Planning 02 Module 01 PDF

PLANNING 02 Module 01 FUNDAMENTALS OF URBAN DESIGN & COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE What is Planning? Planning is a sequence of deliberate purposeful actions designed to solve problems systematically, by foreseeing...

PLANNING 02 Module 01 FUNDAMENTALS OF URBAN DESIGN & COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE What is Planning? Planning is a sequence of deliberate purposeful actions designed to solve problems systematically, by foreseeing and guiding change through rational decisions, reconciling public and private aims, and arbitrating between competing social, economic, political and physical forces. Planning allocates scarce resources, particularly land and other resources, in such a manner as to obtain the maximum practicable efficiency and benefit, for individuals and for society as a whole, while respecting the needs of Nature and the requirements of a sustainable future.  Planning is a reconciliation of social and economic objectives of public and private institutions. It is the allocation of resources, particularly land, in such a manner as to obtain maximum efficiency, while paying heed to the nature of the built environment and the welfare of the community. Planning is the art of anticipating change and arbitrating between the economic, social, political and physical forces that determine the location form and effect of urban development.  Urban Planning usually deals with physical, economic, social and political conditions that have been in place for a long time. Planners must protect what is good about cities while attempting to plan for growth and change. That is why a fundamental knowledge of history is very import. Urban planning has been evolving as an “art” and “science” for almost 6000 years. What is Modern Town Planning The origins of modern town-planning are moments in time when circumstances had crystallized sufficiently not only to cause discomfort but also to provoke the protest of the people involved. Historical discussion extends beyond patterns of settlement to embrace the social problems of the time, thus, demonstrating how modern town planning should be regarded as an integral part of the general attempt to extend the potential benefits of the Industrial Revolution to members of all classes and emphasizing the inevitable political implications inherent in what might appear to be a purely technical development. Town Planning – is the arts and science of ordering the use of land and citing of buildings and communication routes so as to secure the maximum practicable degree of economy, convenience and beauty. It is concerned with providing The right site The right time The right place The right people What factors affect land use? The traditional role of controlling and allocating the use of land among competing activities have been substantially enlarged to take account of social, economic and political factors. In addition, the determination of overall goals for the welfare of the community at the policy-making level of local government, and in the organization and management of local government itself  “Urban” is determined by physico-spatial, economic, demographic and cultural characteristics While modern concept of “city” is defined by charter or Legal Act after complying with income, territorial size, population, referendum requirements. Some “urban” areas are not cities and might not qualify as cities, e.g. poblaciones, town centers, Municipality of Pateros is thoroughly ‘urban’ but not a city. City from civitat (community), civis (citizen), Old French ‘cite,’ in ancient Greece, ‘polis’ for city-state URBAN PLACE VS. CITY Modern concept of City is “an important permanent settlement possessing the characteristics of size, density and heterogeneity, whose people are granted a substantial level of self-governance by central authority by means of a Statute or ‘Charter’.” Both urban areas and cities are non-ubiquitous in geographical space and perform functions over a service area. They reflect the level of a society’s development. Common characteristics of ‘Urban Place’ and ‘City’ are that they are aggregations of people to better realize some activities and perform vital functions. What is an Urban Place? There is no commonly-agreed international definition of what constitutes “urban”; it varies from country to country as the United Nations has left it to individual countries. Sweden = at least 200 population United States = at least 2,500 population, densely settled. Philippines = density at least 1,000 persons per sq.km or 10 persons per hectare, with grid-iron or analogous settlement design India = at least 5,000, with 75% of adult males employed in non-agricultural work Switzerland = at least 10,000 population Japan = at least 30,000 population Some countries revise definitions of urban settlements to suit specific purposes; China revised its census definitions with criteria that vary from province to province causing their urban population to swell by 13 percent in 1983. Land Re-classification by legislative fiat can label as urban many areas even though they are essentially ‘rural’ in character. WHAT IS AN URBAN PLACE IN THE PHILIPPINES? National Statistics Office -- operational rather than conceptual definition According to these concepts, an area is considered urban if: 1. In their entirety all cities and municipalities having a population density of at least 1,000 persons per square kilometer; 2. Poblaciones or central districts of municipalities and cities which have a population density of at least 500 persons per square kilometer; 3. Poblaciones or central districts (not included in 1 and above), regardless of the population size which have the following: a. Street pattern, i.e., network of streets in either parallel or right angle orientation; b. At least six (6) establishments (commercial, manufacturing, recreational and/or personal services); and c. At least three of the following: i. A town hall, church or chapel with religious services at least once a month; ii. A public plaza, park or cemetery; iii. A market place or building where trading activities are carried on at least once a week; iv. A public building like school, hospital or health center and library. 4. Barangays having at least 1,000 inhabitants which meet the conditions set forth in 3 above, and where the occupation of the inhabitants is predominantly non-fishing. All areas not falling under any of the above classifications are considered rural. EVOLUTION OF COMMUNITY TOWNS AND CITIES LEGACY OF THE PAST The basic knowledge and practice of urban planning has had a long evolution from the earliest know planned cities in Egypt and the Tigris-Euphrates Valley to the new towns in the united Kingdom and the USA. ANCIENT WORLD Urbanization began around 4000 B.C. in the area as the Fertile Crescent. Which stretch from the Nile Valley to the alluvial plains of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.  Urban planning began with the development of city-kingdoms by the Sumerians of Assyria. These warrior- kings built cities that were both fortress and marketplaces for the agricultural products of the surrounding lands. Most cities had large populations, anywhere from 3,000 to 5,000 people.  One of the earliest cities was Babylon (about55 miles south of modern-day Baghdad, Iraq). Originally built like other Sumerian cities of the Bronze Age, it reached its legendary greatness when Nebuchanezzar II had it rebuilt during the sixth century B.C. the new city followed a regular street plan. The temple and tower remains at the center  The only other known cities of the Bronze Age were planned and built along the Indus Valley(what is known as Pakistan) and the Yellow River Valley of China. These cities had some advantages associated with there great rivers were the primary factors in their location.  The Greeks western culture began on the island of the Aegean Sea and grew with the settlement of Greece by the northern people. In the fifth century B.C. there emerged an outstanding urban planner – Hippdomus. Trained as an architect, he developed the first theoretical basis for physical planning in cities. He proposed the need for a rectangular street system (gridiron pattern) to give a geometric form of urban spaces. Old Greek Urban Plan  Residential blocks were designed to enable the houses to and to ensure their accessibility to the public buildings and spaces. He also developed the concept of an agora, a central marketplace laid out along rectangular lines. It became the city’s commercial business center. His planning philosophy and designs were used extensively in Greek colonial towns and city states, such as Miletus and Priene  The flight of wealthy city residents to their villas in the countryside may well have been the first example of city deterioration caused by suburbanization. Curiously, the Greek did not develop a unified theory and philosophy of planning and design for the Hellenistic period. The principal theorist and organizer of classical-style Greek architecture was Vitruvius, a Roman architect and engineer of the first century B.C.  The Romans replaced Athens as the center of the Western World during the period 27 B.C. to 324 A.D. as the Roman Empire grew in power and wealth, the population of Rome greatly increased; estimates ranged from first regional planners 250,000 to 2 million permanent residents by the third century A.D. it is interesting to note that 8 storey buildings had been constructed in Rome until the first century A.D. when Augustus imposed a 70- foot height limit, the first known example of zoning. During this period, wealthy Roman leaders built huge monument and public buildings honoring their own and their empire’s greatness and each new emperor built a forum (a public meeting place) greater than the last.  The Romans understood the importance of transportation and emerged as the first regional planners in this sense. They planned and built roads throughout the sprawling empire which ranged from Britain to Babylon and Spain to Egypt in order to interconnect their cities. In an attempt to colonize new territories, siphon off some of the migration to Rome, and construct symbols of Roman law and order, they built a number of military cities. Most of them followed a master plan that varied only slightly and enabled standardized construction. Built in virtually a square pattern, these colonial cities were dominated by civic buildings at the intersection of the two main roads. Housing consisted predominantly of small apartments, with atrium-style houses for the wealthy. An atrium is a central open area, such as a hall or a patio. PATTERN OF CITY PLANNING The importance of the Ancient World EGYPT, GREECE, ROME is that it established a long-lasting pattern of planning for cities. Cities are built upon four bases: PHYSICAL base of the city is that visible manifestation of building, roads, parks and other features that it forms. ECONOMIC base of the city provides a reason for existence. POLITICAL base of the city is essential for its order. SOCIAL base is essential for city meaning. Planning of the cities of the ancient world was the precursor of what we consider the pattern. MEDIEVAL, RENAISSANCE and BAROQUE PERIODS After the fall off the Roman Empire, the barbarians destroyed many roman cities. Central authority was replaced by local powers based in fortress and castles (500 to 1500 A.D.). there was a little call for urban planning until the eleventh century A.D., by the 13th century A.D. there were many towns but few has more than 50,000 residents. The reasons were more practical than planned; because of walled fortification systems, water supply and sanitation considerations, few towns occupied more than 1 square mile  In the 14thcentury A.D. Florence grew to population of 90,000. Venice was the foremost world trading center of the Byzantine Empire and population grew to 240,000. London was not much different from a Roman Camp City.  15th and 16th century saw the flowering of the Renaissance, as preoccupation with the arts and humanities arose. most evident in Italy. An intensive The effect upon urban planning was more aesthetic than substantive. The basic form and pattern of cites remained unchanged but there was more concern for beauty within. Several important concepts emerged during the renaissance. The axis style of city design was foremost. The use of formal piazzas of squares was fostered by Michaelangelo, Bernini and others. It is fair to say that the renaissance established the concept of urban design. This meant that urban planning must consider beauty as well as form and function.  The Baroque period (17thto 18thcenturies A.D.) was marked by the monumentalism and grandeur of the reigning monarchs of the western world and was most vivid in France. Huge open spaces were created incites with the majestic boulevards. This era a lasting impression that all cites can be beautiful and inspiring. THE INDUSTRIAL CITY The invention of the steam engine in 1769 ushered the beginning of the industrial revolution, for it meant that human labor can be supplemented or replaced by machines. The early impacts of this increase congestion, safety hazards and air/water pollution.  Transportation was the key to industrialization. The journey to work emerged as a result of mobility. The congestion and pollution created a movement towards suburbs made possible by improved roads and railways systems. By the late 19thand early 20thcenturies, suburbs housing, the more affluent were common at the periphery of the city while lower paid worker lived in the congested central areas What factors contributed to the growth of the Industrial Town? -Increase in population brought about by the fall indeath rate which was notably below the birth rate for the first time -Effect of economic change on urban and rural communities which took place between 1760 and 1830 -The birth of new transport system, the locomotive -Expanding commercial activity REFORM MOVEMENTS Because of the rapid growth of cities and the problems of industrialization, a number of reform movements emerged. The First Public Health Act passed in England dealt mainly with standards for housing in the 1880’s.  The romantic precursors of urban planning evolved in the latter part of the 19thcentury. Robert Owen’s early plans for New Lanark in England.  Ebenezer Howard solidified the concept of new towns as an urban planning movement. In his Garden Cites (1902) of Tomorrow, he proposed the garden city as a solution to urban planning problems Four main components of Howard’s plan: 1. All land about 10,000 acres would be owned singly in public trust; 2. Population and development would be staged up to 30,000 people; 3. Greenbelt of 5,000 acres of agricultural land to surround the city; 4. Mixture of land uses to ensure social/economics self-sufficiency  COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING Patrick Geddes theorized that physical planning could not improve urban living condition unless it was integrated with social and economic planning in a context of environmental concern. The integration should occur at a regional scale including both the city and its surrounding hinterlands – “urban conurbation” URBAN PLANNING IN THE AMERICAS The first settlement in north America The most notable exception to the were little more than forts to protect the gridiron approach was Peirre colonials from Indian attacks, then, the L’Enfant’s 1796 plan for Washington, New England towns emerged in the D.C. 17th. Modest houses for each family were grouped in a gridiron pattern around a park, or common that was usually next to a meeting place. When the area of Manhattan was planned, the gridiron pattern used was the one William Penn has developed in 1862 for Philadelphia.  Daniel H. Burnham was the chief planner of Chicago (1893). He invoked an adage that became a manifesto for planners: MAKE NO LITTLE PLANS; THEY HAVE NO MAGIC TO STIR MEN’S BLOOD. MAKE BIG PLANS, FOR A NOBLE DOCUMENT ONCE RECORDED WILL NEVER DIE.  Burnham prepared the plans for Chicago, San Francisco, Cleveland and he revised the plan for Washington D.C. The master plan, or grand design, was the hallmark of a progressive city in America at the beginning of the 20th century. REFORM MOVEMENT IN THE USA The architect and engineer joined In the 1920’s regional planning began with the lawyer and social worker to to grow, Regional planning reform American cities. The concepts authorities were first created in New of Geddes were invoked as York. By 1913, there were over 67 frequently as those of Burnham. such agencies. Planning commissions were established throughout the country. In 1917, a profession was created. American City Planning Institute (AIP) was founded in Kansas City in 1917, with 52 people dedicated to the advancement of the art and science of planning. Constitutionally of zoning was upheld in 1926 POST-WAR GROWTH: 1945-1960 The immediate post-war showed a pattern of urban planning oriented toward recovery and economic development. In 1954, the National Housing Act was passed, upholding the constitutionally of urban renewal as a manifestation of the police power of the government.  In the 1960’s, Advocacy Planning was initiated. Using planning techniques and skills, the advocate planner would represent a specific group’s interest rather than a general public interest. The Model Cites Program was designed to combine physical, social and economic solutions to the cities problems under one planning and implementation authority.  During the 1970’s, a major effect was launched to protect the natural environment from further degradation. Argument was made that the rapid growth and proliferation of buildings, cars and industrialization must be controlled to prevent disaster to the natural environment. The most important pattern of the 1970’s was the coalescing of planning and management.  The 1980’s has been the years of business. Urban planning is now concerned with programs and incentive to encourage private development in cites. The Urban Development Action Grant and other state local programs in early 1980’s gave rise to the age of public-private partnership for urban planning  Urban planning on USA is quite different than elsewhere. Since it is a federal democracy, there is no centralized national planning that provides the framework into which local planning must fit. Urban planning occurs at the city and regional level today. Urban planners in the modern worlds must be part REFORMER, VISIONARY, DESIGNER AND POLITICIAN. Countries Contribution in Planning FRENCH CONTRIBUTION ⇒ Remarkable inventiveness in developing new organizations and new techniques of planning ⇒ At the national/regional scale, they developed a planning apparatus which is unparalleled in its comprehensiveness and sophistication in the development world ⇒ Regional Planning was an invention of the French. GERMAN Contribution ⇒ Decentralized planning being a Federal republic. ⇒ Local governments enjoy a considerable degree of financial autonomy. ⇒ Freedom in the implementation of policies. ⇒ Zoning was attributed to the Germans. SCANDINAVIANS CONTRBUTION ⇒ Sweden and Denmark is characterized by a remarkable degree on concentration of its population within a few major urban regions. ⇒ State began to buy land all around the city to guarantee planned development. ⇒ City region concept was well implemented in Scandinavia. ⇒ Finger plan in Copenhagen - Transport-corridors. NETHERLANDS CONTRIBUTION ⇒ Ranstad (Ring City) – Polycentric metropolis. ⇒ Cities within the complex perform broadly different functions. Government is concentrated in Hague Port is Industries in Rotterdam. Finance/Retail in Amsterdam Lighter industries/service ina number of smaller centers. USA CONTRIBUTION ⇒ Regional Science/Studies ⇒ Citizen Participation ⇒ Private Initiative in planning ⇒ Ad hoc, single agencies, i.e., planning commissions, board of education, sewer commission. History of Planning in the Philippines  What are the characteristics of Pre-Hispanic Filipino Settlements? Pre-Hispanic Filipinos were predominantly migrants of Malayan and Indonesian stock. The communities called barangays were settled by separate kinship groups within their respective defined territories.  Their houses were along river banks or over shallow waters. Prior to the coming of the Spaniards in the 16thcentury, a few villages were becoming “supra-barangays” (Reed, R. Hispanic Urbanism in the Philippines: A Study of Imperial of Church and State University of Manila, 1967). Notable among these were the settlements of Manila and Cebu. In the case of Manila, it already had a homogenous population of 3,000 inhabitants at the time of its conquest.  It had become an important Muslim outpost held by Rajah Soliman – a bamboo barricaded town resisting Dutch and Chinese invaders. It was razed to the ground in a battle between the natives and a Spanish exploration in 1570. It was soon rebuilt and made the center of Spanish colonial activities. What are the characteristics of Philippine Settlements in the Colonial Years and what events led to these? By the middle of the 16th century, the archipelago experienced its exploitation by a European colonial power and for over three centuries, Spain molded and colonized the islands with its hard policy of Gold, Cross and Sword  It will be noted that religion and the Spanish government, based on economic exploitation, determined the settlement platters in the islands. The Spanish form of settlement provided for effective control of the pueblos (town). The natives were introduced to the gridiron arrangements – “plaza complex”.  The dominant structures were the church and the town hall around a town plaza. Streets were laid out so as to provide a continuous route for religious processions. Around the edifices revolved the residences of the Spaniards, the principalia and the masses.  The clergy learned from resettlements projects in Hispanic America that compact villages provided a framework for rapid Christian indoctrination and societal organization. From a bamboo – barricaded outpost, Manila turned into Intramuros, a fortified walled city.  As the city took its place in the economic scheme of the Galleon Trade, several patterns of decentralization and locality concentration came into being. South of the City, a group of wealthy Filipinos occupied the settlement of Malate and soon Japanese settlers were found in San Miguel and Paco.  By 1650, approximately 15,000 Chinese occupied Parian, the settlement relegated to them by the Spaniards. More than 7,000 Spaniards lived in Intramuros and 20,000 Filipinos settled throughout the outlying sectors.  Towards the end of the 19thcentury, road building programs were initiated by the Spanish government. The Manila-Dagupan railway line was constructed. Similar other settlements were built by the Spaniards throughout the islands, Fort Del Pilar in Zamboanga, Davao, Ilocos, Visayas etc.  What were the features of Philippine Settlements in the American Era? The Americans were able to do a lot more than the Spaniards for the physical and political development of the Philippines in less than 5 decades. The Americans saw the urgent need for guiding the urban growth and physical development of the country. They concentrated in planning cities where growth was inevitable.  In 1904, Daniel Burnham, together with Pierce Anderson surveyed Manila, Baguio and other cities. By this time, Manila had a population of 200,000. The plan for Manila submitted in 1705 included the following: a) Development of the waterfront and location of parts and parkways so as to give the proper means of recreation to every quarter of the city; b) Street system securing direct and easy communication from one district to another; c) Location of building site for various activities; d) Development of waterways for transportation; e) Summer resorts  The plan was accepted and the Office of Consulting Architect was created the following year by the Philippine Commission Act 1495. What were the characteristics of Philippine Settlements in the New Republic? Like other countries, the problem of housing, health and sanitation became the preoccupation in the field of planning. The people’s Home site and Housing Corporation (PHHC) now National Housing Corporation (NHA) purchased 1,572 has. for P 2 million in Quezon City. The different housing projects, including the UP site were part of this area.  The 1934 census gave 623,497 as the population of Manila. The National Parks Office was a creation of Pres. Quezon with the help of Louis Craft. This American Adviser on national parks and land planning served Presidents Quezon, Osmeña, Roxas and Quirino What were the characteristics of Philippine Settlements during World War II? During the Second World War, four- fifths of GMA was destroyed. Manila was converted into a “giant slum”. To arrest the housing problem, Pres. Roxas instructed the National Housing Commission in 1946 to build houses for the US-Philippine War Damage Commission.  The National Urban Planning Commission was also created during that same year. It had the purpose of preparing general plans, zoning ordinances and subdivision regulations for war devastated areas. A Real Property Board was also created to attend to real estate problems resulting in the plan implementation of NUPC in Manila in 1947. What were the developments affecting Philippine Post war Settlements? In 1950, Pres. Quirino created the National Planning Commission (NPC) absorbing the NUPC, CCPC & RPB. The new agency was intended for more integrated planning for both urban and regional areas at a greater efficiency and economy. NPC prepared a master plan for Manila which was submitted to Pres. Magsaysay in 1954 The plan had the following objectives: a) Make Manila a convenient and ideal place to live, work, play and own b) Remedy the critical traffic congestion and, at the same time, provide for anticipated traffic needs c) Prevent overcrowding of population d) Use land to the best advantage and bring order and reason to the undesirable mixture of homes, stores and factories e) Distribute equitable the much- needed elementary schools and playgrounds f) Protect and promote healthy property values g) Utilize existing improvements, as much as possible What were the characteristics of Philippine Marcos Regime? In terms of economic development, Establishment of the UP Institute the Philippines was no. 2 in of Planning, now the School of Southeast Asia, Massive Urban and Regional Planning. infrastructure projects nationwide; Establishment of the Philippine Introduction of national socio- Institute of Environmental Planners. economic planning; regional planning and local planning; linear PD 1308 professionalizing the development; resettlement projects; field of Environmental Planning. new towns; industrial estates; human settlements concept; physical planning at the national – regional – local planning levels  National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) 1972 Urban and Rural Bliss Program Presidential Economic Staff (PES) Kilusang Kabuhayan at Kaunlaran Ministry of Human Settlements (MHS) Physical Planning Strategy for the Philippines Human Settlements Commission (HSC) Metro Manila Bay Strategic Plan Metro Manila Commission (MMC) Mindanao Regional Development Strategy National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation Task Force on Human Settlements/PPDO (NHMFC) Merger National Housing Corporation (NHC) Framework Plan for the Philippines PHHC - NHA Metro Manila Strategic Plan HFC - Home Financing Corporation Tondo Foreshore Project National Coordinating Council for Town Development Academy of the Philippines Planning, Zoning and Housing Regional Development Councils/RDS Human Settlements Development Corporation Bliss Development Corporation Technology Resource Center Lungsod Silangan Project INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE PHILIPPINES  The indigenous peoples constitute a significant segment of Philippine Society. Having successfully resisted western colonial influence, they now live in the dignity of their indigenous culture which is the hallmark of their identity. These communities are composed of 110 ethno linguistic groups found in the various parts of the archipelago. On account of centuries-long isolation, they have generally fallen behind the mainstream population in terms of socioeconomic development.  Define as a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community or communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed and utilized such territories sharing common band of language, customs, traditions and other distinctive cultural traits, or who have through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of colonization, nonindigenous religions and cultures became historically differentiated from the majority Filipinos.  They are likewise peoples who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the population which inhabited the country, at the same time of conquest, of the establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions, but who may have been displaced from their traditional domains or who may resettled outside their ancestral domains.  They are found among the poverty stricken sector of the Philippine population such as upland, coastal and lowland areas. Those hinterlands are the last remaining repositories of the country. Our land-based natural resources and have been the targets of development projects that have encroached on their ancestral domain and have posed a threat to the continuation of their distinct way of life. WHAT ARE THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES? Right to ownership Right to develop land and natural resources a)Right to ancestral Right to stay in territories domain Right to resettlement in case of displacement Right to save and clean air and water Right to resolve conflict Right to regulate entry of migrants  Right to use/own accepted justice systems, conflict b) Right to self-governance resolution institutions, peace and empowerment building processes or mechanisms and other customary laws and practices. Right to participate in decision- making and to determine priorities in development  Right to equal protection and nondiscrimination, particularly in employment rights, basic services, education. c) Social justice and Rights to special protection and human rights security in periods of armed conflict.  Respect, recognition and protection of the right to preserve and protect their culture, traditions and institutions. d) Cultural integrity Provide equal access to various cultural opportunities through the educational system, cultural entities, scholarships, grants, etc. Elimination of prejudice and discrimination, and promotion of tolerance, understanding and good relations among ICC/IPs and all segments of society  Right to practice cultural traditions and customs; right to restitution of cultural, intellectual, religious and spiritual property taken without the free and informed consent. Right to manifest, practice, develop and teach their spiritual and religious traditions, customs and ceremonies. Right to maintain, protect and have access to their religious and cultural sites, to use and control ceremonial objects  Right to full ownership, control and protection of their cultural and ceremonial rights. Right to control, develop and protect their sciences, technologies and cultural manifestations, including human and genetic resources. Right to conserve, use and enhance biological and genetic resources. Right to a sustainable agro- technological development Identifying and Recognizing IP Communities and Tribes A. Cultural mapping of all IP Communities B. Survey and Delineation of Ancestral Domains C. Issuance of CADC / CALT D. Consensus Building for Free and Prior Informed Consent of IP Communities  Establishing Model Ancestral Domain Communities A. Providing Development B. Protection and Empowerment of Assistance IPs 1. Ancestral Domain Management 1. Quick Response to Address Critical Planning Situations 2. ICC / IP Capability Building for 2. Adjudication of Conflicts Ancestral Domain Management 3. Domain Security and Protection 3. Delivery of Basic Services 4. Link to all Concern Agencies 4. Sustainable Development of Ancestral Domains C. Mainstreaming Delivery of Services to IPs 1. Securing Government Inter-agency Services - Scholarship / Education Program 2. International Agencies Support Services (UNDP, ADB, WB and UNHR) End…. Thank You…