so that data obtained from equal – interval scales can be subjected to statistical procedures such as calculating means and standard deviations. Ex. Test scores in range and age in range 4. Ratio Scale - has the properties of nominal, ordinal, and interval scales. It also possesses a true zero scale. A true zero is the point where none of the qualities being measured exists. Ratio scales can be meaningfully added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided. A wide array of statistical procedures can be applied to ratio data such as the calculation of mean, median, and standard. Ex. height, weight, and distance VARIABLES classification according to purpose or role ……evident in Experimental Research 1. Independent Variable This is the stimulus variable which is chosen by the researcher to determine the relationship to an observed phenomenon.  The variable consider to affect the dependent variable (cause).  2. Dependent Variable This is the response variable which is observed and measured to determine the effect of the independent variable.  The  variable examined for changes (effect).  NOTE: in non-experimental research kinds of quantitative research refrain from using the terms: IV and DV. Example: A study on the effects of using Microsoft Word on the writing performance of the students. Independent Variable: Use of Microsoft Word Dependent Variable: Writing Performance of Students OTHER TYPES OF VARIABLES 1. Moderator Variable. This is a secondary or special type of independent variable chosen by the researcher to determine if it changes or modifies the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. 2. Control Variable. This is the variable that is controlled by the investigator in which the effects can be neutralized by eliminating or removing the variable. 3. Intervening Variable. This is a variable which interferes with the independent and dependent variables, but its effects can either strengthen or weaken the independent and dependent variables. 4. Extraneous Variable. It is not categorized as IV or DV in a study. It is the undesired variable that can influence the results of an experiment. Know these variables in the study to lessen its effect. 5. Confounding Variable. It is a special type of extraneous variable that the researcher fails to control and threatens the validity of an experiment’s procedure. It might have a relationship with the DV not the IV. This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 11 | P a g e  Page 12 of 17 Worksheets It’s time to test yourself! Name: __________________________ Strand & Section: _________________ Date: ___________________________Teacher: _________________________ WORKSHEET #5 A. IDENTIFYING QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE VARIABLE DIRECTION: Identify the following variables as QUALITATIVE or QUANTITATIVE 1. Height _____________________________ 2. Gender _____________________________ 3. Highest educational attainment _____________________________ 4. Average grade point average (GPA) _____________________________ 5. Body type (slim, moderate, or obese) _____________________________ B. LEVEL OF MEASUREMENTS DIRECTION: On the space provided before each number, write N - if the variable is Nominal O - if Ordinal R - if Ratio I - if Interval ______ 1. Military title ______ 2. Feeling for today ______ 3. Birthplace ______ 4. Year Level ______ 5. Favorite type of music *Please detach this page and submit to your subject teacher in PR 2. This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 12 | P a g e  Page 13 of 17 Name: _____________________________ Strand & Section: _____________________ Date: ______________________________ Teacher: _____________________________ WORKSHEET #6 IDENTIFYNG INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES DIRECTION: Identify the independent and dependent variables in the title given. Write your answer in the space provided. 1. Organizational Commitment and Teaching Performance of Elementary Teachers in the District of Pililia, Rizal Independent: ______________________________________________________ Dependent: ____________________________________________________ 2. Conceptual, Interpersonal and Technical Skills of Bank Manager: Their Relationship to Operational Efficiency Independent: ______________________________________________________ Dependent: ____________________________________________________ 3. Increasing mathematics Achievement Through Conceptualized and Localized Materials Independent:_______________________________________________________ Dependent: _____________________________________________________ 4. Impact of Blended Learning on Student Achievement in Social Studies Independent:____________________________________________________ Dependent: ____________________________________________________ 5. Effectiveness of Exposing Students in Classical Music on Reading Comprehension Independent:______________________________________________________ Dependent:____________________________________________________ Source: Faltado III, et.al. Practical 2 Quantitative Research. Quezon City. LORIMAR Publishing, Inc. REFERENCES Barrot, J.S. (2017). Practical Research 2 for Senior High School. 839EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc. Baraceros, E.L. (2017). Practical Research 2. Manila, Philippines-Rex Book Store Cristobal, Jr., A. P & Cristobal, M. C. D. (2017). Practical research 2 for senior high school. 839EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc. Faltado, III. R. E et. al. (2016). Practical Research 2 Quantitative Research. Quezon City LORIMAR Publishing, Inc. https://study.com/quiz &worksheet/. research variables https://quizizz.com/identifyingvariablea/.types of research variables *Please detach this page and submit to your subject teacher in PR 2. This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 13 | P a g e  Page 14 of 17 DESIGNING RESEARCH USEFUL IN EVERY LIFE Concept Notes Get ready to check the information below! If you have internet access, you may gather more information about them. Keen observation of any topic that captures your interest is a potential source of a researchable topic. Below are some instances that can give you an idea that something is researchable: 1. No solutions are available to answer the research gap or the problem assessed. Example: A drug that can kill a virus. 2. Tentative solutions are available but not yet tested and not known by the practitioner. Example: Effective therapy for the complete treatment of cancer 3. Answers, solutions, or results are seemingly not tested or are factually contradictory. Example: Contradiction on the use of anti-malaria drug as possible treatment to COVID-19 disease. 4. A phenomenon exists which requires explanation. Example: Effect of quarantine to the mental health of people 5. There are several possible and plausible explanations for the existence of an undesirable condition. Example: COVID-19 modes of transmission Barrientos –Tan (1997) identified different criteria for choosing a research problem: These factors are detailed guide in zeroing your topic to the final details. It will help you consider if the topic of choice is within the bound of realizing it without possible compromise or major error that can lead to possible threats to its validity. CRITERIA DESCRIPTION 1. Novelty  Newness of the topic and its variables that will inspire a researcher. 2. Availability of subjects/ Choose participants who are within your reach. respondents 3. Ethical considerations  Activities and undertakings are all legally and morally right. 4. Time factor  The study will be pursued in a given time frame 5. Costs and returns  Funding (expense) which can be affected by sample size and distance of data collection. 6. Availability and adequacy Devices such as computers, internet connection, etc. of facilities of equipment Sources of a researchable topic (Cristobal & dela Cruz-Cristobal, 2017; Barrot, 2017; Baraceros, 2017; Edmonds, 2013; Punch, 2014). SOURCES DESCRIPTION 1. Trend  Prevalent topic in the present time 2. Phenomena  Problems encountered by organizations, agencies, community, etc. 3. Personal experience  Researcher’s direct encountered 4. Social issues  Society’s current problems such as economic, political, and others 5. Interest  Excites your curiosity of attention as a researcher 6. Peer consultation/Brainstorming  Interaction of team in research 7. Research gap  Missing information or inconsistency, discrepancy in previous research studies 8. Experts in the field  Persons with broad and deep competence of the topic 9. Problem that needs  Facts or situation the currently existing of happenings that need a solution explanation 10. Literature review  Summary, recommendations, and suggestions of scholarly articles and journals This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 14 | P a g e  Page 15 of 17 Name: _____________________________ Strand & Section: _____________________ Date: ______________________________ Teacher: _____________________________ Worksheet # 7: Relating Picture and Reality A. Designing. DIRECTION: 1. Study the picture below. If you are to undertake the process of designing a possible researchable topic, which topic will you choose? Keywords: POSSIBLE TOPICS: Homeschooling 1. Coping Mechanisms of Learners Lockdown in Distance Learning 2. Challenges of Learners in Modular Print Modality 3. Perceptions of Learners Towards Quality Education in Prolonged Distance Learning 4. Learners’ Difficulties Encountered in Distance Learning 5. Perception of Learners Towards School Preparedness for Face-to-face Learning 6. Learners Preferred Learning Environment 7. Vaccine Preference of Learners 8. Others: ________________________ https://www.kissclipart.com/student-clipart-test-student-clip-art-8hnq9b/ TOPIC CHOSEN: ________________________________________________________________ 2. Concisely answer the questions in the table to help you narrow the proposed study. Guide Questions Answers 1.Who are the target respondents of your study? 2.Will you consider the whole population or representative of the population? 3.Will you have grouping of your respondents or not? If yes, specify the grouping. 4.What kind of variable is described in question 1 to 3? 5.What data or information will you collect from the respondents? 6.What kind of variable is described in question 5? 7.What tool/instrument will you use to collect information from the respondents? B. Critiquing your Research Study. Direction: A good research study should be feasible. Using the criteria in the table, completely TICK the boxes in order to verify this. Criteria Tick Here Criteria Tick Here 4.Time factor 1.Novelty 5.Costs and returns 2.Availability of subjects/ respondents. 3.Ethical considerations 6.Availability and adequacy of facilities of equipment *Please detach this page and submit to your subject teacher in PR 2. REFERENCES Arcenas, M.M. (2017). Appied Research: An introduction to quantitative research methods and report writing. Queuzon City: Phoenix Publishing House, pp 54-56. Baraceros, E.L. (2017). Practical research 2. Recto Avenue: Rex Book Store, pp 66-72. Barrot, J.S. (2017). Practical research 2 for senior high school. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc, pp 72-74. www.Merriam-Webster.com This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 15 | P a g e  Page 16 of 17 Reflection PLEDGE OF COMMITMENT I commit fully to the accomplishment of the module with all honesty and dedication. I promise to spend _______________(no. of hours/specific day(s) of the week) learning about Organization and Management. Further, I promise that no part of this module will be posted publicly, and I will not allow anybody to have it photocopied without a written permit of my teacher. __________________________________________ STUDENT’S SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME /DATE This document and the information thereon is the property of Iloilo National High School- Senior High School. 16 | P a g e