Urban Planning Basics

Questions and Answers

What is a primary goal of planning in relation to resources?

To minimize the role of social objectives in decision making

To allocate resources for maximum efficiency and benefit (correct)

To increase competition among private institutions

To generate profit for public institutions

How does planning incorporate the needs of nature?

By allocating resources without any regard for sustainability

By prioritizing economic goals over environmental concerns

By disregarding environmental aspects in favor of urban expansion

By reconciling resource allocation with the requirement of a sustainable future (correct)

In urban planning, what aspect is emphasized when anticipating change?

Arbitrating between various forces that affect urban development (correct)

Ignoring historical influences on urban development

Assessing only economic factors without social implications

Focusing solely on the aesthetic design of urban spaces

What is one of the critical aspects of urban planning mentioned?

Protecting beneficial elements of existing cities while facilitating growth Signup and view all the answers

What dual nature of planning is highlighted in the content?

It combines elements of both art and science Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary function of the National Planning Commission created by President Quirino?

To integrate planning for urban and regional areas Signup and view all the answers

Which objective of the master plan for Manila focused on addressing traffic issues?

Remedy the critical traffic congestion Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic was associated with the economic development during the Marcos regime?

Introduction of national socio-economic planning Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the intended outcomes of using land effectively according to Manila's master plan?

Creating a balanced mixture of homes and businesses Signup and view all the answers

What initiative was introduced to professionalize the field of environmental planning during the Marcos regime?

Establishment of the Philippine Institute of Environmental Planners Signup and view all the answers

Which group predominantly settled the Pre-Hispanic Filipino communities known as barangays?

Malayan and Indonesian stock Signup and view all the answers

What geographical feature was commonly associated with Pre-Hispanic Filipino house settlements?

River banks Signup and view all the answers

What significant development occurred among a few villages prior to Spanish colonization?

Creation of larger barangays known as supra-barangays Signup and view all the answers

Which two settlements are specifically mentioned as notable Pre-Hispanic barangays?

Manila and Cebu Signup and view all the answers

The communities of barangays were organized around which social structure?

Kinship groups Signup and view all the answers

How did the terrain affect the location of Pre-Hispanic Filipino settlements?

They constructed houses along river banks for water access. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the smaller, localized governance structures in Pre-Hispanic Philippines?

Baranggays Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a factor in the organization of Pre-Hispanic Filipino settlements?

Religious affiliations Signup and view all the answers

What major development planning effort was initiated by Daniel Burnham in the Philippines?

Urban planning for Manila and other cities Signup and view all the answers

Which feature was NOT included in the 1905 plan for Manila?

Establishment of factories Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary aim of the National Urban Planning Commission created in 1946?

To prepare general plans and zoning ordinances for war-damaged areas Signup and view all the answers

During the American Era, which organization was established to address housing issues?

People’s Home site and Housing Corporation Signup and view all the answers

Which population figure was recorded for Manila in the 1934 census?

623,497 Signup and view all the answers

What was described as a major consequence of World War II in Manila?

Transformation into a giant slum Signup and view all the answers

Which individual played a critical role in planning the National Parks during Quezon's presidency?

Louis Craft Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the focuses of the planning in the New Republic era in the Philippines?

Health and sanitation in housing Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition of Planning

Planning involves a series of intentional actions aimed at problem-solving in a systematic way.
It aims to anticipate and guide change through informed decisions that balance public and private interests.
The process also involves managing competing social, economic, political, and physical forces.

Resource Allocation

It focuses on the efficient distribution of scarce resources, especially land, to achieve maximum benefit for individuals and society.
Planning must consider environmental sustainability and the needs of nature for a sustainable future.

Objectives of Planning

Planning seeks to reconcile social and economic goals of both public and private entities.
It emphasizes the optimal use of resources while considering the built environment and community welfare.

Role of Urban Planning

Urban planning specifically addresses established physical, economic, social, and political conditions.
Planners have the responsibility to preserve the positive attributes of cities while facilitating growth and adaptation.

Importance of Historical Knowledge

A strong understanding of historical contexts is crucial for effective urban planning.
Urban planning has developed as both an art and a science over the past 6,000 years.

Urban Planning Characteristics

Federal democracy requires local urban and regional planning without centralized national frameworks.
Urban planners combine roles of reformer, visionary, designer, and politician.

Global Contributions to Urban Planning

French Contribution

Known for innovative organizations and techniques in planning.
Developed a comprehensive and sophisticated planning apparatus at national and regional levels.
Regional planning was a French invention.

German Contribution

Operates under decentralized planning as a Federal republic.
Local governments possess significant financial autonomy and policy implementation freedom.
Zoning practices originated in Germany.

Scandinavian Contribution

Sweden and Denmark feature concentrated populations in major urban areas.
Governments began acquiring land around cities for planned development.
The city-region concept is effectively utilized, exemplified by the Finger Plan in Copenhagen, focusing on transport corridors.

Netherlands Contribution

The Ranstad (Ring City) represents a polycentric metropolis with diverse city functions.
Key cities include The Hague (government), Rotterdam (industry), and Amsterdam (finance/retail).

USA Contribution

Pioneered Regional Science/Studies and emphasized citizen participation in planning.
Encouraged private initiatives and the establishment of ad hoc agencies like planning commissions.

Pre-Hispanic Filipino Settlements

Settlements comprised predominantly of Malayan and Indonesian migrants, organized into barangays by kinship.
Homes were located near rivers or on shallow waters.
Emergence of "supra-barangays" before Spanish colonization; notable settlements included Manila and Cebu.

Developments in Philippine Post-War Settlements

In 1950, the National Planning Commission (NPC) was established to enhance integrated urban and regional planning.
The NPC created a master plan for Manila to improve living conditions, address traffic issues, manage population density, and optimize land use.

Characteristics of Philippine Marcos Regime

The Philippines ranked second in Southeast Asia for economic development.
Significant infrastructure projects launched, and national socio-economic planning was introduced.
Established the UP Institute of Planning and the Philippine Institute of Environmental Planners.

Features of Philippine Settlements in the American Era

American governance spurred rapid urban and political development.
Focused on urban planning amid inevitable growth, exemplified by Daniel Burnham’s 1904 surveys of Manila and Baguio.
Proposed a plan for Manila emphasizing parks, transportation, and recreational spaces.

Characteristics of Philippine Settlements in the New Republic

Addressed housing, health, and sanitation issues as core planning concerns.
The National Housing Corporation (formerly PHHC) bought land for housing projects.
1934 census recorded a Manila population of 623,497; created the National Parks Office for land management.

Characteristics During World War II

World War II led to extensive destruction in Manila, which became a "giant slum."
Post-war efforts initiated by Pres. Roxas through the National Housing Commission focused on rebuilding.
Formation of the National Urban Planning Commission to create zoning regulations and general plans for devastated areas.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts in urban planning, including its definition, objectives, and resource allocation. Explore how planners navigate social, economic, and environmental considerations to guide community development effectively.