Modernism Architectural Trends (1946-1960s) PDF

ARCHITECTURAL TRENDS Features Modernism‌ (1946-1960s) Brise-soleil Sun-shading device used to reduce heat while maintaining...

ARCHITECTURAL TRENDS Features Modernism‌ (1946-1960s) Brise-soleil Sun-shading device used to reduce heat while maintaining modern aesthetic. Influence from U.S. and Latin America Glass Walls In 1946, Modernism gained momentum in the Provided transparency Philippines. and openness in design. In 1947, a corps of architects and engineers were tasked to study the modern US and Latin American capitals and formulate a master plan for Manila. Pierced Screens Heavily influenced by architectural styles Decorative yet functional, allowing airflow while from the U.S. and Latin America. providing shade. There was a strong push for rebuilding cities and infrastructure. This period saw rapid urbanization and the need for functional, cost-effective buildings, which modernism provided. “Form follows function” - Louis Sullivan (1896) F.A.‌ ‌ALBORES‌  ARCHITECTURAL TRENDS Materials and Forms Modernism‌ (1946-1960s) Reinforced concrete Steel Use of reinforced concrete, steel, and glass for strength and Cartesian grids modernity. Focus on geometric shapes and Cartesian grids for clean, functional design. Geometric shapes Minimalism: Absence of applied decoration to emphasize form over Minimalism ornamentation. F.A.‌ ‌ANIMOS‌ UP DILIMAN MELCHOR HALL QUEZON CITY, PH Modernism  NOTABLE FIGURES AND POST-WAR WORKS CESAR HOMERO CONCIO, SR. Education: BS Civil Engineering graduate at University of the Philippines (1928), BS Architecture graduate at Mapua Institute of Technology (1932), Top 1 Architect Licensure Exam (1933), Masters in Town Planning and Housing at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1940) Career: First Dean of Department of Architecture of Mapua First University Architect of UP Diliman, tasked with continuing Louis Croft's plans Sixth President of the Philippine Institute of Architects (PIA) F.A.‌ ‌BORINEZ‌  NOTABLE FIGURES AND POST-WAR WORKS CESAR HOMERO CONCIO, SR. Notable Works: Melchor Hall, UP Diliman Church of the Risen Lord, UP Diliman Insular Life Bldg. - 1st office building to surpass the 1950s 30-meter height restriction Selected by President Roxas to design buildings for the Capital City (1947) Awards: Gold Medal of Merit by Philippine Institure of Architects (1964) Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan by the City of Manila (1969) Networks: Father in Law of Charo Santos-Concio, MMK Host F.A.‌ ‌BORINEZ‌ UP DILIMAN LIBERAL ARTS BLDG. QUEZON CITY, PH Modernism B‌ rise-soleil sun-shading device that helps reduce heat while keeping the building cool—perfect for our tropical climate. F.A.‌ ‌BORINEZ‌  ARCHITECTURAL TRENDS Features Modernism‌ (1950s-1970s) Soft‌ Thin-shell technology Structures like hyperbolic paraboloids and spherical domes became possible, allowing for larger spans with minimal support. Experimented with concrete's sculptural Organic Curves potential, resulting in soft, flowing forms The use of concrete’s fluidity resulted in Thin-shell technology and complex curving, sculptural forms that mathematical calculations allowed mimicked natural shapes rather than architects to explore the plasticity of sharp, angular geometries. concrete, creating more fluid, organic shapes. Experimentation with Space and Light Soft modernism often played with natural While rooted in the functionalism of light and open spaces, using complex modernism, soft modernism embraced the shapes to direct the flow of light within flexibility and aesthetic possibilities of buildings. concrete, moving beyond rigid, boxy forms. F.A.‌ ‌ANIMOS‌ ‌&‌ ‌F.A.‌ ‌ALBORES‌ CHURCH OF THE RISEN LORD Soft Modernism CHURCH OF ST. ANDREW Soft Modernism T‌ hin-Shell Technology a construction method that utilizes a monolithic thin concrete design with the structural integrity to resist external forces that could mimic curves found in nature F.A.‌ ‌ALBORES‌  ARCHITECTURAL TRENDS Features Space‌ (1950s-1960s) Age‌ Heavily inspired by space exploration and Aerodynamic Forms Designs often featured long, horizontal lines that suggested the sleekness of airplane wings, as well as upright soaring structures. Parabolic Arches futuristic designs These arch forms, along with curves and The space race of the mid-20th century, other organic shapes, directed the eye particularly the launch of Sputnik in 1957, upward, emphasizing height and captured public imagination and inspired grandeur. architects to push boundaries with futuristic forms and materials. Futuristic Shapes Geometrical forms such as domes, thin New materials like reinforced concrete, steel, concrete shells, and folded plate and plastics, combined with advances in structures, often resembling spacecraft or engineering, allowed for more daring satellites, were prominent. structural forms and experimentation with unconventional shapes. F.A.ALBORES‌ ARANETA COLISEUM Space Age PHILIPPINE ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTER Space Age ARANETA COLISEUM known as the largest indoor dome in the world at the time Space Age  T‌ RIVIA Who else shaped this era of A‌ rchitecture? rchitecture? F.A.ANIMOS‌  NOTABLE FIGURES AND POST-WAR WORKS FEDERICO ILUSTRE Education: BS Architecture graduate at Institute of Technology, Architects Licensure Exam Passer (1937) Career: Consulting architect (1950s–1970s), started as draftsman for Juan Nakpil, National Artist for Architecture Supervising Director of Bureau of Public Works Notable Works: Quezon Memorial Monument (65m high, Art Deco design) - composed of 3 pylons topped by winged figures representing the 3 island groups. designed all government building in Diliman F.A. BORINEZ‌ Quadrangle and Quezon Elliptical Road BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION QUEZON MEMORIAL CIRCLE  NOTABLE FIGURES AND POST-WAR WORKS ANGEL E. NAKPIL Education: BS Architecture graduate at University of Sto. Tomas (1936), Masters in Regional Planning (1940) Career: City Planning Commissioner of Manila (1947–1949) UST School of Architecture Dean (1959-1961) Served as charter member of United Architects of the Philippines (UAP) F.A. BORINEZ‌  NOTABLE FIGURES AND POST-WAR WORKS ANGEL E. NAKPIL Notable Works: National Press Club building (1955) - the modern and first earthquake-proof building in the Philippines Picache Building - first modern skyscraper in the Philippines (12-storey) Awards: Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award by the City of Manila (1974) Networks: Nephew of Juan Nakpil, National Artist for Architecture F.A. BORINEZ‌ NATIONAL PRESS CLUB BLDG. DESIGNED BY AR. ANGEL NAKPIL INTRAMUROS, PH one of the first earthquake- proof structures in the country  NOTABLE FIGURES AND POST-WAR WORKS ALFREDO J. LUZ Education: BA Architecture graduate at University of California Berkeley (1949) Notable Works: Ramon Magsaysay Center World Health Organization Bldg. International Rice Research Institute Menzi Building, Ayala Avenue Networks: Brother of National Artist Arturo J. Luz, modernist leader in the 1950s–60s Mother is an interior designer Rosario J. Luz F.A. BORINEZ‌ RAMON MAGSAYSAY CENTER DESIGNED BY AR. ALFREDO LUZ ROXAS BLVD., PH WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION BLDG. DESIGNED BY AR. ALFREDO LUZ SANTA CRUZ, PH  NOTABLE FIGURES AND POST-WAR WORKS OTILIO ARELLANO Notable Works: National Bureau of Investigation Philippine Pavilion at New York World’s Fair (1964) Restored Metropolitan Theater Networks: Son of Arcadio Arellano, nephew of Juan Arellano, both are esteemed Architects of Prewar Manila Restored the Metropolitan Theater, formerly designed by his uncle Juan Arellano, chosen by Imelda Marcos F.A.ALBORES‌ METROPOLITAN THEATRE DESIGNED BY AR. OTILIO ARELLANO ERMITA, PH originally designed by his uncle, Juan Arellano  NOTABLE FIGURES AND POST-WAR WORKS FELIPE MENDOZA Career: United Architect of the Philippines National Director (1979) Notable Works: Batasang Pambansa Comple Philippine Veterans Bank Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Development Academy of the Philippines Awards: PRC Outstanding Architect of the Year (1982) UAP Likha Award (1982) Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan by City of Manila F.A.ALBORES‌ (1976) BATASANG PAMBANSA COMPLEX DESIGNED BY AR. FELIPE MENDOZA QUEZON CITY, PH PHILIPPINE VETERANS BANK DESIGNED BY AR. FELIPE MENDOZA MAKATI, PH  NOTABLE FIGURES AND POST-WAR WORKS GABRIEL FORMOSO Education: BS Architecture graduate at University of Sto. Tomas (1937) Notable Works: Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Metropolitan Museum of Manila Awards: Republic Cultural Heritage Award (1973) PRC Outstanding Architect of the Year (1979) Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan (1977) F.A.ALBORES‌ BANGKO SENTRAL NG PILIPINAS DESIGNED BY AR. GABRIEL FORMOSO ROXAS BLVD., PH METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF MANILA DESIGNED BY AR. GABRIEL FORMOSO TAGUIG, PH  NOTABLE FIGURES AND POST-WAR WORKS CARLOS ARGUELLES Education: BS Architecture graduate at University of Sto. Tomas (1940), Masters in Architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1946) Career: Dean of UST College of Architecture and Fine Arts (1954–1959) Member of American Institute of Architects and Philippine Institute of Architects Notable Works: Philam Life Bldg. Development Bank of the Philippines Bldg. F.A.ANIMOS‌  NOTABLE FIGURES AND POST-WAR WORKS CARLOS ARGUELLES Networks: Son of Tomas Arguelles, a notable architecture during American period F.A.ANIMOS‌ PHILAM LIFE BLDG. DESIGNED BY AR. CARLOS ARGUELLES ERMITA, PH DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES DESIGNED BY AR. CARLOS ARGUELLES MAKATI CITY, PH  NOTABLE FIGURES LEANDRO LOCSIN Education: BS Architecture graduate at University of Sto. Tomas (1940), Masters in Architecture at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1946) Notable Works: Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) Complex Parish of Holy Sacrifice Philippine International Convention Center (PICC) Awards: National Artist for Architecture (1990) Arts and Culture Prize of the Fukuoka Asian Cultural Prizes F.A.ANIMOS‌ CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES DESIGNED BY AR. LEANDRO LOCSIN PASAY CITY, PH PARISH OF THE HOLY SACRIFICE PHILIPPINE INT’L CONVENTION CENTER DESIGNED BY AR. LEANDRO LOCSIN PASAY CITY, PH NOTABLE FIGURES FRANCISCO MAÑOSA Education: BS Architecture graduate at University of Sto. Tomas Career: Philippine Neovernacular Architecture advocate pioneered sustainable architecture before the trend Notable Works: The Coconut Palace San Miguel Corporation HQ EDSA Shrine Awards: National Artist for Architecture COCONUT PALACE DESIGNED BY AR. FRANCISCO MAÑOSA PASAY CITY, PH SAN MIGUEL CORP. HEADQUARTERS DESIGNED BY AR. FRANCISCO MAÑOSA MANDALUYONG CITY, PH EDSA SHRINE DESIGNED BY AR. FRANCISCO MAÑOSA QUEZON CITY, PH