The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit PDF

The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit  a limiting rule or circumstance Limitations represents the prevention of something from growing or extending beyond certain limits  the act of moving beyond physical needs and realities Transcendence existence beyond...

The Human Person as an Embodied Spirit  a limiting rule or circumstance Limitations represents the prevention of something from growing or extending beyond certain limits  the act of moving beyond physical needs and realities Transcendence existence beyond material existence  an inner, transcendental possession of living things The Soul the human soul is interconnected with a man’s will and thinking; can think, dream, imagine, memorize, reason out Embodied Spirit  The Concept of Monism, and Dualism  “The nature of the human person is seen in the dichotomy between the body and soul.”  Dualism Dualism, generally, refers to the idea that there are two fundamental kinds or categories of things or principles. In the philosophy of mind, dualism is the theory that the mental and the physical—or mind and body or mind and brain—are, in some sense, radically different kinds of thing. The dualistic view, therefore, sees man as composed of mind and body-the mental and the physical. In its strongest form, dualism suggests that man is mind and body. In a somewhat weaker, but more subtle form, psyche soma it implies that mental events are correlated with physical events, or that the mind influences the body.  Monism Monism, in contrast, refers to the idea that there is only one fundamental kind, category of thing or principle. The monistic model rejects any splitting of man into parts and views him as a unified organism of great complexity and varied functioning. emphasizes man’s absolute basic unity The Human Person Across Cultures Hinduism  Hinduism Hinduism is said to be the oldest living religion. It has no single founder, no single scripture, and no commonly agreed set of teachings, which therefore make Hinduism is it look more like a way of life or a family of religions more than a single religion. primarily concerned with samsara or reincarnation, bound to the law of Karma (action). reincarnation samsara Brahman Hindus generally believe that the soul is eternal but is bound by the law of Karma (action) to the world dharma Moksha of matter, which it can escape only after spiritual progress through an endless series of births.  Hinduism The Four Primary wealth pleasure Values of Hinduism duty enlightenment Moksha = Oneness with reality. Brahman This oneness is the Absolute, or Brahman, which the mind can never fully grasp or express in words. Only Brahman is real. When we realize this unity with the absolute, we realize our true destiny. Buddhism Attending to one’s dharma or duty, with right spiritual attitudes coupled with a self-imposed discipline whereby bodily desires would be channeled in the right directions, the Buddha believes one can achieve the ultimate state of the soul or nirvana. Nirvana Nirvana is a state of spiritual joy, without negative emotions or fears. Attaining Nirvana or reaching enlightenment means extinguishing the three fires of greed, delusion and hatred. Buddhism generally is the search for the answers to the riddle of life’s sufferings, disease, old age, and death. Buddhism  Gautama's life was devoted to sharing his “Dharma” or Law of Salvation—a simple presentation of the gospel of inner cultivation of right spiritual attitudes, coupled with a self-imposed discipline whereby bodily desires would be channeled in the right directions. The transformation of one’s mind.  The Four Noble Truths 1 Life is full of suffering; 2 Suffering is caused by passionate desires, lusts, cravings; 3 Only as these are obliterated, will suffering cease; 4 Such eradication of desire may be accomplished only by following the Eightfold Path of earnest endeavor.  right belief in and acceptance right meditation, or concentration to of the Fourfold Truth the point of complete absorption right aspirations for one’s right mindfulness in choosing self and for others topics for thought The Eight fold Path right endeavor or effort to direct right speech that harms no one one’s energies toward desirable ends right conduct, motivated by right means of livelihood, or earning goodwill toward all humans beings one’s living by honorable means Christianity theistic hypothesis God’s existence  For Augustine, philosophy is amor sapiential, the love of wisdom; it's aim is to produce happiness and wisdom is as existent as the Divine Logos (divine reason). Augustine thinks that the human being is a compound of body and soul, and that, within this compound, the soul – conceived as both life-giving element and the center of consciousness, perception and thought – is, ought to be, the ruling part. St Augustine of Hippo  Augustine insists that the mind is created in the image of God, not because it is capable of self-knowledge, but because it has the potential to become wise (to remember, and know and love God, its creator).  For St. Thomas Aquinas, of all creatures, human beings have the unique power to change themselves and things for the better because the human being is a moral agent. Aquinas maintains that the soul is capable of existing apart from the living body after the death of the body, because the soul is incorruptible. St Thomas Aquinas