Industrial Safety and Health (IE438) Past Lecture Notes PDF

2/13/23 Exit Routes, Emergency Action Plans, Fire Prevention Plans, and Fire Protection IE438 Industrial Safety and Health Dr. Majed Moosa 1 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 1 Introduction Source: CSB So...

2/13/23 Exit Routes, Emergency Action Plans, Fire Prevention Plans, and Fire Protection IE438 Industrial Safety and Health Dr. Majed Moosa 1 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 1 Introduction Source: CSB Source: National Archives Source: OSHA Source: CSB Source: NOAA Source: CSB Fires and explosions, as well as other workplace incidents, may require emergency actions and evacuations to protect employees. PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 2 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 2 1 2/13/23 Introduction Lesson objectives: 1. Recognize benefits of an Emergency Action Plan. 2. Identify elements of Fire Protection Plan. 3. Identify conditions under which evacuation actions may be necessary in an emergency situation. 4. Identify conditions under which shelter-in-place may be necessary in an emergency situation. PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 3 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 3 Introduction 5. Identify characteristics of an effective emergency escape route. 6. Recognize the five types of fire extinguishers, including the types of fires they can extinguish. 7. Review requirements for proper maintenance of portable fire extinguishers. PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 4 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 4 2 2/13/23 Emergency Action Plans Benefits of an EAP: • Written document that facilitates and organizes employer and employee actions during workplace emergencies • Fewer and less severe injuries • Less structural damage • Reduce confusion PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 5 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 5 Emergency Action Plans Purpose of an EAP: • Describes actions to be taken to ensure employee safety during an emergency • Uses floor plans/maps to show emergency escape routes • Tells employees what actions to take • Covers reasonably expected emergencies PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 6 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 6 3 2/13/23 Emergency Action Plans Required elements of plan: • Means of reporting • Evacuation procedures and emergency escape routes • • • • Procedures for critical operations Accounting of employees Rescue and medical duties Contact persons Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 7 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 7 Emergency Action Plans • Training employees on the EAP – Review plan with each employee • Initial development of plan • Initial assignment of employee to job • Changes to plan or employee actions/responsibilities – Annual retraining with drills to practice evacuation and gathering in assembly area – Educate/train • Types of emergencies • Course of actions • Functions and elements of EAP • Special hazards • Fire hazards and fire prevention plan PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 Source: OSHA 8 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 8 4 2/13/23 Emergency Action Plans • General training – – – – – – Roles and responsibilities Threats, hazards, protective actions Notification, warning, communications Locating family members Location/use of emergency equipment Procedures • Emergency response • Evacuation and shelter-in-place • Assembly and accounting of employees • Emergency shut-down Source of graphics: OSHA 9 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 9 Emergency Action Plans Examples of procedures: • Methods of reporting an emergency • Instructions for exit • Instructions for limited mobility Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 10 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 10 5 2/13/23 Fire Prevention Plan FPP requirements: • Must be – In writing – Kept in the workplace – Available to employees for review Source: OSHA • Employer must – Inform employees of fire hazards when initially assigned to a job – Review with each employee applicable FPP parts PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 11 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 11 Fire Prevention Plan • Included in FPP – Lists of all major fire hazards, proper handling and storage of hazardous materials, ignition sources/controls, and fire protection equipment – Procedures to control flammable/combustible wastes – Procedures for maintenance of safeguards on heat-producing equipment – Name/job titles of employees with responsibilities for maintenance of equipment and control of hazards PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 12 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 12 6 2/13/23 Fire Prevention Plan Preventing fires hazards: • Understanding fires – Rapid chemical reaction between oxygen and a combustible material – Results in release of heat, light, flames, and smoke – Requires four elements: • • • • Oxygen Ignition source (heat) Fuel Chemical reaction Source of graphics: OSHA 13 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 13 Fire Prevention Plan • Ignition sources Open flames Smoking Static electricity Hotwork Hot surfaces Electrical and mechanical sparks – Lightning – – – – – – Source: CDC Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 14 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 14 7 2/13/23 Fire Prevention Plan • Tasks that require fire protection and examples of hazards – Hotwork – 30-minute fire watch – Dispensing flammables and combustibles: gasoline, diesel, or natural gas – Flammable wastes: solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquids Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 15 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 15 Fire Prevention Plan • Handling of flammable hazards – Only use approved metal safety containers or original manufacturer’s containers for storage – – – – Practice good housekeeping Keep containers closed when not in use Store away from exits or passageways Keep away from ignition sources Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 16 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 16 8 2/13/23 Fire Prevention Plan • Fire protection equipment – PPE – Fire Suppression • Portable fire extinguishers • Fixed systems Source of graphics: OSHA 17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 17 Conditions Requiring Evacuation Workplace evacuation may be required for: • Man-made emergencies • Natural emergencies Fires Explosions Toxic material releases Radiological/biological incidents – Civil disturbances – Workplace violence – – – – PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 – – – – – – Floods Earthquakes Hurricanes Tornadoes Wildfires Winter weather 18 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 18 9 2/13/23 Conditions Requiring Evacuation Factors affecting response to emergencies: • • • • Type/extent of emergency Location of emergency Type of building in which workplace is located Shutting down critical operations Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 19 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 19 Conditions Requiring Evacuation Fire emergencies: Fight or Flee? • Options for evacuation 1. Total evacuation 2. Designated employees authorized to fight fire; all others evacuate 3. All employees authorized to fight fire 4. Extinguishers provided but not intended for employee use PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 Source of graphics: OSHA 20 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 20 10 2/13/23 Conditions Requiring Evacuation Fire emergencies: Fight or Flee? • Performing a risk assessment – Is the fire too big? – Is the air safe to breathe? – Is the environment too hot or smoky? – Is there a safe evacuation path? PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 Source: OSHA 21 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 21 Conditions Requiring Evacuation Evacuation maps show: • Exits: to, thru, and away • At least two ways out – Primary exit – Secondary exit • Assembly area • Location on the map • Additional information – Location of fire extinguishers PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 Source: OSHA 22 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 22 11 2/13/23 Conditions Requiring Evacuation Evacuation actions: • Alerting employees to evacuate – Alarm – Enunciator panel/speaker • Accounting for who has exited – How is that accomplished • Keeping employees informed – All clear, re-enter, or remain at assembly point – Clear to leave workplace Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 23 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 23 Conditions Requiring Shelter-in-Place Incidents that may require shelter-in-place: • Release of chemical, biological, or radiological contaminants • Severe weather – tornadoes • Other situations occurring outside the workplace Source: CDC PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 Source: FEMA Region VI 24 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 24 12 2/13/23 Conditions Requiring Shelter-in-Place Shelter-in-place: • Means taking refuge in interior room(s) with no/few windows • Local authorities often issue shelter-in-place advice via TV or radio • Procedures specific to worksite Source of graphics: OSHA 25 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 25 Conditions Requiring Shelter-in-Place Planning shelter-in-place actions: • Alerting employees – shelter-in-place • Accounting for who is in refuge • Keeping employees informed Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 26 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 26 13 2/13/23 Emergency Escape Routes Exit routes: • Continuous and unobstructed path of exit travel from any place in workplace to safety • Exit access, exit, exit discharge • Should be: – – – – Clearly marked Well-lit Appropriate width Unobstructed/clear Source: TEEX PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 27 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 27 Emergency Escape Routes • Basic exit route requirements: Permanent Separated by fire-resistant materials Limited openings Adequate number of exit routes Discharge leading directly outside or to a place with access to outside – Exit door unlocked from inside and side-hinged – Adequate capacity – Minimum height and width – – – – – Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 28 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 28 14 2/13/23 Emergency Escape Routes • Clearly communicate 3 elements of escape route – Exit access pathway – Nearest exits from all points of building – Pathway away from building structure Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 29 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 29 Designate an assembly area exits Indicate emergency No No emergency exits with wheelchair exits into narrow in restrooms access passages No use of elevators Exit signstoindicating reach anthe nearestemergency emergencyexit exit Designate primary Exit away from and secondary exits rooms with hazardous materials Indicate the employee’s current location PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 30 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 30 15 2/13/23 Extinguishing Fires Methods of fire protection: • Fixed extinguishing systems • Fire brigades • Fire extinguishers Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 31 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 31 Extinguishing Fires • Portable fire extinguisher training and education – Required for employees authorized to use fire extinguishers – General principles of fire extinguisher use – Hazards of incipient stage fire fighting – Operation of equipment (instruction and hands-on practice) – Required upon initial employment/assignment and at least annually thereafter PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 Source: OSHA 32 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 32 16 2/13/23 Extinguishing Fires Classes of fires: • Class A – ordinary combustibles • • • • Class Class Class Class A B – flammable liquids and gases C – energized electrical equipment D – combustible metals K – cooking oils and greases B C K D Source: OTIEC 33 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 33 Extinguishing Fires • How fire extinguishers work – Remove heat – Displace/remove oxygen – Stop chemical reaction Source: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 34 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 34 17 2/13/23 Extinguishing Fires • Parts of a fire extinguisher and labels Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 35 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 35 Extinguishing Fires Types of extinguishers: • Water • Carbon Dioxide • Dry Chemical Source: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 36 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 36 18 2/13/23 Extinguishing Fires • Water or air-pressurized water (APW) extinguishers – Designed for Class A fires only – Large silver container, 2 to 3 ft. tall, weighing about 25 lbs. when full – Filled 2/3 with ordinary water, then pressurized with air – Detergents may be added – Cool the surface to remove the heat – Never use to extinguish flammable liquid fires or electrical fires Source of graphics: OSHA 37 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 37 Extinguishing Fires • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) extinguishers – Designed for Class B and Class C fires only – Red cylinders, ranging from 5 to 100 lbs. or larger, with a hard horn and no pressure gauge – Filled with Carbon Dioxide (CO2), under extreme pressure – Displace oxygen; dry ice pieces also have cooling effect – Never use in confines space without respiratory protection Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 38 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 38 19 2/13/23 Extinguishing Fires • Dry Chemical extinguishers (Multi-purpose) – May be used on Class A, Class B, and/or Class C fires (check label) – Red cylinders, ranging in size from 5 to 20 lbs. – Fire-retardant powder is the extinguishing agent and is propelled by a compressed, non-flammable gas – Separates fuel from oxygen; powder also interrupts chemical reaction Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 39 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 39 Extinguishing Fires • Class K – dry and wet chemical extinguishers – Designed for kitchen fires – Only intended to be used after activation of built-in hood suppression system – Filled with electrically conductive extinguishing agents; use only after electrical power to appliance has been shut off – Potassium bicarbonate may be used in dry types; wet chemical extinguishers spray a fine mist Source of graphics: OSHA PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 40 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 40 20 2/13/23 Extinguishing Fires Using a fire extinguisher: • Steps to follow 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Sound alarm; call fire department Identify safe evacuation path Select appropriate fire extinguisher Discharge extinguisher using P.A.S.S. technique Back away once extinguished Evacuate immediately if necessary • Extinguisher empty and fire is not out • Fire progresses beyond incipient stage PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 41 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 41 Extinguishing Fires • P.A.S.S. technique – – – – Pull the pin Aim at base of fire Squeeze handle Sweep side-to-side at base of fire until fire appears out Watch area for re-ignition and repeat steps 2 – 4; When in doubt, EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY! PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 Source: OSHA 42 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 42 21 2/13/23 Maintenance of Extinguisher Elements of inspection: • Inspect bottle, handle, hose, and gauge for proper working order • Inspection tag – Month and Year put in service current (annual) – Monthly visual inspections completed (monthly) – Extinguisher product still free-flowing inside bottle (turn upside down and/or shake) PPT 10-hr. General Industry – Exits, EAPs, FPPs, and Fire Protection v.03.01.17 43 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup 43 22