Introduction to Healthcare System PDF

Introduction to healthcare system Dr/ Hoda Khalifa Professor of Histology and cell biology Vice dean of students’ affairs  Transfer Goal ► Be oriented with the healthcare system and his future role as a physician. ► What do you want to kn...

Introduction to healthcare system Dr/ Hoda Khalifa Professor of Histology and cell biology Vice dean of students’ affairs  Transfer Goal ► Be oriented with the healthcare system and his future role as a physician. ► What do you want to know about health& the healthcare system in Egypt?  Health- disease Governmental - private Outpatient- inpatient Hospitals of Ministry Of Health& High Education 1ry, 2ry & 3ry healthcare Hospitals of Health Insurance- Military Hospitals Ambulatory- stationary MS or MD Egyptian Fellowship, Arab Board Of Doctors& others  Students’ learning outcomes At the end of this lecture the student will be able to: Discuss health dimensions Classify the health care services according to level, site, patients’ stay, rapidity and finance Identify his road to be specialist  Outline What is health and its dimensions? What are the levels of health care What are the elements of primary health care? How to be a specialist? What is inpatient and outpatient medical services? How can the patient choose a hospital?  Do you know such terms? ► Health promotion: The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. ► Health education: One of the measure of health promotion directed towards personal hygiene, nutrition, life style adopted by individual/ group of people by him self or themselves ► Health counselling: Any assistance to an individual seeking to solve any health problem Dimensions of Health  2ry 1ry 3ry Level Governmental Inpatient payment private stay Health Financial Ministry Outpatient care Fund of Health Interior High education Emergency Urgent services and Defense Rapid Rapidity Site Medical Semi- elective center Clinic Hospital Elective Polyclinic Center of Excellence  Levels of Healthcare ► Primary care General practitioner ► Secondary care is the care of a specialist. ► Tertiary care is a higher level of specialized care within a hospital.  Primary Healthcare: The primary focus is on the basic healthcare services that address the health issues faced by an individual. The care is mostly provided by a general physician, and they do not require a specialist Needs: Illness: When you notice a new symptom or infection. Injury: acute medical problem. Referral: to specialists and other levels of care. Who can offer this service? Doctors. Nurse practitioners Physician assistants  Nutrition vaccination Elements of Maternal & child health Primary Infectious disease prevention & treatment health care Endemic disease treatment Drug availability Health education & counselling Providers  Secondary Healthcare: Specialists ► The providers act as a channel of communication for a better advanced medical care. ► Specialists focus either on a specific system of the body or a particular disease as: Cardiologists focus on the heart and blood vessels. Endocrinologists focus on hormone systems, including diseases like diabetes and thyroid disease. Oncologists specialize in treating cancers, and many focus on a specific type of cancer.  Tertiary Care and Hospitalization ► It requires highly specialized equipment and expertise as advanced diagnostic centers, specialized intensive care units and modern medical. ► It is the site for specialized procedures such as: Coronary artery bypass surgery Plastic & Neurosurgeries Severe burn treatments Complex treatments or procedures  Who can provide the service?  Earning Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery , MBBCH (GP: General Practitioner) How to Completing training & earning Licensing Become a specialist in Egypt? Residency& advances studies Earning advanced certification (Specialist) Arab Board of MS& MD Medical Egyptian Specializations Fellowship USMLE PLAB MCCQE. Patients’ stay  What is outpatient care? ► The patient don’t have to stay in a hospital. ► Outpatient care may be provided in a hospital, as well as a walk-in clinic, an outpatient surgery center, and even the doctor’s office.  What are the types of outpatient care? Medical screenings such as mammogram, colonoscopy, and endoscopy Minor surgeries and procedures that don’t require advanced medical care, such as laser surgery, hand or foot surgery, mole removal, and Lasik eye surgery Certain types of treatment used for ongoing or long-term illnesses, such as dialysis and chemotherapy  What is inpatient care? ► provided in a hospital or other type of inpatient facility, where the patient is admitted, and spend at least one night—or more—depending on his condition. ► The patient is under the care of doctors, nurses, and other types of health care professionals within a hospital. ► Inpatient stay may be planned or unplanned.  What are the examples of inpatient care? Serious illness, such as stroke, heart attack Traumatic injury Severe burns Serious mental health issues, and overdoses Chronic diseases, such as cancer requiring specialized treatment and ongoing care  Site of health care delivery Clinic Mono disciplinary Polyclinic Could be integrated with different specialties Could be integrated with different specialties Medical Center Inpatient& Short term Integrated with different specialties Hospital Inpatient & Long term Highly specialized , integrated with different Center of specialties excellence Inpatient & Long term  Hospitals& Governance ► University hospitals, Research institutes ► Hospitals of Ministry of health ► Health Insurance hospitals ► Military hospitals ► Private hospitals  Hospitals& Governance ► University hospitals, Research institutes Ministry of Higher Education Patients have the liberty of choosing their doctor based on their financial ► Hospitals of Ministry of health abilities Ministry of Health and Population ► Health insurance hospitals Health Insurance Organization ► Military hospitals Ministries of Interior and Defense  Private Healthcare ► Private insurance options and a network of private healthcare providers. ► Profit clinics, hospitals, and pharmacies ► The private medical sector is believed to be superior to the public services, in terms of quality.  Other special hospitals Saudi Arabia to provide 3 Mobile Hospitals for Egypt 2013  Other special hospitals The Floating Hospital “Cruise 4 Good" December 2019 Other special hospitals Disaster hospital (Covid isolation hospital) Other special hospitals Disaster camp hospital  Urgent & Rapidity of providing Emergency (now) treatment Rapid (hours or days) Semi elective (weeks) Elective (months) ► Health dimensions are emotional, intellectual, social, physical and spiritual ► Healthcare’ levels could be primary, secondary or tertiary ► Many ways are available to become a specialist ► The (inpatient-outpatient) decision depends on the needed service and the patient’s condition ► There are many available facilities to offer medical care ► Medical services are variable in term of rapidity and patient’s needs Elden NM, Rizk HI, Wahby G. Improving health system in Egypt: perspectives of physicians. Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine. 2016 Jan;34(1):45-58. Health Care Systems and Policies pp 1-18| Cite as Health System in Egypt; https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-64 19-8_7-1 Key Elements of Primary Health Care (PHC) June 11, 2016 by Maria Mona http://nursingexercise.com/primary-health-care-elements-principles/ https://www.cigna.com/individuals-families/understanding-insurance/w hat-is-inpatient-vs-outpatient-care https://www.verywellhealth.com/primary-secondary-tertiary-and-quatern ary-care-2615354 https://www.astronhealthcare.com/blog/key-ways-to-differentiate-betwee n-primary-secondary-and-tertiary-healthcare/