Practical Research 2 PDF

Asian College of Science and Technology asiancollege.edu.ph PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 INSTRUCTOR: MR. JOHN ALBERT S. AZARSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1 Define Quantitative Research through a Concept map; 2 describes cha...

Asian College of Science and Technology asiancollege.edu.ph PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 INSTRUCTOR: MR. JOHN ALBERT S. AZARSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1 Define Quantitative Research through a Concept map; 2 describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of quantitative research; and 3 illustrates the importance of quantitative research across fields Asian College of Science and Technology  RESEARCH Asian College of Science and Technology RESEARCH: is a general word used to describe an activity that involves a systematic method of finding out things that either you do not know or no one else knows. Asian College of Science and Technology DEFINITION OF RESEARCH CLARKE (2005) “The conduct of a careful, systematic, and objective investigation to obtain valid facts, draw conclusions, and establish principles regarding an identifiable problem in some field of knowledge” Asian College of Science and Technology DEFINITION OF RESEARCH SHONE “ any systematic and unbiased way of solving a problem (by answering questions or supporting hypotheses) through generating verifiable data describes the term research.” Asian College of Science and Technology DEFINITION OF RESEARCH THE ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO- OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD) “increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture, and society, and the use of this stock knowledge to devise new applications.” Asian College of Science and Technology QUALITATIVE RESEARCH builds a complete and detailed understanding of the underlying reasons and motivations of people for their particular action(s) Asian College of Science and Technology QUALITATIVE RESEARCH gathers participants' experiences, perceptions, and behavior. It answers the hows and whys instead of how many or how much. Asian College of Science and Technology QUALITATIVE RESEARCH tells us not everything in this world can be quantified. Asian College of Science and Technology QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH is concerned with data that a systematic investigation Numerical data can be are quantifiable or of a phenomenon and collected through polls, measureble involves gathering questionnaire survey, or numerical data; performing experiments statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques on the data gathered Asian College of Science and Technology  CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Asian College of Science and Technology  1. IT IS OBJECTIVE NOT SUBJECTIVE. Intuitions and guesses are not practice or used in developing conclusions or solution to a problem. Asian College of Science and Technology 2. RESEARCH QUESTIONS ARE CLEARLY DEFINED. Familiarity of the topic of the research have to be more focus so that it will be clear to the readers, and the researcher has to be advanced in what he is looking for. Research questions have to be precise and clear for which objective answers are sought. Asian College of Science and Technology 3. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT IS CLEARLY STRUCTURED. The instrument of the study is well-organized and planned. It is a structured research tools like questionnaires or checklist. Asian College of Science and Technology 4. NUMERICAL PRESENTATION OF DATA Data are organized and presented in the form of numbers and statistics. It is also presented in the form of tables, charts, graphs and figures that consolidate large numbers of data to show trends, relationships, or differences among variables. Asian College of Science and Technology Asian College of Science and Technology 5. LARGE SAMPLE SIZE The greater the sample sizes the more reliable data analysis. This is to avoid biases in interpreting the results. A minimum of 20% of the population can be used as respondents of a research. Asian College of Science and Technology 6. REPLICATED BUT NOT DUPLICATED Reliable quantitative studies can be replicated or repeated but not duplicated to verify or confirm the correctness of the results in another setting. Validity of the findings may eliminate the possibility of spurious conclusions. Asian College of Science and Technology Asian College of Science and Technology 7. DATA CAN E USED TO VERIFY EXISTING FACTS AND DEVELOP NEW CONCEPTS A research can validate an existing fact. In some cases, research can be used to develop new ideas needed to make life more comfortable. Asian College of Science and Technology STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Asian College of Science and Technology 1. SINCE IT IS OBJECTIVE AND PROVIDES NUMERICAL DATA, IT CAN’T BE EASILY MISINTERPRETED. 2. STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES WERE USED TO FACILITATE SOPHISTICATED ANALYSES AND ALLOWED YOU TO COMPREHEND A HUGE AMOUNT OF VITAL DATA. Asian College of Science and Technology 3. THE DATA IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH CAN BE ANALYZED IN A QUICK AND EASY WAY. 4. REPLICABLE. THIS CAN BE REPLICATED BUT WITH DIFFERENT AREAS OF CONCERN AND LOCATION. IT CAN BE ALSO AN ADDITIVE FACTOR TO IMPROVE THE PREVIOUS RESEARCH. Asian College of Science and Technology 5. BY USING QUESTIONNAIRE, CHECKLIST, TESTS OR STANDARDIZED INSTRUMENT, THE DATA CAN BE GATHERED IN A QUICK AND EASY WAY. Asian College of Science and Technology  WEAKNESSES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Asian College of Science and Technology 1. IT REQUIRES A LARGE NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS. THE LARGER THE SAMPLE SIZE, THE MORE OR BETTER THE STATISTICAL FINDINGS. 2. IT IS COSTLY. 3. ELABORATION ON CONTEXTUAL IS NOT FACTORS THAT CAN HELP THE RESULTS OR TO EXPLAIN VARIATIONS. IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH, THERE IS NO NEED TO ELABORATE OR TO SHARE THOUGHTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION. IT IS A STRAIGHT FORWARD ANSWER UNLIKE IN QUALITATIVE. Asian College of Science and Technology 4. IF THE MADE QUESTIONNAIRE WAS NOT DONE SERIOUSLY AND CORRECTLY THE DATA WILL BE INVALID AND INACCURATE. 5. RESEARCHERS MUST BE WATCHFUL ON RESPONDENRS WHO ARE JUST GUESSING IN ANSWERING THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT AS SOME OF THEM MAY NOT REVEAL THE REAL RESPONSES DUE TO ETHICAL ISSUES. Asian College of Science and Technology 6. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS PREPARATION AND VALIDATION MAY TAKE TIME IF NO STANDARDIZE TOOLS AVAILABLE. Asian College of Science and Technology Asian College of Science and Technology asiancollege.edu.ph KINDS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Asian College of Science and Technology asiancollege.edu.ph  NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESCRIBES A SITUATION OR PHENOMENON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO OR MORE VARIABLES WITHOUT ANY INTERFERENCE FROM THE PROPONENT. RESEARCHERS COLLECT DATA WITHOUT MAKING CHANGES OR INTRODUCING TREATMENTS Asian College of Science and Technology  DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH DESCRIBES THE NATURE, CHARACTERISTICS, AND COMPONENTS OF THE POPULATION OR A PHENOMENON MANIPULATION OF VARIABLES IS NOT APPLICABLE DETERMINE THE FREQUENCY WITH WITCH IT OCCURS AND TO FIND GENERAL ATTRIBUTES OF THE PRESENTLY EXISTING SITUATIONS Asian College of Science and Technology EXAMPLES: 1. HOW MANY HOURS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS SPENT IN PLAYING ONLINE GAMES? 2. HOW MANY MALNOURISHED STUDENTS WHO FAILED IN THE ACHIEVEMENT TEST? 3. HOW HEALTHY IS THE FOOD SERVED DURING LUNCH TIME IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS? Asian College of Science and Technology FACTORS AFFECTING THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS Asian College of Science and Technology  ATTENDANCE FAMILY FINANCIAL SUPPORT WORKING STUDENT ENVIRONMENT Asian College of Science and Technology  CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH a research design investigates relationships between two variables measures the degree of their relationship or associations relationships that exists between or among the variables Asian College of Science and Technology EXAMPLES: PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS AND SCORE IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 SEX AND MATHEMATICAL ABILITY AGE AND LEADERSHIP STYLE OCCUPATION AND LIFE SPAN Asian College of Science and Technology  TYPES OF CORRELATION 1. POSITIVE CORRELATION An increase in one variable leads to an increase to the other variable. A decrease in one variable will also decrease in the other variable. Ex. Family income and daily allowance Asian College of Science and Technology  TYPES OF CORRELATION 2. NEGATIVE CORRELATION If there is an increase in one variable, the second variable will show a decrease and vice versa Example: Age of a car and price of the car Asian College of Science and Technology  TYPES OF CORRELATION 3. NO CORRELATION A change in one variable may not necessarily see a difference in the other variable. Example: Number of spent in studying and height of the students. Asian College of Science and Technology THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLAYING ONLINE GAMES AND THE GRADE-POINT AVERAGE Asian College of Science and Technology  EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH This kind of research is centrally concerned with constructing research that is high in causal (why) validity scientific approach (hypothesis testing) researchers collect data with making changes or introducing treatments Asian College of Science and Technology  TRUE-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH randomly formed groups (respondents) manipulation of the treatment(experimental group/intervention testing); and comparison among groups (controlled & experimental groups) to test the true cause and effect relationships of variables involve in the study Asian College of Science and Technology  TWO GROUPS POSTTEST ONLY DESIGN Example: Independent Video Learning Tools: Its Effect on Academic Performance of SHS Students. Asian College of Science and Technology  QUASI- EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH This kind of research is almost the same as that of True Experimental Research. The only difference is the absence of random assignment of subjects to other conditions. Example: The Effect of Remedial Program to Beginners Asian College of Science and Technology  Asian College of Science and Technology asiancollege.edu.ph THE IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH ACROSS FIELDS WHY DO PEOPLE CONDUCT RESEARCH? Asian College of Science and Technology  KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION produce knowledge to discover relatively new knowledge for whatever important purpose it may serve Asian College of Science and Technology 2. TO FIND SOLUTIONS TO A PROBLEM desire some answers to the problems we encounter in our daily lives to develop, improve, or enhance ways of doing things 3. HUMAN CONVENIENCE research is done to make the lives of human beings easier humans crave convenience, by allowing us to spend our time on what we find meaningful, like hobbies, personal goals, or people. Asian College of Science and Technology 4. RESEARCH PRECEDES PROGRESS progress will never happen without research. Whatever development we have today, this is all because of research. 5. MAKE THE WORLD BETTER Asian College of Science and Technology  QUANTITATIVE RESEACH ACCROSS FIELDS: Quantitative research and Anthropology (human culture) Communication Medical education Behavioral Sciences Education Social Sciences Business Asian College of Science and Technology