Pharmacy Orientation Lecture 5 PDF

Pharmacy Orientation Lecture 5 Dr/ Omnia Sarhan Dr/Omnia Sarhan COURSE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES  Definitions related to pharmacy  Pharmacy Profession (Scope of Pharmacy)  Pharmacy education  History of different pharmacy civilizations...

Pharmacy Orientation Lecture 5 Dr/ Omnia Sarhan Dr/Omnia Sarhan COURSE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES  Definitions related to pharmacy  Pharmacy Profession (Scope of Pharmacy)  Pharmacy education  History of different pharmacy civilizations  Role of pharmacist in society  Drug and dosage forms  Different routes of administration  Pharmacy Careers  Clinical pharmacy  Different parts of prescriptions 2 Dr/Omnia Sarhan history of pharmacy 1. Ancient Egyptian Period:  The ancient Egyptians 3000 B.C. were expert in using drugs for disease curing.  Son was a priest doctor and pharmacist, who prescribe and prepare medicines.  The ancient Egyptians used to prepare their medicines and drugs either from biological sources (animal origin or plant origin). Dr/Omnia Sarhan history of pharmacy 2. The Mesopotamian Formula:  The Babylonian medicine was known through interpretation of a written table known as (Laws of Hammurabi in 772 B.C.  The formula contain 250 materials of plant and 180 of animal source which usually mixed with honey or water before administration. Dr/Omnia Sarhan history of pharmacy 3. Old Indian Medicine :  The aim of the old Indian drugs (2000 B.C) is to prolong the human life.  The drugs obtained from plant materials by pure religious person.  The fresh plants were considered to be more effective, after its collection from fertile soil washed with pure water and exposed to sun. Dr/Omnia Sarhan history of pharmacy 4. Old Chinese Medicines :  Famous in the acupuncture and the Chinese herbal medicine 1000 B.C.  The Chinese thought that for every disease, there must be a drug curing it, and the drug is only provided by nature.  Many drugs of plant and animal origin were used and prepared in form of suppositories and ointments or as dry powders Dr/Omnia Sarhan history of pharmacy 5. The Greek and Romans:  Well Known Hippocrates (466 B.C) was familiar with numerous drugs and wrote Corpus Hippocraticum.  Alexander the great helped to increase the number of the drugs used at that time.  Dioscorides was first to describe the drugs and his work “ Greek Herbal of Dioscorides” included about 5000 medical plants + animal and mineral drugs. Dr/Omnia Sarhan history of pharmacy 6. Islamic contribution :  The Islamic civilization added many scientific terms as “Kemia”.  Famous Islamic scientist Abu al Hassan Ibn- Sina. His Book (canon of Medicine) was known as the best written medical test.  Dawood El- Antaki and his book “Prescription of Daoud”  Al- Buiruni and his book “ pharmacy and medical material” Dr/Omnia Sarhan history of pharmacy 6. Islamic contribution :  Abou Bakr Al Razi, “Father of Arabic Medicine”, He wrote about 224 books such as “The Secret of Secrets”.  Cohen El Attar, wrote a book with a wide collection of drugs, called “The Plan of the Shop and Book of the Rich”; which is formed of 25 chapters where different dosage forms were described.  El Magousy and his famous book “El Maleky”, which included essays about anatomy. Dr/Omnia Sarhan history of pharmacy 6. Islamic contribution :  El Kindy (Philosopher of the Arabs), born in El- Kufa (in Iraq), wrote medical assays in nutrition and drugs and his famous book is “Karbedin” which contains description of many diseases and methods of preparing pharmaceutical preparations.  Al Zahrawi, one of the most famous Arabic scientists who wrote in surgery, He was the first to tie arteries in order to stop bleeding. Dr/Omnia Sarhan history of pharmacy 6. Islamic contribution :  Ibn Al- Bitar, an expert herbalist, he wrote many books, the most important of which are two: 1) “The Collective for Medicine and Food”. 2) “The Ample in Simple Drugs” Thank You 12