Philosophy and Spirituality PDF

PHILOSOPHY AND SPIRITUALITY  LESSON OBJECTIVES:  Discuss theories and perspectives  Define the spirit and its characteristics  Compare religious and philosophical views regarding the human spirit  Discuss how spirituality defines human nature and VIDEO REFLECTION: 1....

PHILOSOPHY AND SPIRITUALITY  LESSON OBJECTIVES:  Discuss theories and perspectives  Define the spirit and its characteristics  Compare religious and philosophical views regarding the human spirit  Discuss how spirituality defines human nature and VIDEO REFLECTION: 1. How is “spirit” being defined or explained in the video? 2. What are your personal thoughts on the soul or spirit?  SPIRIT OR SOUL The immortal, noncorporeal essence of a man. For Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, man is the only being with a soul. While for other religions like Jainism and Hinduism, they recognize that other living beings also possess souls. Meanwhile, for Shintoism, non-living things such as mountains and rivers also possess a soul.  SPIRIT OR SOUL The immortal, noncorporeal essence of a man. For Judaism, Islam, and Christianity, man is the only being with a soul. While for other religions like Jainism and Hinduism, they recognize that other living beings also possess souls. Meanwhile, for Shintoism, non-living things such as mountains and rivers also possess a soul.  EMBODIMENT  Is a central concept in discussing the nature of the human soul,  Embodied Cognition- that man is able to perceive and experience reality through his physical body.  emphasizes the role of the body in shaping the mind and our cognitive processes  ENACTIVISM  states that cognition arises through the interaction between an organism and its environment  Cognition is not something that happens in the brain alone but is the product of an organism’s ongoing interaction with its environment.  PHYSIC ALISM  Physicalism asserts that all entities, events, and properties in the universe are physical in nature, or reducible to physical phenomena  For example, even things like consciousness, emotions, or beliefs are ultimately seen as byproducts or emergent properties of physical brain processes.  IDEAL ISM  holds that mental processes and thoughts are the only reality.  Idealists hold that reality is fundamentally mental, spiritual, or ideational, and that the material world either depends on or is a manifestation of mind or consciousness  CHRISTIANISM  holds that the spirit is created by God that upon the body’s demise, the spirit continues to persist into the afterlife  St. Thomas Aquinas believed that the soul is the first actuality of the body that for there to be a body, there should be a soul  St. Augustine of Hippo considered the soul the driving force which governs the body and defines the human person  DU AL ISM  believes in the distinctiveness of the physical and mental nature of man  Avicenna believed that self-awareness and consciousness exists even if the body is deprived of its senses.  Rene Descartes proposed that mind and body exist as two separate entities which interact with one- another  ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT- contends that since man, a rational being, is able to conceive the notion of a Supreme Being, then it holds to reason that such Supreme Being exist TELEOLOGICAL ARGUMENT- focuses on the purposes a God would play in the universe, that a Supreme Being is necessary for the IF THERE IS A continued existence of an orderly universe SPIRIT, IS THERE A GOD? COSMOLOGICAL ARGUMENT- considers the nature of existence and the universe and recognizes the existence of God as an explanation of how things came to being in our reality. MORAL ARGUMENT- holds that man’s ethical nature is brought about by the existence of God. It is from Him that all standards of goodness are based.  GOD’S PRESENCE IMMANENCE- regards God as manifesting IN THIS UNIVERSE himself in the world as a unique entity. M AY B E S E E N A S TRANSCENDENCE- God as existing outside EITHER IMMANENT the material world and whose presence is O R T RA N S C E N D E N T beyond physical laws and even human knowledge and understanding. 1. PANENTHEISTIC VIEW- God is both beyond and within the universe 2. PANTHEISTIC VIEW- God is an all- encompassing presence and has no distinct presence as an entity. 3. PANDEISTIC VIEW- God was a distinct entity but lost this state when he transformed himself into the universe  P E R F O R M A N C E TA S K 2. 1 I N S T R U C T I O N S : M A K E A P O S I T I O N PA P E R ANCHORED ON THE QUESTION AND TITLE “DOES ONE NEED TO BE RELIGIOUS TO BELIEVE IN THE EXISTENCE OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT AND GOD?” T H E E N T I R E PA P E R S H O U L D B E C O M P O S E D O F E X A C T LY 5 0 0 W O R D S , T H AT I N C L U D E S T H E I N T R O D U C T I O N , B O DY , A N D C O N C LU S I O N O F T H E PA P E R. O N T H E S E C O N D PA G E O F YO U R PA P E R , AT TA C H A S C R E E N S H O T O F T H E R E S U LT O F A I C H E C K E R T O E N S U R E T H AT N O N - U S A G E O F A I G E N E R AT O R I S S T R I C T LY O B S E R V E D. T H E F O R M AT I S F O U N D O N T H I S Q R C O D E T H AT S H O U L D B E S T R I C T LY F O L L O W E D. 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