PPT - Fire.pdf

Basic Fire Safety Training  Scope Introduction  Importance of Fire Safety  The Fire Triangle Common causes of fire  Unsafe practices that lead to a fire  SCDF Fire Inspection Statistics Fire prevention measures Responding to a fire ...

Basic Fire Safety Training  Scope Introduction  Importance of Fire Safety  The Fire Triangle Common causes of fire  Unsafe practices that lead to a fire  SCDF Fire Inspection Statistics Fire prevention measures Responding to a fire  Activation, Assistance and Attempt Extinguishing of a fire  Classes of fires  Dry Powder(ABC ) extinguisher  How to use a fire extinguisher Fire evacuation procedures  Why Fire Safety is important? Fire can happen anywhere. A small fire can grow quickly. YOU can help to prevent fires before they start and to kill the fire during the incipient stage.  Fire Triangle Fire requires three elements: Fuel sources: Hoarding of personal items, poor Heat sources: housekeeping, etc. Sunlight, hotplates, naked flame, etc. Oxygen sources: Oxidizing chemicals etc. COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE 1. Electrical short circuit, overloading and overheating of electrical appliance. COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE 2. Chemicals with low flash point, pyrophoric or uncontrolled exothermic reactions and mishandling and improper storage of chemicals. COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE 3. Hotworks and smoking  Unsafe Practices 1. Poor housekeeping and blocking of egress Unsafe Practices 2. Blocking of fire detection system Unsafe Practices 3. Human errors arises from renovation works Unsafe Practices 4. Keeping equipment constantly energized  SCDF FIRE SAFETY VIOLATIONS (Jan – Jun 2012) DESCRIPTION No. of violations 1. Obstruction to exits/fire engine access way 367 2. Unauthorized storage of combustibles/flammable 230 3. Exit signs not illuminated 207 4. Non maintenance of fire extinguisher/ hose reel 96 FIRE PREVENTIVE MEASURES Check your own area for Overloaded circuits Appliances without “SAFETY MARK” Overloading of Circuit Wiring for frayed ends or worn insulation Without Safety Mark Overloading of Circuit Exposed and frayed Wiring Non-approved self-made extension board FIRE PREVENTIVE MEASURES Conduct Fire Risk Assessment 1. Electrical safety 2. Chemical safety FIRE PREVENTIVE MEASURES Attend Training Conduct inspections  Fire Preventive Measures Keep the lobby, corridors, staircases and exits clear of obstruction. Ensure the manual call-points, fire extinguishers, fire hose reels are working and clear of obstruction at all times. Identify the nearest exits, fire alarm panel, manual call- points, fire extinguishers and fire hose reels to aid immediate emergency response during an outbreak of fire. Emergency Exit Manual Call-Point Fire Extinguisher Fire Hose reel Fire Alarm Panel  Fire Protection Equipment and Escape Plan Fire Alarm Panel Fire Hose Reel Fire Extinguisher Fire Exit Assembly Area Responding to a Fire Remember the Three As. ACTIVATE the building alarm or notify Campus Security(6874 1616) / SCDF (995). Break the Call-Point ASSIST any person in immediate danger, or those incapable to move on their own, to exit the building. ATTEMPT to extinguish the incipient fire without endangering yourself. Activate! 1.Manual Call Point 2.OCS Hotline Kent Ridge Campus; U-Town- Call 68741616 Bukit Timah Campus- Call 65163636 or 68741616  Activate! 3. Start Evacuation Process 4. Fight Incipient Fires  Assist! Assist personnel in evacuation: 1. Provide assistance to the people around you 2. Physically challenged personnel and medical cases 3. Unconscious and trapped persons Attempt! Attempt to extinguish the fire 1. Fight an incipient fire using the nearest suitable fire extinguisher 2. Safety considerations FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT THEORY Extinguish fire by limiting or interrupting one or more elements in the fire triangle. Fire can be extinguished by one of the following: Cooling = Reducing its temperature Starvation = Eliminating available fuel Smothering = Exclusion of oxygen  CLASSES OF FIRE Class A  Ordinary combustibles materials like wood, paper, cloth, furnishing, plastics and rubber Class B  Flammable liquids, solvents, oils, paints, thinner and flammable gases  Combustible liquids such as kerosene Class C  Live electrical equipment like electrical mains, transformers and electrical appliances (extinguishing medium must be electrically non- conductive) Class D  Combustible metals e.g. potassium, magnesium, titanium, sodium, lithium and zirconium Dry Powder(ABC) Extinguisher Dry Powder (ABC) - Effective for Class A, B and C fires Advantages - Effective for fire involving plastics and burning 2.5 Kg (w/o hose) and 4.5 Kg metal Dry Powder (with hose) - Extinguishes fire rapidly - When applied, a cloud of extinguishing agent will screen flame, enable close attack Disadvantages - Very messy, not suitable for electronic equipment - Inhalation of chemical may be detrimental to 9kg Dry Powder (blue) vs 1 kg Dry one’s health Powder( red) HOW TO OPERATE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER  Has four main components: A hose or nozzle, a carrying handle and lever, a pressure gauge and the cylinder  Use a simple procedure called P - Pull the safety pin A - Aim at the base of fire S - Squeeze the handle S - Sweep from side to side Video on operating a Dry Powder Extinguisher  TO FIGHT OR NOT TO FIGHT ! Before attempting to fight any fire with an extinguisher, ask yourself the following questions. Can I escape quickly and safely from the EVACUATE NO IMMEDIATELY! area if I attempt to extinguish the fire? YES EVACUATE Do I have the right type of extinguisher? NO IMMEDIATELY! YES EVACUATE Is the extinguisher large enough for the fire? NO IMMEDIATELY! YES Is the area free from other dangers such EVACUATE NO IMMEDIATELY! as hazardous materials? YES EXTINGUISH THE FIRE! Points to note when using an extinguisher 1. It is important for you to know the locations and the types of fire extinguishers in and around your work area. 2. Fire extinguishers can be heavy. It is a good idea to practice by picking up and holding a fire extinguisher to get an idea of its weight and feel. 3. Take time to read the operating instructions and warnings  FIRE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FIRE ACTION 1. Stop all work. Keep all documents. Switch off all electrical equipment that may start a secondary fire 2. Start evacuation process and take instruction from Fire Warden 3. Leave the building immediately using the nearest safe exit route and report to the assembly area Take only light essential belongings along, leave bulky ones behind. Do not use the lifts. Do not re-enter the building unless authorized to do so. 4. Wait at the assembly area for further instructions  FIRE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FIRE ACTION 1. Raise the alarm by ACTION IN THE breaking the glass EVENT OF FIRE at the nearest manual call-point. 2. Dial 995 on the nearest telephone and give details to SCDF including location: i. Location of the fire. ii. Some indication of its extent. iii. Whether the occupants of the building are in danger. 3. Dial 6874 1616 and inform Campus Security so that they can respond and lead SCDF/SPF to the location of fire. 4. If possible, attack the fire with extinguishing equipment provided but do not put yourself at risk. Video summary