phase exam questions 2021.pdf

.‫ االسئلة واإلجابات لو فاكرها‬/ ‫نص السؤال‬ ‫ مواد السؤال‬/ ‫اختر مادة‬ *Mechanism of insulin Pharmacology...

.‫ االسئلة واإلجابات لو فاكرها‬/ ‫نص السؤال‬ ‫ مواد السؤال‬/ ‫اختر مادة‬ *Mechanism of insulin Pharmacology ‫ جت من االسئلة اللي نزلتها الدكتورة‬Pathology *One of the following is white cartilage (ear ,larynx , Eustachian tube ,intervertebral disk) Anatomy *Mode of transmission of Acanthamoeba Microbiology *Extension of elbow joint : triceps Anatomy *Umbilical cord : one artery - two veins - carry oxygenated blood Anatomy *distribution of body water Physiology *cardiac output (heart rate x stroke volume) Physiology *normal count of WBCs :4,000-11,000mm3/ml *Cardiac cycle is sequence of events that occurs during one complete heartbeat, its normal Physiology duration is 0.8 sec ‫ واالختيارات كانت نسب بتاعت تحاليل سكر‬Diabetes ‫ *سؤال عن ازاي نشخص مريض عنده‬Physiology water evaporation ‫ *سؤال عن ازاي الجسم بيقلل درجة الحرارة االجابة كانت‬Physiology *Cardiac conditions can be accompanied by Bilateral lower limb oedema Physiology ‫ بيشتغل‬evaporation ‫لما درجة الحرارة بتزيد ال‬- Physiology *ECF ‫كام ف الميه‬ Physiology *Treatment of diabetes mellitus Pharmacology *ascending coronary arteries ‫طالعه منين‬ Anatomy *Origin of placenta Anatomy *The cause of cholesterol accumulation in cells is LCAT-b100-B48 Biochemistry * fetal part of placenta Anatomy, Physiology, *Support of lateral arch of foot Biochemistry, *Regarding Umbilical cord: Arteries disappear at 3rd month Two arteries, one vein, Pathology, Histology, Umbilical vein us oxygenated Pharmacology, *Extensor of forearm: Triceps Microbiology, *Endothelium of heart Simple squamous Parasitology, Family *Most abundant cell in epidermis of skin? Keratinocyte medicine *Ilium characterised by Pyre’s batches *Which cell present in epidermis of thick skin? Fibroblast, Mast cell, Plasma, Langerhans *Cell of bone resorption: Osteoclast *Cell contains histamine Basophil *Ghons major criteria *Type of insulin taken iv in acute DKA? Regular insulin *Chemoprophylaxis of meningitis: Rifampicin 600 mg *10-year boy with elevated neutrophils? Post strept *Crescent RPGN *Drug works on GLP 1 receptor in D.M? *Drug antidiarrheal: Dipheno... *Drug causes macrocytic anaemia: Metphormin present in options *for Gall bladder contraction: cholecystokinin *What is the most sensitive stimulator of thirst: Cold water *Renal threshold of glucose: 180. *D.M-2 Resistance *Fluids balance: Intake =output *Cause of bilateral lower limb oedema: Cardiac *Hemoglobinobathy causes microcytic anaemia by: Deletion alpha Mutation Alpha Deletion Beta Mutation beta  *Arteriolosclerosis +capillary thickening? Microangiopathy, Neuropathy, Nephropathy, Retinopathy. *Hyalinisation of blood vessel Benign hypertension *Frame work mutation? Adding or deleting base *30-year farmer Egyptian male with hepatosplenomegaly: Faciola, Schistosoma *Pathology of giardiasis parasite: Villi atrophy with crypt hypertrophy Intracellular Severe intestinal ulceration *What parasite causes dark urine in urine analysis: Whochnarhe Bancrofti, Malaria Schistosoma *Regarding Mhc2? Chromosome 15 Apc Cd8 in all nucleated tissue Chromosome 15 Cd8 *Transplantation hyper acute reaction? After minutes Days Years *Ant relation of left ureter *Post relation of kidney: Diaphragm *Drug cause macrocytic anaemia *Indicates pancreatitis: Lipase and amylase elevated *Glycogen storage disease with glucosidase deficiency Pomp Von generic *Main source of extracurricular cholesterol to the peripheral tissue? LDL, HDL *Site of fibrocartilage Intervertebral disc * Young Women more protect of atherosclerosis due to? Oestrogen *Secreted by alpha cells to decrease insulin? Glucagon *Function of insulin Inhibit gluconeogenesis. Inhibit glycolysis *Structure affected when uncinated process is swelled? Superior mesenteric, artery Splenic artery, Portal vein, Bile duct *Urobilinogen increase in faeces in which type of jaundice? Obstructive, Gall stone, Haemolytic *Most common type of jaundice in neonate? Physiological. *Pathological jaundice vs physiological? Physiological no need for treatment *Sulfurase is augmented by? Cortisol Sulphonamide *Chemoprophylaxis of meningitis? Rifampicin 600 mg *Vessel supply pancreas and pass superior to its border. Is branch of which vessel? Celiac trunk *True regarding inflammation? Increase exudate *True regarding cell membrane? Mainly glycolipids and glycocqlix Endocytosis of LDL *Phagocytosis is? ingestion of old intracellular organelle, Ingestion of solid particles, Ingestion of fluid *Mechanism of statin on the rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis *Parkinsonism and dopamine ttt? Increase moa Inhibit dopamine oxidase *CSF of bacterial meningitis? *How acantameba reach brain? Via CSF. *NBTE? Non-destructive around line of closure *Woman got infected at her dangerous area of the face Through by which vein infection enters cavernous sinus * What is the most probably nerve to be affected regarding the wall of cavernous sinus. *Deep seated stab wound in a healthy individual heals by? Scar Resolution Regeneration *Someone with 3rd grade burn which of these will be with him: Anatomy, Pathology a. hypotension b. dehydration c. d. * Dangerous area of the face infection reached to brain through a. Emissary vain ophthalmic vain c. cerebral vain d.... enzyme for cholesterol synthesis Biochemistry drug causing macrocytic anaemia Pharmacology %80 ‫ او‬%20 ‫ او‬%40 ‫ او‬%50 ‫في سؤال كان بيقول نسبه السوائل ده داخل الخليه واالختيارات‬ ‫مش متأكد‬ *At which level does the spinal cord end in a new born? Anatomy * The relation of structures to the kidney? * What is the muscle responsible for elbow extension? Triceps Lining of the endocardium of the heart Histology Patient with bilirubin level 2.5 but normal tests and labs with only one cup alcohol Family medicine assumption. How would u manage the patient or what to do next - The most accurate area to measure body temperature? rectal Anatomy, Physiology, - The cytoskeletal part of valves of the heart are formed of which epithelium? Histology, Microbiology - what is the duration of hyperacute reaction according to graft rejection? -Intracellular fluids percentage Physiology Nerve cell does not contain centrioles (not RER OR GOLGI COMPLEX) Histology Renal threshold for glucose is (the answer is 180mg/dl) Physiology 2-Aschoff bodies are indicative of: Pathology a. Active rheumatic myocarditis. b. Healed rheumatic myocarditis. c. Healed nonspecific myocarditis. d. Active non-specific myocarditis 5-Numerous large epithelial crescents occur mainly in: Pathology a-Membranous glomerulonephritis b-Membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis c-Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis d-Minimal change disease 12- Vascular Wall thickening and hyalinization from deposition of insudated proteins, Pathology defined as: A- Benign nephrosclerosis B- Malignant nephrosclerosis C- Minimal change disease D- Chronic G.N Fluid balance is: Input equals the output Physiology in case of increased body temperature: ---> increase sweating Water evaporation Physiology And the best resolution for a thirst sensation is: COLD WATER Physiology the most important complication of sever burn is: dehydration Physiology the percentage of intracellular fluid is: 20%, 40%, 60% or 80% ‫ملحوظة لم يحدد النسبة من ماذا لكن‬ Physiology ‫غالبا يقصد من اجمالي وزن الجسم واالجابة‬40 a case of pain under the angle of mandible is: tonsillitis Physiology body temp. measured more accurate by: rectal route. Physiology Bilateral lower limb oedema caused by: Cardiac conditions can be accompanied Physiology Cardiac cycle is: sequence of events that occurs during one complete heart beat Physiology cardiac output affected by: (heart rate & stroke volume) Physiology the hormone causes gall bladder contraction is: CCK Physiology Differences between the physiological and pathological jaundice: physiological requires no Physiology treatment The baby is at high risk of developing erythroblastosis fetalis and born with jaundice: if the Physiology mother is RH -ve and father RH +ve Normal count of WBCs is: 4,000 11,000 mm 3 /ml Physiology Pathological increase in WBCs count occurs in: Physiology a- tonsillitis b- Menses c- Pregnancy d- Lactation Type II diabetes mellitus describes as: Insulin resistance Physiology Renal threshold for glucose is: 180 mg/dl Physiology muscle that supports lateral arch of the foot: Fibularis longus muscle Anatomy ‫ ايه المرض اللي فيه‬glucosidase deficiency Biochemistry which vein accompanies PICA? Middle cardiac veins Anatomy Which is the most arterial supply of IV septum? Anterior interventricular artery Anatomy *Which is true about the kidney ? Anatomy 1- Renal pelvis anterior to renal arteries 2- extend from T10 to L2 3-posterior surface is covered by diaphragm 4-dont remember this one but it wasn’t right common bile duct empties into ? descending duodenum Anatomy which is true about umbilical cord ? umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood Anatomy midshaft humerus fracture? Anatomy 1- radial nerve 2- median 3- axillary 4- a wrong answer but can’t remember it common ureteric constriction sign ? pelvic inlet ant to common iliac Anatomy muscle responsible for maintaining lateral arch ? fibularis longus Anatomy medial malleolus fracture injuries which artery? Posterior tibial artery Anatomy most common cell in epidermis ? keratinocyte Histology which cell organelle does a neuron lack? Histology 1- Golgi complex 2-RER 3-microtubules 4- Centrioles (right answer) histamine stored in which cell ? basophils Histology a dehydrated kid should drink what to relieve his thirst ? cold water Physiology 2 questions about cardiac cycle ,1st is definition and 2nd is duration Physiology water haemostasis requires ?balance between input and output Physiology 1. Fetal part of placenta is (chorion foundosum) Anatomy, Histology, 2. At which level spinal cord ends (L1). Pharmacology 3. The major blood supply of inter ventricular septum is (posterior interventricular artery). 4.Which enzymatic test ordered in case of pancreatitis (serum amylase and lipase). 5. Site of aortic valve (???). 6. Case of deep injury by glass in hand, what type of healing processes(regeneration). 7. Tumour in the uncinate process of pancreas, what is the obstructed structure (superior mesenteric artery). 8. Cases about affection of splenic artery, what is its origin (celiac trunk). 9. Case about cancer head of pancreas, what is the site of bile duct opening (descending part of duodenum). 10. Boy injured in medial malleolus, what artery is mostly affected (posterior tibial artery). 11. Which of the following supports the lateral arch of the foot (???). 12.What is the most type of cells present in skin (pigment). 13. Macrophages of skin are (Langerhans) 14. Which of the following cells not present in neurons (centrioles). 15. Fibrous cartilage is present in (vertebrae). 16. Third part of small intestine is characterized by (payer patches) 17. Side effect of insulin (Hypokalaemia) 18. Rosiglitazone is from family (Biguanides). 19.Which of the following drugs used to TTT diarrhoea (???). 20. Which of the following antihypoglycemic drugs cause macrocytic anaemia (metformin) 21. Pathology and physiology (from revision of Dr. Noha and Dr. Karman) *which hormone contract Gall bladder ? CCK Physiology *How to differentiate between physiologic and pathologic jaundice ?physiologic requires no ttt a person is hot , how the body responds to release heat ? sweating Physiology *ICF fluid ? 40% Physiology *pain and swelling below mandible ? : acute tonsillitis Physiology *best route for temp measurement ? rectal *bilateral lower limb oedema cause ? cardiac condition *what cardiac output ? stroke multiplied by cardiac output *which is needed for a new-born to have erythroblastosis ? rh -ve mom rh+ve son *DM 2 characteristic finding ? insulin resistance *pathological leucocytosis cause ? tonsillitis ( or some other infection ) *an artery that moves along the superior border of pancreas retroperitonealy originates Anatomy from ? coeliac trunk uncinate process of pancreas swelling compresses ? superior mesenteric artery Anatomy which of these lab findings are found in DM patient? Pathology, ‫مش متأكد‬ 1- random fasting glucose >200 (right one) 2- Post prandial 125 3- HB1ac less than 5 4-fasting blood glucose 110 *giardiasis pathogenesis? villi atrophy Parasitology *how does acnathomeba reach brain ? 1-by blood (according to our summary) 2- by lymph 3-by CSF 4-by olfactory nerve (also correct according to google) * which disease is caused by entomeba histolytica? amoebic dysentery *a farmer had hepatosplenomegaly (can’t recall the rest of his symptoms) what causes his case? I chose Schistosoma , the other relevant but incorrect answer in my opinion is fashiola which drug augments action of sulfonylurea? Pharmacology 1- dioxide 2-thiazide (my choice) 3-sulfonamide 4- some other irrelevant answer *a parkinsonism patient lack dopamine, how to treat him? Biochemistry 1- stimulate metabolites of tyrosine (correct) 2-stimulate MAO 3 and 4 totally irrelevant * which is a metabolite involved in HMG co a reductase? 1- malvonate (correct) 2- acetoacetate *a patient with decreased BUN (and some other signs I can’t recall-mainly hyperammonemia signs) lacks what? Ornithine trans carboxylase enzyme *most important function of insulin? decrease gluconeogenesis *some questions about alpha cells but I can’t remember it *a middle aged male with 1st metatarsal joint inflammation, +ve family history, what is Pathology pathogenesis of his disease? urate crystal deposit *hyalinization of artery caused by? benign neprosclerosis *inflamed cells within basement membrane of 10 y kid is caused by? post streptococcal glomerulonephritis * NBTE characterized by? non-destructive one sided vegetation on line of closure *ashoff bodies found in? acute myocarditis *bacterial meningitis patient CSF characteristics? under tension and turbid *needed sign to diagnose meningitis? burdzinski sign *crescents found in? RPGN *symmetric more than 1-hour inflammation on PCP and metatarsals has? RA *a patient with normal Icterus, drink 1 beer a day, sexually monogamous with his wife, has increased bilirubin levels (including unconjugated) he has normal hepatic liver enzymes, normal abdominal examination, what should you do for him? 1- clinically reassure him 2- do screening test for hepatitis (I excluded this one as his hepatic enzymes are normal and he isn’t sexually active) 3- offer alcohol counselling (excluded it as 1 beer isn’t much) 4- do abdominal ultrasound (my choice to check for any tumours) *a patient has a tumour causing jaundice (can’t remember the exact symptoms), what is type of tumour? 1- vascular metastatic 2-cholecystocarcinoma 3- angiosarcoma 4-hepatoblastoma (my choice as its the only benign one in these choices ) *which structure is affected in a swelling compressing lateral wall of cavernous sinus? Anatomy 1- ICA 2- trochlear (my choice) 3- internal jugular vein 4 -trigeminal neve *a patient is injured in his dangerous area of the face, how could an infection reach from this area to his brain? 1- by cerebral artery 2- emissary 3-opthalmic (my choice ) 4- can’t remember it *which disease is caused by group a streptococci toxin? Microbiology 1- impetigo 2- scarlet fever (correct one) *a child had tonsillitis which is the most probable cause ? group a beta haemolytic streptococci which disease is caused by alpha glucosidase deficiency ? pomper disease Biochemistry *which drug family does rosiglitazone belong to? thiozdionlidines Pharmacology *which is a gLP1 analogue ? eventide *which disease requires insulin injections? Biochemistry, 1- IDDM (infant of diabetic mom) 2- DM with stress or infection (my choice) Pharmacology, ‫مش متأكد‬ 3- hypokalaemia 4- hypoglycaemia *insulin side effect? 1- hypokalaemia (correct one) 2-gastric reflux can’t remember 3 and 4 maybe one of them was hyperkalaemia *which is true about MHc II? Microbiology 1- coded by chromosome 15 2- found on apc (Correct) 3- found on nucleated cells 4- react with Cd4 cells *hyper rejection of a graft is ? a few hours following transplant *Ileum characteristic feature? Histology 1-peyer patch (correct) 2- tænia coli *White fibrocartilage Location? 1-intervertebral ( correct ) 2-ear pannus 3- trachea Which hormone protect young women from heart disease? Oestrogen ‫مش متأكد‬ *which is true about Anterior cruciate ligament? Anatomy 1- extracapsular 2-attached to capsule (my choice but number 3 looks more likely to be right) 3- ascend posteriorly *Which drug cause macrocytic anaemia? Metformin (correct) 2- pramlnitide Pharmacology *Which one is antidiarrheal? 1-lactulose 2-metaclopromid 3-dompieridone can’t remember number 4 *Patient with familial hypercholestremia, what's is pathogenesis ? Lack of Apo b 100 Biochemistry *what's is source of endogenous cholesterol? 1-LDL 2-VLDL 3HDL That question about jaundice patient with a highly pleomorphic tumour. what kind of Pathology tumour it is? 1-angiosarcoma 2- cholcystocarcinoma 3-vascular metastasis 4- hepatoblastoma A case of meningitis with low glucose in csf high ptn and high leukocyte, what is diagnosis? Microbiology Bacterial meningitis *Which is a feature of inflammation? Pathology 1-effluent of ptns and cells (correct) 2- influx of ptn and cells 3-decreased capillary permeability 4- decreased blood perfusion Chemical prophylaxis of meningitis? Pharmacology, 1- if ampicillin for 2 days 2- oral rifampicin 600 GM 4 times on 2 days (correct answer) Microbiology 1) injury to medial malleolus which artery is affected? Answer: posterior tibial artery Anatomy, Physiology, 2) injury to shaft of humerus which nerve is affected? answer: radial nerve Biochemistry, 3) relation to the left ureter? answer: sigmoid vessels Pathology, Histology, 4) which part of duodenum open the bile duct? answer: descending Pharmacology, 5) where to palpate the mitral valve? answer: the 5th intercostal space Microbiology, Family 6) tumour in the uncinate process of pancreas. origin of the artery that passes anterior to medicine the uncinate? answer: superior mesenteric artery 7) what is true about umbilical vessels? answer: the umbilical vein carry oxygenated blood 8) which is true about the placenta? the fetal part is called chorion frondosum. 9) anterior and posterior relations of the kidneys (2 questions) 10) which pathology is caused by strept toxins? answer: scarlet fever 11) which bacteria causes rheumatic fever? Group A beta haemolytic streptococci 12) case about person had jaundice after being in delta near Nile river. answer: schistosomiasis 13) what is the most common clinical picture of entamoeba histolytica? answer: no symptoms 14) parasite that causes dark urine. answer: shistosoma 15) cell that contains histamine: basophil *physiology questions same as revision exactly *pathology same as mcq of dr. kariman except 2 questions 16) what is true about MHC II? answer: found on APCs 17) limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis. what does synthesize? answer: mevalonate 18) which forms of ketone bodies found in urine? answer: acetoacetate and beta- hydroxybutyric acid 18) hypoglycemic drug that causes macrocytic anaemia? answer: metformin 19) drug taken with SU that increase its hypoglycaemic action? answer: sulphonamide 20) rosiglitazone is from which class? answer: thiazolidinedione 21) most common cause of jaundice in infants? answer: physiological jaundice 22) tumour in abdomen with glandular epithelium and pleomorphic? answer: cholangiocarcinoma *Most abundant cell in epidermis of skin? Keratinocyte ‫مش متأكد‬ *Ilium characterised by Pyre’s batches *Chemoprophylaxis of meningitis : Rifampicin 600 mg *10 years boy with elevated neutrophils ? Post strept *Drug works on GLP 1 receptor in D.M? *Drug antidiarrheal : Dipheno... *Drug causes macrocytic anaemia: Metphormin present in options *Hemoglobinobathy causes microcytic anaemia by : Deletion alpha Mutation alpha Deletion beta Mutation beta *Arteriolosclerosis +capillary thickening ? Microangiopathy Neuropathy Nephropathy Retinopathy. *Hyalinisation of blood vessel Benign hypertension *What parasite causes dark urine in urine analysis Whochnarhe Bancroft? Malaria Schistosoma *Transplantation hyper acute reaction? After minutes, Days, Years *Post relation of kidney: Diaphragm *Glycogen storage disease with glucosidase deficiency Pomp, Von generic *Main source of extracurricular cholesterol to the peripheral tissue ? LDL, HDL *entamoeba Histolytica most common presentation ? Asymptomatic, Brain abscess, Amoebic desyntry *Site of fibrocartilage: Intervertebral disc *Urobilinogen increase in faeces in which type of jaundice? Obstructive, Gall stone, Haemolytic *Most common type of jaundice in neonate? Physiological. *Pathological jaundice vs physiological? Physiological no need for treatment *Sulfyuerease is augmented by ? Cortisol, Sulfynamide *Chemoprophylaxis of meningitis? Rifampicin 600 mg *True regarding inflammation? Increase exudate *True regarding cell membrane? Mainly glycolipids and glycoglix Endocytosis of LDL *Phagocytosis is ? -ingestion of old intracellular organelle -Ingestion of solid particles -Ingestion of fluid *Deep seated stab wound in a healthy individual heals by ? Scar, Resolution ,Regeneration hormone protective for young girls ? oestrogen ‫مش متأكد‬ *What is true about cell membrane? Biochemistry, Histology It engulfs LDL receptor along with LDL by endocytosis *What's true about phagocytosis ? It's engulfing of solid particle (don't really remember the exact phrases used in the question and the answers) *The hormone that not found in menopause *Posterior relationship of ureter (genitofemoral nerve) *Number of placenta at the beginning of fourth month (two layer) *Anterior relation of ureter in pelvic brim *Anterior cruciate ligament ‫االتجاه بتاعه‬ *Haemoglobin ‫سؤال عنه‬ * HbA 2%, HbA2 75 HbS 0, what is the type of ‫ا‬mutation ‫ كان فى سؤال‬BUN ‫ عالى اى‬enz ‫ اللى فيه‬defect *‫ ال‬bio ‫جه سؤال عن‬type 2 hyperlipidaemia ‫ كانت اجابته‬defect ‫ في‬Apo 100 *Difference between Mpsv23 and MCV4 vaccines of meningitis? *Inner layer of heart? Endocardium *Which of these sites most vulnerable to stone impaction in the ureter? Pelvic brim *Diagnosis of fever of unknown origin? Blood culture *NSAIDS taken for fever? Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in hypothalamus *Tibialis ant muscle support Medial side of foot *C.difficile culture type *Drug inhibit DPP4: Exenatide *Posterior capsule of knee joint from semimembranosus muscle tendon *Elastic Cartilage in ear Pena *Pinocytosis cell drinking *Type 1 hypolipoproteinaemia ➡️ Defect in LPL or Apo C *Haemoglobin of foetus consist of which chains? *Skin in palm of hand: Thick skin *Which of the following accompany Posterior interventricular artery A. Great cardiac vein B. Anterior cardiac vein C. Middle cardiac vein D. Coronary sinus *Tumour in the uncinate process of pancreas will compress which of the following structure A. Superior mesenteric artery B. Inferior mesenteric artery C. Splenic artery *Which of the following is responsible for the first line of defense Answer: skin *Hyperacute graft rejection means Answer: rejection of the graft in minutes or hours *Pathogenesis of giardiasis depends on? *Entameba histolytica first presentation? *What is the most common type of cell in the epidermis A. Melanocytes B. Keratinocytes C. Pigment cells *Family medicine had 5 questions and were very easy to handle *MHC type II is present in? *55 years’ male, Alcoholic, hypertensive, has UCB of 2.5, liver enzymes normal, no icterus in the eyes, some vomiting and nausea but otherwise normal What is your decision Ans was: reduction of alcohol *The layers of placenta at the beginning of 4th month *