PHC 1-2 2024 First Year Ali Abutiheen PDF

5/6/2024 Health & Primary Health Care (PHC) ‫د علي عبد الرضا أبو طحين‬.‫ا‬ ‫إستشاري طب األسرة‬ Objectives To identify levels of health services To distinguish between Primary and secondary services. 1  5/6/2024...

5/6/2024 Health & Primary Health Care (PHC) ‫د علي عبد الرضا أبو طحين‬.‫ا‬ ‫إستشاري طب األسرة‬ Objectives To identify levels of health services To distinguish between Primary and secondary services. 1  5/6/2024 1- Definition of health A state of complete physical, mental and social, wellbeing , and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, ً ‫ الصحة هي حالة من اكتمال السالمة بدنيا ً وعقليا‬ ‫ ال مجرد انعدام المرض أو العجز‬،ً‫واجتماعيا‬ it is a fundamental human right. Prevention better than cure ‫ خير من قنطار عالج‬.. ‫درهم وقاية‬ 2  5/6/2024 Levels of health services delivery? PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SECONDARY HEALTH CARE TERTIARY HEALTH CARE 3  5/6/2024 Secondary HC versus PHC ❑Curative in nature ** Preventive & curative ❑Deal with Patients ** clients is more suitable ❑Expensive ** much cheaper ❑High technology ** not need high technology ❑Deal with sick. ** deal with sick and healthy ❑Deal with individuals *** Individuals and groups ❑(disease-oriented)..***.. (person and community oriented) ❑Episodic problem..***.. Continuous ❑Discourage traditional Care *** accordingly (good- promote; harmful- combat, none of – leave for current time 4  5/6/2024 Primary care is the first point of contact a person has with the health system – the point where people receive care for most of their everyday health needs. Primary care is typically provided by family physicians, and by nurses, dietitians, mental health professionals, pharmacists, therapists, and others. 5  5/6/2024 Primary care includes the Health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of various health conditions. It also includes referrals to specialists and diagnostic services such as laboratory tests or X-rays. Family doctors or GPs (PHC centers) routinely provide primary care services. Family physicians are often the first place patients seek appointments for their primary care needs.. 6  5/6/2024 Primary health care (PHC) PHC is essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford to maintain at every stage of their development in the spirit of self- reliance and self-determination. Secondary care Is a service provided by medical specialists who generally do not have first contact with patients, for example, cardiologists, urologists and dermatologists. A physician might voluntarily limit his or her practice to secondary care by refusing patients who have not seen a primary care provider first, or a physician may be required, usually by various payment agreements, to limit the practice this way. 7  5/6/2024 Tertiary healthcare Is a specialized consultative care, usually on referral from primary or secondary medical care personnel, by specialists working in a center that has personnel and facilities for special investigation and treatment. Specialist cancer care, neurosurgery (brain surgery), burns care and plastic surgery, Oncology are examples of tertiary care services. Declaration of Alma-Ata International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, USSR, 6-12 September 1978 8  5/6/2024 Ranking and Comparing between countries in regard to health is mainly based or depends on PHC indicators Newer definition of PHC "PHC is a whole-of-society approach to health that aims at ensuring the highest possible level of health and well-being and their equitable distribution by focusing on people’s needs and as early as possible along the continuum from health promotion and disease prevention to treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care, and as close as feasible to people’s everyday environment 9  5/6/2024 Primary Health Care: the Driving Force for developing National Health Systems WELLNESS HEALTH PROMOTION ORIENTED RISK FACTOR ORIENTED DISEASE ORIENTED ILLNESS Declaration of Alma-Ata 1978 International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, USSR, 6-12 September 1978 After Small pox eradication 10  5/6/2024 Declaration of Alma-Ata Equity Health as a socio-economic issue Rights approach to health Community participation Government's responsibility Intersectoral coordination Health for all the people of the world by the year 2000 Equity The existing gross inequality in the health status of the people particularly between developed and developing countries as well as within countries is politically, socially and economically unacceptable and is, therefore, of common concern to all countries. 11  5/6/2024 Health as a socio-economic issue Economic and social development, is of basic importance to the fullest attainment of health for all and to the reduction of the gap between the health status of the developing and developed countries. The promotion and protection of the health of the people is essential to sustained economic and social development and contributes to a better quality of life and to world peace. Rights approach to health The people have the right and duty to participate individually and collectively in the planning and implementation of their health care. World Health Day 2024: My health, my right 12  5/6/2024 World Health Day 2024 "My health, my right" Community participation There must be a continuing effort to secure meaningful involvement of the community in the planning, implementation and maintenance of health services, beside maximum reliance on local resources such as manpower, money and materials. 13  5/6/2024 Government's responsibility Governments have a responsibility for the health of their people which can be fulfilled only by the provision of adequate health and social measures. A main social target of governments, international organizations and the whole world community in the coming decades should be the attainment by all peoples of the world by the year 2000 of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life. Primary health care is the key to attaining this target as part of development in the spirit of social justice Intersectoral coordination Primary health care involves in addition to the health sector, all related sectors and aspects of national and community development, in particular agriculture, animal husbandry, food, industry, education, housing, public works, communication and other sectors. 14  5/6/2024 Health for all the people of the world by the year 2000 Elements (activities) of PHC 1. Health Education\ Health promotion. 2. Promotion of Food supply and proper Nutrition. 3. adequate supply of Safe Water and basic Sanitation. 4. Maternal and Child Health Care(MCH), including Family Planning. 5. Immunizations against the major infectious diseases. 15  5/6/2024 Elements (activities) of PHC cont. 6. Prevention and control of locally Endemic diseases 7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries. 8. Provision of Essential drugs. 9. Promotion of school & Mental health services, 10. Non communicable diseases control (NCDs) Early detection of Diabetes (DM) & Hypertension, Cancer , etc.**. 16  5/6/2024 Declaration of Astana 2018 It centres around 4 commitments: 1. Making bold political choices for health across all sectors; 2. Building sustainable primary health care – adapted to each country’s local context; 3. Empowering individuals and communities; 4. Aligning stakeholder support to national policies. All people, everywhere, deserve the right care, right in their community. This is the fundamental premise of primary health care. By providing care in the community as well as care through the community, PHC addresses not only individual and family health needs, but also the broader issue of public health and the needs of defined populations. 17  5/6/2024 Primary health care (PHC) addresses the majority of a person’s health needs throughout their lifetime. This includes physical, mental and social well-being and it is people-centred rather than disease-centred. PHC is a whole-of-society approach that includes health promotion, disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care. Newer definition of PHC "PHC is a whole-of-society approach to health that aims at ensuring the highest possible level of health and well-being and their equitable distribution by focusing on people’s needs and as early as possible along the continuum from health promotion and disease prevention to treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care, and as close as feasible to people’s everyday environment 18  5/6/2024 A primary health care approach includes three components: ❑Meeting people’s health needs throughout their lives; ❑Addressing the broader determinants of health through multisectoral policy and action; and ❑Empowering individuals, families and communities to take charge of their own health. Levels of action –At home level –At Community level –At Health services level 19  5/6/2024 Health Education The objectives is to make people 1- want to be healthy 2- know how to allow health 3- what they can do to seek help when they need Health Education (cont.) At home level Knowledge of health value & know how to maintain it. Understanding local health hazards & how to avoid them. Recognize health & disease and ability to self care or seek help 20  5/6/2024 Health Education (cont.) At community level: Provision & access to information on health problem and method of prevention. Understanding of available health services. Provision of h. information through mass media. Health Education (cont.) Health service level: Counseling of patient & promotion of h. problem. Provision of h. information. Organizing of h. education sessions. Close cooperation with mass media. 21  5/6/2024 Thank you ⚫ https://www.who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/primary-health-care Prof. Dr. Ali A. AbuTiheen Consultant Family Medicine 22